scholarly journals APPROACH TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TOPOGRAPHICAL METHOD OF ANALYZING WORKING CONDITIONS THROUGH THE DETERMINATION OF PATTERNS OF REDUCING THE LEVEL OF INDUSTRIAL RISKS

Author(s):  
Yev. HRYHORIEVA

Problem statement. In Ukraine there is an increasing awareness that accidents and various diseases associated with professional activity have a detrimental effect not only on the lives of individual workers, their families, but also on the socio-economic well-being of society as a whole. A methodical approach to the use of risS.k-oriented approach to the implementation of topographical method of occupational traumatism forecasting in modern conditions, the basis of which is an assessment of occupational risks for the occupational health and safety management system and the Schuchart-Deming cycle of continuous improvement, is considered. Weber-Fechner and S. Stevens laws were taken as the basis for calculation of occupational and industrial risks depending on the parameters of the working zone, taking into account the time of workers' stay in the zone of hazardous factors. An algorithm for converting environmental parameters into an index of occupational risk was developed. There was performed an analysis of the map of working conditions by the results of the certification of some working places of the regional branch "Osnova Locomotive Depot" of the JSC "Ukrainian railroads" regarding the probability of the hazardous factor action, and the probability of a worker being in the zone of its action. At that, it was necessarily taken into account that action of harmful and hazardous industrial factors is not limited to the working area, but spreads in space in accordance with the established laws. Such approach allows to estimate mutual reinforcement of harmful and hazardous factors effect in space and to determine the most hazardous zones in the workshop premises. Purpose is to substantiate the application of risk-oriented approach to topographical method of industrial injuries prediction. Conclusions. The results obtained testify to the mutual increase in the harmful effects of the factors of the working environment and the working process on the workers of the diesel and welding departments. Application of the proposed approach makes it possible to estimate the values of potential industrial risk at any number of harmful and hazardous factors at workplaces, taking into account their mutual influence, to determine the zones with the largest levels of industrial risk between workplaces and at any distance from them to determine the optimal and safest routes of workers' movement through the shop territory.

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane R. Stempel ◽  
Katja Siestrup

COVID-19 confronted many people with an abrupt shift from their usual working environment to telework. This study explores which job characteristics are perceived as most crucial in this exceptional situation and how they differ from people’s previous working conditions. Additionally, we focus on job crafting as a response to this situation and how it is related to employees’ well-being. We conducted an online survey with N = 599 participants, of which 321 reported that they were telework newcomers. First, we asked participants to indicate the three most important advantages and disadvantages they see in telework. The subsequent questionnaire contained a comprehensive measure of working conditions before and during the pandemic, job crafting behaviors, and indicators of well-being. Based on the qualitative answers, we identified three major advantages and disadvantages. Quantitative results indicate perceived changes in all job characteristics for telework newcomers. Concerning working conditions and well-being, job crafting activities that aim to increase structural and social resources are important mediators. The findings underline the need to design appropriate telework conditions and encourage job crafting activities to foster occupational well-being.


Author(s):  
Ravit Alfandari

This chapter presents a qualitative study that was conducted to investigate the implementation and outcomes of recent child protection reform in Israel. Using the ‘systems approach’ as conceptual framework allowed to understand the impact of the working conditions on every-day child protection practices. The key finding of the research – that the reform’s aims of strengthening practice and improving the safety and well-being of vulnerable children have not been entirely achieved – is explained by the organisational working environment and culture acting as barriers to the expected change. Findings touch on in particular: heavy workloads and an organisational culture that seeks opportunities to shortcut procedures and processes; inadequate professional supervision and support; insufficient training and qualifications; and lack of strong organisational leadership. It is concluded that organisations’ underlying problems need to be resolved if effective delivery of services for children and families is to be achieved.


Author(s):  
Ingibjörg H. Jonsdottir ◽  
Alessio Degl’Innocenti ◽  
Linda Åhlström ◽  
Caterina Finizia ◽  
Helle Wijk ◽  
...  

