scholarly journals Efektivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Curcuma aeruginosa terhadap Patogenisitas Colletotrichum capsici pada Tanaman Cabai Merah (Antifungi Effectivity of Curcuma aeruginosa Extract to Colletotrichum capsici Pathogenicity on Red Chilli Pepper)

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Anella Retna Kumala Sari ◽  
Arrohmatus Syafaqoh Li’aini
Keyword(s):  
Chilli Pepper ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
Time Utilization ◽  
Group Play ◽  
Rotary Vacuum

<p>Antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum capsici masih menjadi penyakit utama yang menyerang buah cabai merah. Selama ini, penggunaan Curcuma aeruginosa sebagai antimikrobe patogen penyebab penyakit pada manusia lebih populer daripada sebagai antimikrobe fitopatogen. Rimpang Curcuma diketahui mengandung senyawa volatil/atsiri dan nonvolatil. Potensi senyawa volatil/atsiri Curcuma sebagai antimikrobe telah banyak dilaporkan, namun masih sangat terbatas untuk senyawa nonvolatilnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas antifungi senyawa nonvolatil dari ekstrak C. aeruginosa terhadap C. capsici pada buah cabai merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2014 hingga Mei 2015 di Universitas Brawijaya. Senyawa nonvolatil didapatkan dengan merendam rimpang C. aeruginosa menggunakan pelarut metanol kemudian didistilasi menggunakan rotary vacuum evaporator dan diidentifikasi menggunakan HPLC. Efektivitas antifungi senyawa nonvolatil dari ekstrak rimpang C. aeruginosa diuji secara in vitro dan in vivo di laboratorium menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang diujikan yaitu konsentrasi senyawa nonvolatil terdiri atas 0 (kontrol), 4, 6, 8, 10, dan 12 ppm. Senyawa nonvolatil dari ekstrak rimpang C. aeruginosa sangat efektif menghambat pertumbuhan C. capsici baik secara in vivo maupun in vitro di laboratorium bahkan konsentrasi 12 ppm menunjukkan persentase penghambatan antraknosa hingga 100%. Hasil identifikasi HPLC menunjukkan bahwa senyawa nonvolatil dari ekstrak rimpang C. aeruginosa mengandung kelompok Curcuminoid yang terdiri atas curcumin dan demethoxycurcumin yang berperan sebagai antifungi sehingga sangat berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai fungisida nabati.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Antraknosa; Cabai merah; C. aeruginosa; Senyawa nonvolatil</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Anthracnose caused  by Colletotrichum capsici  is  still  as  major disease against  chilli pepper fruit. During this time, utilization of C. aeruginosa as pathogen antimicrobial caused disease to human is more popular than to crops. Curcuma has been known containing volatile and nonvolatile compound. Potential of volatil compound from Curcuma as antipathogen has been reported widely, nevertheless it is still limited known for nonvolatile compound. This research aimed to understand the antifungi effectivity of nonvolatile compound from C. aeruginosa extract to C. capsici on chilli pepper fruit. Research was conducted in November 2014 to Mei 2015. Nonvolatile compound was obtained by soaking C. aeruginosa rhizome into methanol solvent then distilated using rotary vacuum evaporator  and identified with HPLC instrument. Antifungi  effectivity  of nonvolatile compound  from  C. aeruginosa  extract  was experimented by in vitro and in vivo test using Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Treatments tested were various concentrations of nonvolatile compound namely 0 (control), 4, 6, 8,10, and 12 ppm. Nonvolatile compound from C. aeruginosa extract was highly effective to inhibit growth of C. capsici by both in vitro and in vivo test. HPLC identification result showed nonvolatile compound from C. aeruginosa extract contains Curcuminoid group play role as antifungi.</p>

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS SENYAWA NONATSIRI DARI Curcuma spp. TERHADAP PENEKANAN PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA PADA BUAH CABAI

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Anella Retna Kumala Sari ◽  
Firdaus Auliya Rahmah ◽  
Syamsuddin Djauhari
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Rotary Vacuum

