INVESTIGATION OF CANCER CELLS USING THIN LAYERS OF CADMIUM OXIDE (CdO)–DNA/RNA SANDWICHED COMPLEX COMPOSITE PLASMONIC NANOSTRUCTURE UNDER SYNCHROTRON RADIATION

Triptycene Barrelene Anthracene (TBA) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of three benzene rings. The name TBA is a composite of phenyl and TBA. In its pure form, it is found in cigarette smoke and is a known irritant, photosensitizing skin and industrial carcinogenic wastewater. Cadmium Oxide (CdO) is an inorganic compound with the formula CdO. It is one of the main precursors to other cadmium compounds. It crystallizes in a cubic rocksalt lattice-like sodium chloride, with octahedral cation and anion centers. It occurs naturally as the rare mineral monteponite. CdO can be found as a colorless amorphous powder or as brown or red crystals. CdO is an n-type semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.18 eV (2.31 eV) at room temperature (298 K). DNA/RNA, CdO and DNA/RNA–CdO sandwiched complex was characterized by Attenuated Total Reflection–Fourier Transform–Infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X–Ray Diffraction (XRD) technique and Energy–Dispersive X–Ray (EDAX) spectroscopy. The modified anti–cancer-protective membrane was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), EDAX analysis, 3D–Atomic–Force Microscopy (3D–AFM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and contact angle analyses and methods. The current study is aimed to use Polysorbate 80 as a surfactant for investigating the effectiveness of permeate TBA on the Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) anti–cancer-protective membrane and the effect of loading DNA/RNA–CdO sandwiched complex on hydrophilicity and anti-cancer properties. The results showed decreasing surface pore size from 227 to 176 and increasing porosity from 101 to 111 with loading DNA/RNA–CdO sandwiched complex, and the permeate of anti–cancer-protective membrane increased from 80 to 220 (L/m2. hr. bar) with loading DNA/RNA–CdO sandwiched complex.

Optimization of amorphous solid dispersion techniques to enhance solubility of febuxostat

Febuxostat is a selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase and belongs to BCS class II drugs having low solubility and high permeability. Solubility is the most important parameter which directly affects dissolution, absorption and bioavailability of the drugs. There are different techniques by which we can improve solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drug. Amorphous solid dispersion is one of the methods which can improve solubility as well as powder characteristics. The aim of the present study was to formulate and optimize various methods of formulating solid dispersion by using various drug-to-polymer ratios and identifying the batch which gives higher solubility as well as amorphous powder of the drug febuxostat. Different techniques like hot melt method, solvent evaporation method and spray drying techniques were selected for optimization. Attempts were made to improve solubility of febuxostat by employing Kolliphor P 188, Kolliphor P 237, Eudragit RLPO in different drug-to-polymer ratios (1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2) as carrier. The prepared solid dispersion was characterized for the saturation solubility, percentage yield, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powdered X-ray diffraction studies (PXRD), and residual solvent determination. Solid state characterization indicated that febuxostat was present in the amorphous form after mixing with polymeric carrier. In contrast to the pure form of drug, solid dispersion of the drug showed better solubility and amorphous characteristics which can be attributed to decreased crystallinity due to hydrotrophy. Thus, amorphous solid dispersion approach can be used successfully to enhance solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of febuxostat.

Standardization of the Pharmaceutical Substance of the Drug LCS-1208

Introduction. Indolocarbazole derivatives are of increasing scientific interest for practical oncology. A number of N-glycosides, indolo[2,3-a] carbazole under the laboratory code LCS, were synthesized in the laboratory of chemical synthesis of the National Medical Center of Oncology named after N.N. Blokhin. Currently, one of the most promising compounds in this class is LCS-1208, a representative of the arabinoside class of indolo [2,3-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-5,7-dione. According to the mechanism of biological action, LCS-1208 is a protein kinase C inhibitor and is of great interest for the treatment of malignant neoplasms.Aim. chemical and pharmaceutical standardization of the pharmaceutical substance LCS-1208.Materials and methods. Laboratory samples of pharmaceutical substance LCS-1208. Methods of investigation: gravimetry, spectrophotometry, polarimetry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and infrared (IR) spectroscopy.Results and discussion. The quality assessment of LCS-1208 was carried out according to the indicators adopted in the XIV edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation for quality control of pharmaceutical substances. LCS-1208 - orange amorphous powder, odorless; soluble in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethylformamide (DMF); very slightly soluble in 95 % ethyl alcohol and practically insoluble in water. The authenticity of the substance is confirmed by NMR and IR spectra, as well as electronic absorption spectra. The values of the specific optical rotation of LCS-1208 (1 % solution in DMF) are placed in the range from +58° to +61°. All the studied samples of the substance were free of inorganic impurities, sulphate ash, heavy metals and contained no more than 1.0 % water, determined by the K. Fischer titration method. The content of possible related impurities in the substance LCS-1208 and the content of the main active substance were determined by HPLC. The studied laboratory series of the pharmaceutical substance LCS-1208 contained no more than 1.0 % of any single and no more than 3 % of the total unidentified impurities. The content of the main active substance was more than 97 %.Conclusion. As a result of the work carried out, quality criteria and parameters were selected and methods for their determination were developed, which allow to adequately assess the quality and standardness of the pharmaceutical substance LCS-1208.