Background. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on workload, mental health, and well-being of healthcare workers, and particularly those on the front-line, has received considerable attention.Design and methods. We surveyed hospital employees about their working environment during the pandemic and identified departments which were negatively affected in comparison to the pre-pandemic situation, as well as factors contributing to this.Setting and participants We surveyed all hospital employees at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden in September 2020 and compared results across departments and to the results of a large employee survey from October 2019.Results. The overall impact of the pandemic on perceived working conditions and possibility for recovery differed among departments. During the pandemic, healthcare workers working with COVID-19 patients reported poorer working environments than other employees. Factors significantly related to perception of work environment and recovery during the pandemic included worries of being infected, departmental transfer, and having insufficient access to personal protective equipment. Men reported better working conditions than women in all, but one item and higher age was related to better perceived working environment.Conclusions. Our results indicate that the pandemic differentially affects hospital departments and underscores the multifactorial nature of this topic. Contributing factors to poor perceived working environment could be addressed at times of high workload, such as during the pandemic, including providing appropriate support to managers, ensuring possibility for recovery during working hours, and acknowledging worries about infection. Young healthcare workers and staff who are relocated due to the pandemic warrant special attention.


2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 07006
Author(s):  
Viera Sukalova

Research background: Human resources today are well the most important and valuable resource of a company, and therefore it is very important that the company constantly deals with the field of working conditions. Working conditions represent a convex set of conditions, factors and other elements affecting the worker who performs the assigned work tasks for the employer and significantly affect his productivity, well-being, health and loyalty to the employer. Currently, the field of working conditions has been hit hard by the Covid 19 pandemic. The company's goal in the field of working conditions should be to create the best possible working conditions that will provide employees with a suitable and quality working environment, damage to health at work and benefits to increase their comfort. Purpose of the article: The aim of our article is to analyse the legal aspects of labour protection and working conditions in EU and Slovakia and to document on the Case study current problems of work management and also the impact of Covid 19 on employees’ working conditions. Methods: Analysis, Synthesis, Case study, Questionnaire We analyzed the current legislation of the EU and Slovakia in the field of occupational safety and working conditions, and on the example of a case study and the use of a questionnaire survey, we identified problems in this area. Findings & Value added: Identification of current problem areas in the management of working conditions and design of a system solution for sustainable development.


Author(s):  
Veldbrekht O.O. ◽  
Bovdyr O.S. ◽  
Samkova O.M.

Nowadays, the profession is regarded as an important part of a person, which should promote his/her self-development, meet some social and existential needs. Thepurposeof the article is to cover the diagnostic scope of the job satisfaction questionary (JSQ) in individual counseling and monitoring of organizational space. Methods: it is presented an original tool with proven validity and reliability consisting of 38 items – job components (process, conditions of implementation, results) which render individual needs in professional activity. It allows assessing the five components of satisfaction: the resourcefulness of working space, work organization, work & life balance, the social value of work, the space of professional self-realization. Qualitative analysis of individual items demonstrates fundamental motivators, frustrated needs, and “pain points” of employees. The research has analyzed diagnostic results of 104 representatives of medical professions who have 3-35 years of experience: 55 paramedics and emergency doctors, 26 employees of a private clinic, 23 volunteers. Results of the comparative analysis of groups show that, depending on working conditions, representatives of different teams are characterized by unlike components of job satisfaction. This uniqueness is the key to developing programs for social and psychological support of employees, training activities, and organizational interventions. Group satisfaction profiles make it possible to assess the individual results of some team members objectively. This is the background against which the subjective perception of professional life unfolds; common factors can mitigate or exacerbate existing problems. Common features of the sample comprise dissatisfaction with tangible and intangible remuneration for work, awareness of the social usefulness of work, continuous training. Conclusions emphasize that different professional groups are distinguished by challenging aspects of work and their intensity. Regular monitoring of teams using the job satisfaction questionnaire makes it possible to timely respond to the relevant challenges ensuring the psychological well-being of professionals.Keywords: motivation of professional activity, frustration, professional stress and burnout, psychological well-being, organizational counseling, organizational space. Сьогодні професія розглядається як важлива частина особистості, що має сприяти її саморозвитку, задовольняти ряд соціальних та екзистенційних потреб.Мета статті – розкрити діагностичні можливості опитувальника задоволеності роботою в індивідуальному консультуванні та моніторингу організаційного простору. Методи:представлено оригінальний інструмент з доведеною валідністю та надійністю, що складається з 38 пунктів – складових роботи (процесу, умов реалізації, результатів), які представляють потреби особистості, реалізовані у професійній діяльності. Він дозволяє оцінити п’ять компонентів задоволеності: ресур-сність простору, організованість праці, баланс роботи і життя, соціальну цінність праці, простір професійної самореалізації. Якісний аналіз окремих пунктів демонструє провідні мотиватори діяльності, фрустровані потреби та “точки болю” працівників. Проаналізовано результати діагностики 104 представників медичних професій зі стажем 3-35 років: 55 фельдшерів та лікарів швидкої допомоги, 26 працівників приватної клініки, 23 волонтери. Результатипорівняльного аналізування груп показали, що залежно від умов діяльності, представники різних колективів достовірно відрізняються складовими задоволеності роботою. Ця своєрідність є ключем до побудови програм соціально-психологічноїпідтримки працівників, навчальних заходів та організаційних втручань. Групові профілі задоволеності дають можливість об’єктивно оцінити індивідуальні результати окремих членів колективу. Це фон, на якому розгортається суб’єктивне сприйняття професійного життя; загальні чинники можуть пом’якшити або загострити наявні проблеми. Спільними особливостями вибірки виявилась незадоволеність матеріальної і нематеріальною винагородою за роботу, усвідомлення соціальної корисності праці, постійне вдосконалення кваліфікації. Висновки підкреслюють, що різні професійні групи суттєво відрізняються за переліком проблемних аспектів роботи та їх інтенсивністю. Регулярний моніторинг колективів з використанням опитувальника задоволеності працею дозволяє вчасно реагувати на ці проблеми, забезпечуючи психологічне благополуччя фахівців.Ключовіслова: мотивація професійної діяльності, фрустрація, професійні стреси та вигорання, психологічне благополуччя, організаційне консультування, організаційний простір.


