Phytochemical Screening and Identification of Bioactive Constituents of the Chloroform Extract of Icacina trichantha Tuber Peel Oliv

This study was carried out to identify the bioactive constituents of the tuber peels of Icacina trichanthalinna of the Icacinales family. This plant is basically selected due to its widespread use in herbal treatment. Nine compounds were identified in the chloroform extract of the tuber peel. Undecane (43.254%),2-hexanone (23.299%), Dodecanoic acid ethyl ester (6.244%) and 9-octadecynoic acid (5.915%) appeared to be the most prevailing compounds and they are known to possess antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, antimycobacterial, hypercholesterolemic activities. Also identified was triarachine which has been reported to have some biological activity.

Rheumatoid Arthritis: Severity Classification, Factors Responsible, Pathophysiology, Current and Herbal Treatment

Rheumatoid Arthritis is the autoimmune disorder occurs due to the change in life style, improper diet plans, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption etc. It generally affects the joints and creates swelling and severe pain in joints which leads to further destruction of bone and cartilages. Due to autoimmune responses the factors like Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukins-1 are introduced to synovial and synovial membrane which creates the swelling and pain. These factors further produce reactive oxygen species and inducing osteoclasts which destruct the bone and cartilages. Along with the drugs the several natural herbal treatments are also available for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. This includes varies medicinal plants form which acacia species is more potent and efficient. Acacia Senegal is the plant which blocks the receptors and decreases the level of tumor necrosis factor-α. Present work on rheumatoid arthritis mainly covers classification, factors responsible, pathophysiology, severity, current treatment and its drawbacks, herbal treatment and its benefits in treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Ameliorative Effect of Neem Leaf and Pomegranate Peel Extracts in Coccidial Infections in New Zealand and V-Line Rabbits: Performance, Intestinal Health, Oocyst Shedding, Carcass Traits and Effect on Economic Measures

Healthy, weaned, coccidial-free male rabbits from two breeds (New Zealand white (NZ) and V-line (VL)) were divided into 10 equal groups (5 groups each for NZ and VL) (3 replicates/group, 6 rabbits/replicate, 18 rabbits/group). All rabbits were inoculated with 5 × 104 Eimeria spp. oocysts (E. intestinalis (67%), E. magna (22%), and E. media (11%)) except for the rabbits in the first group (G1), which were inoculated with a sterile solution and served as a negative control. The remaining four groups were treated as follows: G2, no treatment/positive control, G3, treated with neem leaf extract, G4, treated with pomegranate peel extract (PPE), and G5, treated with a combination of neem leaf extract and PPE. For both breeds, our results showed that the use of neem leaf and/or pomegranate peel extract resulted in improved growth performance, with a significant improvement in relative feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the positive control groups, which recorded the worst values, as well as a significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in mean oocyst count compared to the positive control groups. We also observed downregulation of mRNA levels of IL-1βα, IL6, and TNF-α in the herbal treatment groups compared with the mRNA levels of these genes in the positive control groups. Herbal treatment with neem leaf and/or pomegranate peel extracts had positive effects on the NZ and VL rabbits experimentally infected with mixed Eimeria species, as evidenced by their healthy appearance, good appetite, no mortalities, an anticoccidial index > 120, and a significantly higher total return and net profit when compared to the positive control groups of both breeds. In NZ rabbits, the treatment with neem leaf extract alone (G3) or in combination with PPE (G5) recorded the most efficient economic anticoccidial activity.

Complementary and integrative medicines methods used by internal medicine and surgical clinic nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose: This study is a descriptive study conducted to investigate the use of Complementary and Integrative Medicines (CIM) among internal medicine and surgical clinic nurses in the COVID-19 pandemic period. Materials and methods: The study sample consisted of 1112 nurses working at the internal medicine and surgical clinics of a hospital in eastern Turkey. The data were collected between November 2020 and February 2021 by using a Nurse Identification Form and a Questionnaire Form for Complementary/Integrative Treatment. Ethics board approval and institutional permission were obtained. Results: It was determined that 55.2% of the participants used at least one of the CIM methods, the most frequently used method was herbal treatment-phytotherapy (96.7%), and the least frequently used method was homeopathy (3.1%). On CIM usage, the having received CIM training (β=0.395), high levels of perceived danger regarding the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on health (β=0.321), high levels of perceived infection probability (β=0.249), high levels of concern about being in crowded places (β=0.187), high levels of concern about getting the infection in oneself and/or family members (β=0.262) and being at the ages of 40-50 (β=0.116) had predictive effects. Conclusions: It was determined that the majority of the nurses used CIM methods in the COVID-19 pandemic process, and they preferred herbal treatment most. To prevent a negative outcome that may potentially be caused by a CIM method that is used, it is recommended to provide nurses with training on CIM use for the COVID-19 pandemic.