Enhanced Permeability of Fe-Based Amorphous Powder Cores Realized through Selective Incorporation of Carbonyl Iron Powders at Inter-Particle Voids

In this study, we demonstrate a hybrid multimodal soft magnetic composite (SMC) comprising gas-atomized spherical amorphous powder (AP) and carbonyl-iron powder (CIP), and present its enhanced electromagnetic properties. CIP is selectively incorporated into voids between AP, and deforms during compression, effectively reducing the pores, resulting in high packing density of the core, where CIP magnetically bridges AP and helps magnetic domain rotation much efficiently. The hybrid SMC with the addition of 20 wt.% CIP showed constant effective permeability of 57 up to 1 MHz, a remarkable 63% increase compared with the AP core, while DC bias superimposing retention level of 61% was secured with the help of high magnetization of CIP. In addition, the effect of SiO2 surface insulation, prepared by the sol-gel process, on the high-frequency magnetic properties of hybrid SMCs, was also evaluated. It is thus revealed that the high-frequency dynamic loss of the hybrid core, originating from intra-particle eddy current loss and anomalous loss component, and inter-particle eddy currents are negligibly small. We believe that our approach using AP/CIP multimodal hybrid SMCs is an effective way of achieving high permeability as well as high DC bias characteristics at high frequencies. This process will be highly beneficial for the miniaturization of power inductors.

Crystallization and Hardness Change of the Ti-Based Bulk Metallic Glass Manufactured by a Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process

Ti-2.5Zr-5.0Hf-37.5Cu-7.5Ni-1.0Si-5.0Sn (at.%) BMG has been successfully manufactured in amorphous powder with a size of about 25 μm (D50). Using this amorphous powder, a Ti-based BMG was manufactured by an additive manufacturing process based on a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique. In 3D printing processes using amorphous powders, it is necessary and important to understand the crystallization behavior due to the difference in energy density applied to the powders. An LPBF process has been carried out with various energy density conditions to minimize the inner defects and identify the sound mechanical properties of 3D-printed BMG parts. At the lowest energy density condition (3.0 J/mm3), the most pores were generated. Even if the same energy density (3.0 J/mm3) was applied, the rapid laser movement caused many pores to form inside the material. The relatively sound 3D-printed Ti-based BMG was successfully fabricated with a size of about 5 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm. Peaks at 41° and 44° showing crystallization were observed in all conditions. The higher the laser power was, the greater each peak intensity and the more crystallization (CuTi, Ti3Cu4, etc.) was present in the BMG, and the higher the scan speed, the more the internal defects were found.

Comparative Study of Synthesis of Polypyrrole Using Chemical Polymerization Technique and Plasmapolymerization

Polypyrrole (PPy) was synthesized using the Chemical polymerization technique using Ammonium per sulphate (APS), as an oxidant and Plasma Polymerization technique. The polypyrrole synthesized by the chemical oxidation method was in black amorphous powder form. In Plasma polymerization, thin films were created on a glass plate. Structural and morphological properties of the polymer were studied by FTIR, SEM and. X-ray diffraction. The electrical conductivity of chemically prepared PPy was measured by two probe method and was found to be in the range of 10−3 to 10−2 S/cm for chemical oxidative method, while that of Plasma polymerization it was around 10−3 S/cm. Other characterization also shows that Chemical polymerization has an edge over plasma polymerization, but plasma polymerization is more impurity-free than chemical polymerization.

STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF ABHRAK BHASM ON HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF WISTAR RATS

The Ayurveda is the traditional system of medicine which is been used by Indian's. The science of life is the basic meaning of the word Ayurveda. The method of practicing had been a trusted and tested method in treating the illness. Abhrak Bhasma, an amorphous powder drug, is prepared by treating biotite (mica) with the juices of a number of reconstituent plants that make it a powerful cellular regenerator. It is commonly used ayurvedic drug against many diseases including hepatitis (hepatoprotective). It is also used as nervine tonic and is widely used in respiratory tract infections and megaloblastic anemia. It contains iron, magnesium, potassium, calcium and aluminium in trace amounts. It also contains silicates of iron, magnesium and aluminium.In this study a total of 30 adult albino Wistar rats of approximately 4 months age (approx. 150-200 gms) of either sex selected randomly to see the effect of Abhrak bhasm, an ayurvedic drug on hematological and biochemical prole of Wistar rats.The rats were weighed, marked and divided into 5 groups each consisting of six animals. In normal control group(Group E), no drug was administered and in rest of the four treated groups(Group-A,B,C,D), Abhrak bhasm @ 36 mg/kg B.wt. was administered orally once in each rat.All blood samples were collected from jugular veins by using 30 gauze needle in EDTA (Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) vials and in plain vials for hematological and biochemical investigations respectively at 0.5 hour,2 hours, 6 hours, 24 hours and at the end of study in Groups A, B, C, D and E respectively.A signicant increase in Neutrophils percentage and a signicant decrease in Lymphocytes percentage were observed in both group B and group C i.e. at 2 hours and 6 hours of drug administration respectively, as compared to control group. In two cases, in group B and group C i.e.at 2 hours and 6 hours of Abhrak bhasm drug administration, hypersegmented neutrophils were seen in blood smear. In three cases, two in group B and one in group D i.e. at 2 hours and 24 hours of drug administration, polychromasia were seen. The ndings in the present study indicate the erythropoeisis stimulant action and also a signicant phagocytic activity i.e. immunomodulatory activity of Sahastraputi Abhrak Bhasma drug. It consolidated the fact that Sahastraputi Abhrak Bhasma is highly regarded as Rasayan, thus leading to scope for exploring the mechanism of its activity through more animal and clinical studies.

Study on Friction and Wear Properties of Zr–Cu–Ni–Al Crystalline Powder Cladding and Amorphous Composite Powder Cladding by Laser

In order to improve the friction and wear performance and surface hardness of AISI 1045 steel and expand its application range, this paper carried out the research on friction and wear performance and surface hardness of Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17.5 crystalline powder (CP) and amorphous powder (AP) after laser cladding on AISI 1045 steel surface. The results show that both CP and amorphous powder (AP) formed a cladding layer on the surface of AISI 1045 steel under laser irradiation. The thickness of the cladding layer is about 400 μm, and the thickness of the AP cladding layer is slightly larger than that of the CP cladding layer. The results show that there are many holes in the AP cladding layer, and holes can be observed at the junction with the matrix; while the CP cladding layer is well combined with the matrix and no holes are observed. The friction performance of CP cladding layer is better than that of AP cladding layer. In the wear marks of the AP cladding layer, there are bonding areas, while the wear marks of the CP cladding layer have a furrow-like morphology, and part of the matrix is exposed. The surface microhardness and average microhardness of AP cladding layer are 49% and 94% higher than that of CP cladding layer, respectively. Hardness modification has obvious advantages. The reasons for porosity, large friction coefficient and low stability of the friction experiment of the AP cladding layer are analyzed and discussed. The ideas and methods for improving the laser irradiation to achieve both high wear resistance and high strength of the AP cladding layer are proposed.

Isolation and Characterization of Anti Psychotic Compound From Cassia Occidentalis Leaf

The aim of the current work was mainly to find the neuroleptic effects of responsible compounds isolated from Cassia occidentalis leaves, on condiontioning avoidance and catalepsy induced psychotic wistar rats. Psychosis was induced by condiontioning avoidance and catalepsy induced in albino wistar rats. An isolated fraction of the ethanolic extract of Cassia occidentalis was ingested orally at 100 mg/kg, p.o dose. Haloperidol was considered as standard neuroleptic drug (10 mg/kg, p.o.). The isolated fractions from the column chromatography showing for the higher neuroleptic activity that facilitated for isolating the pure constituent, that was named trivially as name CO- 1.Precise analysis of the previous investigations with Ethanolic extract of Cassia occidentalis (ETCO) have encouraged us to isolate anti-psychotic responsible consituents from the leaves of Cassia occidentalis for managing the anti-psychotic activity. Collected pooled fractions were subjected to anti-psychotic activity in conditioning avoidance and catalepsy induced wistar rats. The fraction F from ETCO showed strong neuroleptic activity when compared with the commercial standard drug Haloperidol. To propose the constituents that possess anti psychotic activity related to F respectively. Besides, column chromatography analysis was performed with ‘F’ using different solvents and the isolated compound which is named as CO-1. This amorphous powder was extracted from the column with decomposition point. CO-1 is a phenolic compound that was confirmed by IR, Mass Spectrum and NMR analysis.