2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 663-668
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Druzhilov

Introduction. The current historical period is characterized by significant transformations in all spheres of life activity. The reasons for the changes are the development of information technologies and globalization processes. In the information (post-industrial) society, transformations are associated with the introduction of the principles of flexibility in job placement and labor organization. The transition to flexible forms of employment appears as a risk factor for the deterioration of working conditions and the reduction of workers’ security. “Social pollution” of the production environment is spreading. These include management methods that harm the well-being of workers.The aim of the study is the evaluation of the influence of flexibilities of employment and labor relations on the deterioration of working conditions as a risk factor for the well-being of workers.Material and methods. The study object in the article is flexibility as a socio-psychological and organizational-economic phenomenon. A comparative analysis of the views of various authors and their theoretical generalization.Results. A modern understanding of the information society as a society of network structures based on innovation and decentralization, as well as employment on adaptability to market conditions is presented. The introduction of the flexibility of employment means a departure from the standard model of labor relations. The negative consequences of labor flexibility for workers are given: instability, compulsion, unsteadiness, and lack of guarantees. Employment unsteadiness occurs both in the informal and formal sectors of the economy. The statistics cited indicate a trend towards an increase in the proportion of workers included in unsustainable and precarious employment. The influence of “social pollution” of the intra-organizational environment in the form of adverse management decisions introducing instability and unreliability in working conditions is considered. Their consequence is a violation of the social and psychological well-being and somatic health of workers. Conclusion. The more employment differs from the standard, the higher its instability, and lack of guarantees for the worker, the higher the risks of deterioration of working conditions, health, and job loss. There is a connection between the instability of employment, psychological well-being, and health.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (74) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton M. Osaki ◽  
Marcelo Pustglione