<em></em><em>One of the important diseases on chili is anthracnose caused by </em>Colletotrichum capsici<em>. </em>Curcuma<em> extracts and </em><em>their essential oils were known as antifungal, but nonessential compounds have not been widely tested. This study aimed to assay the effectiveness of nonessential compounds of </em>Curcuma longa<em>, </em>C. zedoaria<em>, and </em>C. aeruginosa<em> to </em>C. annuum<em>. This study was conducted in November 2014 until Mei 2015 at Brawijaya University. The nonessential compound was obtained by soaking rhizome of </em>C. longa,   C.   zedoaria<em>,  and </em>C.   aeruginosa<em> in methanol, then distilled by</em><em>using rotary vacuum evaporator. Nonessential chemical compunds were identified by using HPLC. Effectiveness evaluation of nonessential compounds from three species of </em>Curcuma<em> was done by in </em>vitro<em> and </em>in vivo<em> test. Tested treatments were three species of </em>Curcuma<em> spp and 6 concentration levels of nonessential compounds (0 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm, 8 ppm, 10 ppm, and</em><em> 12 ppm). The xperiment was performed in Factorial Complete Randomized Design, with 18 treatments combination, and replicated three times. Results of HPLC analysis showed the rhizomes of the three </em>Curcuma<em> species contained curcumin and </em>desmethoxycurcumin<em> in various concentrations. The highest </em><em>level was found in the </em>C. longa<em> extract (13.792 ppm curcumin and 67.156 ppm </em>desmethoxycurcumin<em>). However, in vitro test results showed nonessential compound of </em>C. zedoaria<em> was most effective in inhibiting </em>C. annuum<em> growth.  The 10 ppm concentration inhibited 81.53 % of fungal growth.  Further, the in vivo test, also indicated the same, it’s most effective in hampering the growth of anthracnose symptoms. Therefore, curcumin and </em>desmethoxycurcumin<em> from three species of </em>Curcuma<em> have potential to be developed as botanical fungicide.</em>

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN TEPUNG PACI-PACI (Leucas lavandulaefolia) UNTUK MENGOBATI INFEKSI Aeromonas hydrophila PADA IKAN PATIN (Pangasius sp.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-176
Author(s):  
Menik Sri Rejeki ◽  
Ade Dwi Sasanti ◽  
Ferdinand Hukama Taqwa
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Absolute Length

ABSTRACTMotile Aeromonas Septicaemia (MAS) is one of bacterial A. hydrophila disease frequently infecting freshwater fish include catfish (Pangasius sp.). Controling the disease of bacterial use chemical antibiotic will cause environment pollution. The aim of this research was to determine utilization of natural material that contain antibacterial such Leucas lavandulaefolia powder as antibacterial to treat of A. hydrophila infection for catfish. The implementation of research was from September until October 2014 at the Laboratorium Budidaya Perairan, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University and Laboratorium UPT Klinik Kesehatan Sriwijaya University. Research method was using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treat and three replications. The catfish was infected by A. hydrophila with clinical feature were (inflamed and hemorrhage) that give addition Leucas lavandulaefolia powder on commercial feed as many as 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%. The result showed that addition 10 % of Leucas lavandulaefolia powder on commercial feed was the best to treat of A. hydrophila infection for catfish were significant (P<0,05). In vitro test result showed that Leucas lavandulaefolia powder  at a concentration 10% as an antibacterial potential of A.hydrophila with inhibitor zone diameter 0.5 cm, at in vivo test the catfish that gives addition Leucas lavandulaefolia powder on commercial pellet as many as 10% capable hematocrit increase, reducing leucocyte completely, produce recovery percentage 84.44%, the survival rate 76.67%, highest absolute growth of catfish 3.03 g and higest absolute length of catfish 0.89 cm. Keywords : A. hydrophila, catfish, Leucas lavandulaefolia powder

scholarly journals Fungi associated with Paspalum guenoarum seeds: their impact on physiology and control

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Frosi Gasparetto ◽  
Lauri Lourenço Radunz ◽  
Rodrigo Ramos Lopes ◽  
Lúcia Brandão Franke ◽  
José Antônio Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT: Of the natural pastures grown in southern Brazil, those of the genus Paspalum are the most important. One of the factors that hinder their cultivation is the availability of quality seeds, that are often compromised by the presence of fungi. This study determined the in vitro sensitivity of Paspalum guenoarum ecotype azulão seed-associated fungus to certain fungicides and to measure the efficiency of chemical treatments for fungal control and seed physiological performance. Bipolaris micropus, Epicoccum sorghinum, Curvularia geniculata and Fusarium incarnatum associated with seeds were tested in vitro against Carbendazim; Tiram, Fludioxonil; Metalaxil-M, Carboxina; Tiram and Tiofanato-metílico at 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 30 µg/mL. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (factorial 4 × 4 × 6). Qualitative variables were compared using the Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05) and quantitative variables were subjected to regression analysis. Carbendazim; Tiram and Fludioxonil; Metalaxil-M had the best fungicidal performances, each inhibiting three of the four fungi with LD50s below 1 µg/mL. Subsequently, these two fungicides were used alone or in combination in the in vivo test. A completely randomized design was used and the means were compared using the Tukey test (P < 0.05). The chemical treatment of the seeds resulted in improvement of five of the six evaluated physiological parameters. The identification of the primary fungi associated with Paspalum seeds reported in this research, as well as damage done to them, can be diminished using appropriate measures such as seed treatments.

Defibrotide Inhibits Platelet Activation by Cathepsin G Released From Stimulated Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (06) ◽  
pp. 660-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgilio Evangelista ◽  
Paola Piccardoni ◽  
Giovanni de Gaetano ◽  
Chiara Cerletti
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Cathepsin G ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Antithrombotic Effects

SummaryDefibrotide is a polydeoxyribonucleotide with antithrombotic effects in experimental animal models. Most of the actions of this drug have been observed in in vivo test models but no effects have been reported in in vitro systems. In this paper we demonstrate that defibrotide interferes with polymorphonuclear leukocyte-induced human platelet activation in vitro. This effect was not related to any direct interaction with polymorphonuclear leukocytes or platelets, but was due to the inhibition of cathepsin G, the main biochemical mediator of this cell-cell cooperation. Since cathepsin G not only induces platelet activation but also affects some endothelial cell functions, the anticathepsin G activity of defibrotide could help to explain the antithrombotic effect of this drug.

