Experimental Study on the Fire Resistance Performance of Partition Board under the Condition of Small Fire Source

Fire safety of ancient wooden buildings is one of the most important issues in the world. In this paper, partition boards with different thicknesses from 15 to 25 mm were heated by a 15-cm-diameter pool fire and a methane Bunsen burner. The temperatures and the carbonization rate of partition boards were measured and analyzed. The results show that when a pool fire was used to heat the wood sample at a distance of 30 cm, two flames appear on the sample surface. When a Bunsen burner heats the sample, the sample is burned until the center point is burned through. The thickness of the sample is increased by 5 mm, and the acceleration time of the temperature rise rate at the center is doubled. Under the condition of a pool fire, the thickness of the sample is increased by 5 mm, and the average carbonization rate at the center point is reduced by 40%. Under the condition of Bunsen burner, the average carbonization rate of the center point decreases exponentially when the thickness of the sample increases by 5 mm. In the case of the same fire source, the carbonization rate of the samples with different thicknesses has the same change trend in the horizontal and vertical directions. Compared with the pool fire, the burn-through time of the center point of the sample is reduced in the case of the Bunsen burner for a sample of the same thickness, and the average carbonization rate of each measuring point increases.

KARAKTERISTIK TERMAL CAMPURAN BIOSOLAR DAN BIODIESEL MINYAK BIJI RANDU (CEIBA PENTANDRA)

Research involving thermal characteristics of mixture of biodiesel from kapok (ceibapentandra) and biosolar has been conducted. Biosolar and biodiesel mixed with 5 different composition:B0 (100% biodiesel), B10 (10% biodiesel), B20, B30, and B100 (100% biodiesel). Laboratory experimentwas conducted to obtain several fuel characteristics: heating value, flash point, density, and viscosity.Biosolar is evaporated at a temperature of 120°C and then the steam is flowed to a bunsen burner with afixed discharge (2 ml/minute) and mixed with air in the equivalent ratio variation (φ) 0.8; 1; and 1,2 andturned on. The resulting flame was recorded with the camera and an analysis of the flame was carriedout. Thermal characteristics of this biodiesel have properties in accordance with biosolar standards ofPT Pertamina Indonesia. The heating value of biosolar is 10,602 cal/gram and biodiesel is 8,641cal/gram, and the mixture has heating value among them. As for the characteristics of the flame with highheat values, the core of the flame is covered in blue which shows the highest heat value.

Miticidal Evaluation of Different Non-Volatile Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Ferula Oopoda Against Apple Mites

The research was administered in order to spot the miticidal effect of wild grown plant namely Ferula oopoda against the mites that destroy the leaf tissue and also the colour of the fruit in trees. The theme was to get the herb’s (1) aerial, stem and root part about 1 kg and was soaked for about 7 days and then extract the oil by the help of vaccum rotary evaporator, the extracted oil is then allowed to stay for a day in HCl (0.2M), then the solution is filtered and then some charcoal is added to the filtrate and now, it is put on the Bunsen burner for a while, now the HCl extract is again filtered and basified by the addition of Sodium hydroxide (5M), the yellow colour is the indication of basification and now the ppts are collected that are formed over the filter paper, the ppts are dried and later on sprayed on the apple mites and their mortality rates are noted at exposure time of 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48h. It may be a new revolutionary technique that can be economical as well as environment friendly as the oil is only lethal for the target apple mites and doesn’t not harm human health.

Fire Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Intumescent Coating Using Novel BioAsh for Steel

Recent developments of intumescent fire-protective coatings used in steel buildings are important to ensure the structural integrity and safe evacuation of occupants during fire accidents. Flame-retardant intumescent coating applied to structural steel could delay the spread of fire and heat propagation across spaces and structures in minimizing fire risks. This research focuses on formulating a green intumescent coating utilized the BioAsh, a by-product derived from natural rubberwood (hardwood) biomass combustion as the natural substitute of mineral fillers in the intumescent coating. Fire resistance, chemical, physical and mechanical properties of all samples were examined via Bunsen burner, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), carbolite furnace, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), freeze–thaw cycle, static immersion and Instron pull-off adhesion test. Sample BioAsh intumescent coating (BAIC) 4-7 incorporated with 3.5 wt.% BioAsh exhibited the best performances in terms of fire resistance (112.5 °C for an hour under the Bunsen burner test), thermal stability (residual weight of 29.48 wt.% at 1000 °C in TGA test), adhesion strength (1.73 MPa under Instron pull-off adhesion test), water resistance (water absorption rate of 8.72%) and freeze–thaw durability (no crack, blister and color change) as compared to other samples. These results reveal that an appropriate amount of renewable BioAsh incorporated as natural mineral fillers into the intumescent coating could lead to better fire resistance and mechanical properties for the steel structures.

PERANAN VARIASI PERFORATED PLATE BURNER PADA PEMBAKARAN PREMIXED MINYAK KELAPA MURNI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK NYALA API

Terdapat berbagai macam metode untuk menentukan dan mengukur besarnya kecepatan pembakaran laminer salah satunya menggunakan metode bunsen burner dengan penambahan perforated plate untuk mendapatkan pembakaran api yang efektif, singkat dan nyala api lebih stabil. Utamanya untuk merespon regulasi emisi gas hasil pembakaran. Selain masalah emisi gas, masalah keterbatasan bahan bakar fosil juga menjadi masalah yang penting . Kebutuhan bahan bakar minyak akan bertambah seiring meningkatnya pembangunan. Hingga saat ini banyak dikembangkan bahan bakar alternative dari minyak nabati yang mengandung gliserol dan asam lemak (Wirawan, Wardana, Soenoko, & Wahyudi, 2014). Penelitian ini menggunakan uap minyak kelapa yang dicampur dengan udara pada perforated plate burner untuk menghasilkan nyala api premixed. Variasi AFR yang digunakan adalah 6,7; 9,6; 11,9; 13,7; 15,4; 16,8; 18,9 dan 19,4 untuk menghasilkan equivalence ratio yang bervariasi. Untuk variasi perforated plate adalah 7, 9 dan 11. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah banyaknya jumlah perforated plate mempengaruhi pada bentuk nyala api pada pembakaran premixed lebih transparan, jernih dan nyala api nampak seperti kelopak bunga. Pada campuran miskin (equivalence ratio < 1) dengan pengaruh banyaknya jumlah perforated plate kecepatan pembakaran api lebih tinggi, sehingga temperatur yang dihasilkan jadi meningkat daripada jumlah perforated plate sedikit, namun pada tinggi nyala api semakin rendah dengan jumlah perforated plate lebih banyak.