Introdução: A gestão de pessoas deve desenvolver ações que possibilitem às organizações a plena consecução de suas missões, neste caminho, a promoção do bem-estar e a busca da satisfação dos profissionais, através de práticas que contemplem a diversidade de suas necessidades, devem ser consideradas como fundamentais. Aceita-se que a valorização humana e consequente qualidade de vida no trabalho permitam a obtenção de resultados significativos para a organização. Qualidade de vida no trabalho: Em um conceito estrito, envolve a manutenção e preservação da saúde física, incluindo a garantia de condições saudáveis e seguras de trabalho, mas em um conceito mais amplo (qualidade final de um serviço prestado) envolve outros fatores relacionados aos recursos da organização e a inserção social do profissional. Equação da qualidade final: A gestão da qualidade do produto final pode ser representada por uma equação onde a qualidade final dependerá dos fatores: 1) qualidade dos recursos disponíveis para prestadores e usuários; 2) qualidade técnico-operacional, isto é, a forma mais adequada de executar o processo de trabalho; 3) qualidade de vida no trabalho, ou seja, a disponibilização ao trabalhador de condições saudáveis e seguras de trabalho; e 4) qualidade de vida geral, aquela ofertada ao conjunto da população da qual o trabalhador também faz parte. Propostas de ações: 1) qualificação do ambiente de trabalho (conforto, instalações e equipamentos ergonômicos); 2) evitar situações estressoras ocupacionais relacionadas à jornada, repressão à iniciativa profissional, má comunicação entre níveis hierárquicos, falta de perspectiva de ascensão pessoal, etc.; 3) controle dos riscos ocupacionais conforme e aderente as normas regulamentadoras oficiais da área; 4) promoção, prevenção e proteção às doenças e anomalias clínicas comuns como obesidade, tabagismo, alcoolismo, diabetes e hipertensão arterial, junto a promoção de hábitos saudáveis como atividade física, lazer, alimentação correta; 5) oferta de programas de educação financeira, preparação para aposentadoria, envelhecimento saudável, apoio à mãe trabalhadora, etc. Discussão e Conclusão: Cabe ao serviço de saúde ocupacional da organização desenvolver os programas de qualidade de vida no trabalho e qualidade de vida geral, monitorar indicadores de resultados como índice de absenteísmo e taxa de acidente de trabalho, promover a melhoria contínua utilizando-se de ferramentas como o ciclo PDCA, e promover parcerias com as comissões de trabalhadores e de infecção hospitalar. A conscientização tanto do trabalhador como do gestor para o desenvolvimento da cultura prevencionista é fundamental para a satisfação do profissional e melhoria da qualidade no atendimento do usuário do serviço de saúde. Palavras-chave: Qualidade de Vida; Gestão de Pessoas; Saúde Ocupacional; Serviços de Saúde ABSTRACTIntroduction: People management must develop actions that enable organizations to fully achieve their missions, in this way, promoting well-being and seeking the satisfaction of professionals, through practices that contemplate the diversity of their needs, should be considered as fundamental. It is accepted that human valorization and consequent quality of life at work allow the achievement of significant results for the organization. Quality of life at work: In a strict concept, it involves the maintenance and preservation of physical health, including the guarantee of healthy and safe working conditions, but in a broader concept (final quality of a service provided) involves other factors related to resources of the organization and the social insertion of the professional. Final quality equation: Quality management of the final product can be represented by an equation where the final quality will depend on the factors: 1) quality of the resources available to suppliers and users; 2) technical-operational quality, that is, the most adequate way of performing the work process; 3) quality of life at work, that is, the availability to the worker of healthy and safe working conditions; and 4) general quality of life, that offered to the whole population of which the worker is also a part. Proposals for actions: 1) qualification of the working environment (comfort, facilities and ergonomic equipment); 2) avoiding occupational stressors related to the journey, repression of professional initiative, poor communication between hierarchical levels, lack of perspective of personal ascension, etc.; 3) control of occupational risks according to and adhering to the official regulatory standards of the area; 4) promotion, prevention and protection of diseases and common clinical abnormalities such as obesity, smoking, alcoholism, diabetes and hypertension, along with the promotion of healthy habits such as physical activity, leisure, proper nutrition; 5) offer financial education programs, preparation for retirement, healthy aging, support to the working mother, etc. Discussion and conclusion: It is up to the organization's occupational health service to develop quality of life programs at work and general quality of life, monitor outcome indicators such as absenteeism index and work accident rate, promote continuous improvement using tools such as the cycle PDCA, and promote partnerships with employee committees and hospital infection. The awareness of both the worker and the manager for the development of the prevention culture is fundamental for the satisfaction of the professional and improvement of the quality in the care of the user of the health service.Keywords: Quality of Life; People management; Occupational Health; Health services.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kana Shimoda ◽  
Sebalda Leshabari ◽  
Shigeko Horiuchi