Comparative Evaluation of In Vitro and In Vivo Assays for the Detection of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus as a Contaminant of Live Poultry Vaccines

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-634
Author(s):  
Emiliana Falcone ◽  
Edoardo Vignolo ◽  
Livia Di Trani ◽  
Simona Puzelli ◽  
Maria Tollis
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis

A reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay specific for identifying avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in poultry vaccines, and the serological response to IBV induced by the inoculation of chicks with a Newcastle disease vaccine spiked with the Massachusetts strain of IBV, were compared for their ability to detect IBV as a contaminant of avian vaccines. The sensitivity of the IBV-RT-PCR assay provided results which were at least equivalent to the biological effect produced by the inoculation of chicks, allowing this assay to be considered a valid alternative to animal testing in the quality control of avian immunologicals. This procedure can easily be adapted to detect a number of contaminants for which the in vivo test still represents the only available method of detection.

scholarly journals Sensitivity Testing of Ciplukan (Physalis angulata) Rod Crude Extract on The Bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens In Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Ion Tarsardo Sianturi ◽  
Arief Prajitno ◽  
Ellana Sanoesi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Physalis Angulata ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Diseases is a problem in aquaculture, one of which is the diseases caused by the bacteriumP.fluorescens. Antibiotics and chemicals materials themselves can give the bacterium resistance and cause harm for the environment. One alternative that can be done is using a natural material, namely the rod of ciplukan (p. angulata). The purpose of this research was to explain the effect of P. angulata on the growth of p. fluorescens. The method which can be use is experimental method by using the research design of completely randomized design (ral) with 5 treatment and 2 control with 3 repetitions. The results showed that extract of P. angulata at various dose (6,67 ppt, 13,33 ppt, 19,99 ppt, 26,66 ppt and 33,33 ppt) exhibited anti-P. fluorescens activity with inhibition zone diameters in the range of (4,06±0,07 mm - 9,63±1,61 mm). Increashing extract dose lead to increased the inhibition zone. The extract dose of 33,33 ppt exhibited best anti-P. fluorescens activity in this research. The research results show that P. angulata is proven to be able to inhibit the P. fluorescens, but to prove the effectiveness of this material, an in vivo is required.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION AND FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY ASSESMENT OF WOOD-WASTE LIQUID SMOKE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 285-291
Author(s):  
Budy Rahmat ◽  
Dedi Natawijaya ◽  
Endang Surahman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Liquid Smoke

Liquid smoke is known to contain compounds that can control plant disease pathogens. This study aims to produce wood-waste liquid smoke and determine its effectiveness as a fungicide on plant pathogens. This research was conducted in two experimental stages, namely: (i) in vitro test as a preliminary test of the effectiveness of teak waste liquid smoke at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5%; and (ii) in vivo test was arranged in randomized block design consisting of seven levels of liquid smoke concentration, namely 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6%, each of which was repeated four times. The results showed that the pyrolysis of 1 kg of wood waste was produced with the proportions of liquid smoke, charcoal and tar, respectively: 312 mL, 31 g, 367 g and the uncondensed gases. Treatment of liquid smoke in the in vivo test showed that a concentration of 1 to 2.5% liquid smoke was able to suppress the growth of the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii 100%. The treatment of liquid smoke in the in vivo test showed an effect on inhibition of the growth diameter of fungal colonies, suppressing the disease occurance, and suppressing the lesion diameter.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Test Methods for the Evaluation of Gastroretentive Dosage Forms

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schneider ◽  
Koziolek ◽  
Weitschies
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Oral Drug Delivery ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Gastrointestinal Physiology ◽  
In Vivo Test

More than 50 years ago, the first concepts for gastroretentive drug delivery systems were developed. Despite extensive research in this field, there is no single formulation concept for which reliable gastroretention has been demonstrated under different prandial conditions. Thus, gastroretention remains the holy grail of oral drug delivery. One of the major reasons for the various setbacks in this field is the lack of predictive in vitro and in vivo test methods used during preclinical development. In most cases, human gastrointestinal physiology is not properly considered, which leads to the application of inappropriate in vitro and animal models. Moreover, conditions in the stomach are often not fully understood. Important aspects such as the kinetics of fluid volumes, gastric pH or mechanical stresses have to be considered in a realistic manner, otherwise, the gastroretentive potential as well as drug release of novel formulations cannot be assessed correctly in preclinical studies. This review, therefore, highlights the most important aspects of human gastrointestinal physiology and discusses their potential implications for the evaluation of gastroretentive drug delivery systems.

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