Abstract Background Facility-based childbirth has increased globally. Unfortunately, there have also been reports of women experiencing disrespect and abuse by healthcare providers during childbirth. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of self-reported disrespect and abuse (D&A) by healthcare providers of women during childbirth in health facilities in Tanzania, and to clarify the factors related to D&A. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in public health facilities of three regions in Tanzania from September 2016 to October 2016. Nurses and midwives who had ever conducted deliveries completed a 22-item section about D&A and three sections about working conditions and environment. A model for predicting D&A based on several factors such as their characteristics, working conditions, and working environment was developed by conducting multiple regression analysis. Results Thirty public health facilities in three regions within Tanzania were selected to reflect different levels of hospitals. Among 456 participants (nurses, midwives, and nursing assistants), 439 were included in the analysis. Average number of self-reported D&A out of 22 items was five, and nearly all participants (96.1%) reported enacting one form of D&A at the least and two forms of D&A at the most. About 25–44% of D&A items were in the forms related to women’s experiences with childbirth psychologically. Moreover, at least 10–30% of the participants enacted some form of D&A which could directly affect the well-being of mothers and babies. D&A scores increased with an increase in ‘working hours per week’ and ‘taking a break during evening shifts’. D&A scores decreased with an increase in the scores of the ‘two components of the Index of Working Satisfaction (professional status and interaction between nurses)’, and ‘any type of supervision for new nurse-midwives’. Conclusion Most studies about D&A of healthcare providers previously focused on the reports of women. To our knowledge, this is the first report that focused on D&A reported by healthcare providers. Working conditions and systems including personal relationships with colleagues were both positively and negatively related to D&A of healthcare providers rather than the provider’s individual and facility structural characteristics.


Author(s):  
V. Perederiy ◽  
L. Skripnichenko

The article highlights the health issues, the problem of improving its parameters, which are directly related to the stable development of modern society. This topic is especially significant in the context of socio-economic instability, high inflation, rising prices for various goods and services, and the problems of implementing health policies. The physical potential and health status of the individual have a significant impact on the main areas of society, types of social and personal communications, are a source of using the appropriate channels for self-realization, preserving environmental safety. The health of employees is deteriorating under the influence of a number of factors: environmental pollution, poverty, quality of food, smoking, alcoholism, drug addiction, etc. Changes in society draw the attention of government bodies to public health problems and contribute to more productive and thorough work with labor resources. By "professional health" the authors of the article mean a complex of psychophysiological and psychosocial individual qualities of workers that meet working conditions and ensure high efficiency of professional activity. The state of professional health of the personnel is associated with the absence of any deformations, representing the absolute psychophysical and social well-being of a person in working conditions. Simultaneously with professional health, modern researchers pay special attention to the psychological component of workers' health. Aspects such as constant overstrain, nervous and psychophysical overloads are of great interest to specialists in this field. Among the main causes of industrial accidents, overworking of workers is in the first place. The energy expenditure of workers in carrying out production tasks must be compatible with well-being. The health of the personnel is an economic value, since the efficiency and quality of labor activity of the entire enterprise depend on the efficiency, labor potential, involvement of employees in the labor process as a whole.


Author(s):  
M.I. Timerzyanov

The article describes the working conditions of convicts involved in productions in penal colonies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Republic of Tatarstan, and presents the data of detection of diseases they have in in-depth medical examination. The target of the work is to study the impact of sanitary and hazardous working condi-tions in the colonies, located on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, the emergence of non-communicable diseases identified by the results of in-depth medical examinations of prisoners engaged in various industries. Sanitary and hygienic assessment of working condi-tions of prisoners in various industries was evaluated by a set of unfavorable factors of work-ing environment and labor process: noise, light and vibration level, content in the air of the working zone of hazardous chemicals, physical overload, working position, the presence of sensory load, monotony of work. Analysis of morbidity among prisoners showed that among those with temporary dis-ability diseases in all industries the most common are acute respiratory infections and influ-enza, as well as diseases of the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and nervous systems. As a result of in-depth medical examination of working prisoners revealed a high incidence of hy-pertension in the foundry workers, garment production and a machine shop. Analyzing the detection of diseases in-depth medical examinations according to the age found obvious increase with age incidence of hypertension. It was prove the connection of age and the number of cases of chronic bronchitis with increasing age. As a result of the data concluded that the sanitary and hygienic assessment of working conditions of prisoners, revealing a complex of unfavorable factors of working environment and labor process – the basis for the development of sanitary measures to optimize working conditions and the prevention of diseases among prisoners.


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