Effect of hope therapy on psychological well-being of women after abortion: a randomized controlled trial

Background Giving a healthy birth plays a vital role in a person’s personality development, but giving unhealthy birth and abortion can increase the risk of a range of mental disorders and psychological harms including reduced well-being and quality of life. Psychological interventions can reduce the problems of individuals, so the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of counseling with hope therapy on psychological well-being (primary outcome) and quality of life (secondary outcome) of women with an experience of abortion. Method This randomized controlled trial was conducted in Alzahra and Taleghani educational and medical centers in Tabriz, Iran, on 52 women aged 16 years and above whose pregnancies led to abortion in 2020–21. Participants were assigned to intervention and control groups using random blocking method. The intervention group received counseling with hope therapy approach in 8 sessions of 45 min twice a week. The psychological well-being and WHO Quality of Life (WHOQOL) questionnaires were completed before the intervention and immediately and 4 weeks after the intervention. Independent t-test and repeated measures ANOVA were used to compare the outcomes in two groups. Results After the intervention based on the repeated measures ANOVA test and by adjusting the baseline score, the mean total score of psychological well-being in the counseling group was significantly higher than that in the control group (adjusted mean difference (AMD): 76.76; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 63.81 to 89.70; P < 0.001). Also, the mean total score of quality of life in the counseling group was significantly higher than in the control group (AMD: 7.93; 95% CI: 6.38 to 9.46; P < 0.001). The mean score of all sub-domains of psychological well-being and quality of life in the counseling group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Using hope therapy can improve the psychological well-being and quality of life of women after abortion. However, further clinical trials are required before making a definitive conclusion. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT): IRCT20120718010324N60. Date of registration: 17 Dec 2020. Date of first registration: 20 Dec 2020.

Design and validation of Quranic model, Validity of hope therapy with integrated monotheistic treatment approach

Introduction: In the Holy Quran, hope and hope for the future have been spoken about many times and in different ways. In general, the study of the concept of hope shows that hope in any case, means waiting to achieve the goal, is accompanied by effort. In recent years, to achieve such a goal, especially in Iran, they use integrated monotheistic therapy. The aim of this study was to design and validate the Quranic-narrative model of hope therapy with an integrated monotheistic treatment approach. Methods: This study is a combined method (qualitative and quantitative) of exploratory type. Statistical sample in qualitative section 48 people were selected by purposive sampling method and in quantitative section 313 people were selected by relative stratified sampling method. The research tool was a semi-structured checklist and interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part. In the process of research, the literature of hope in the Qur'an and narrations and psychological sources were studied and the indicators of hope and hope therapy were extracted from this literature. Finally, the appropriateness of the indicators with the structures and the structures with the stages of the existing models were measured. Free coding was used to analyze the qualitative part of the information and confirmatory factor analysis was used in the quantitative part of the exploratory factor analysis. Results: The findings indicate the extraction of the Quranic-narrative model of hope therapy in 4 stages, 8 steps, 15 components and 75 items. Stages and components of the model: Step 1) Understanding the meaning and destination of monotheistic hope (expecting something beloved from God / benevolence from God / peace before God / desire for truth - hereafter hope / worldly hope), step 2) Determining the paths of monotheistic hope ( Positive attitude to solving problems / understanding needs and desires / creating monotheistic behavior), stage 3) giving meaning to monotheistic hope (strengthening faith and belief / performing rituals and worship / hope to attract divine mercy and gifts / hope for piety and divine guidance) and Step 4) Integration of monotheistic beliefs and behavior (integration of beliefs and behavior). Conclusion: Considering the appropriateness of hope therapy models and the model presented in this study, it can be said that the current model is effective for the treatment of despair.

Kronik Hastalıkların Tedavi ve Bakımında Umut Terapisinin Kullanımı

In addition to the biological changes brought about by the disease, individuals with chronic disease may encounter many difficulties such as economic difficulties, deterioration in family relationships, decrease in social activities, and feeling lonely. These difficulties cause a decrease in the hope levels of individuals. With the decrease of hope of the individual, adherence to treatment and quality of life are adversely affected. Among the interventions that can be applied to strengthen hope is hope therapy based on Snyder's theory of hope. Hope therapy can be applied to many diseases from chronic diseases to mental disorders as well as to protect and improve the mental health of healthy individuals. All health professionals, who play an important role in protecting and improving the health of individuals, should consider the individual holistically while planning treatment and care. The individual's desire for life should determine the goals he wants to achieve, the motivation and sources of hope to reach his goal and should support the individual in a positive way. In this review study, it is aimed to draw attention to the use of hope therapy in increasing and developing hope in the care and treatment of individuals with chronic diseases, and to raise awareness in health professionals on this subject by giving place to the stages and application examples specified in Snyder's theory of hope.

The Effectiveness of Group Hope Therapy Training on the Quality of Life and Meaning of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Their Family Caregivers

Objective: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, progressive neurological disease that, due to its special nature, has various physical and mental influences on the patients and their family's lives, decreasing the quality of life and threatening the meaning of life. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the group hope therapy training on the quality and the meaning of life in patients with multiple sclerosis and their family caregivers. Method: This quasi-experimental study was performed using pretest-posttest and control group. Thirty patients with multiple sclerosis along with 30 family caregivers who got low to medium scores on the Meaning in Life questionnaire by Steger (MLQ), Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29), and the Iranian Quality of Life questionnaire (IRQOL) for the caregivers were selected purposively. Then, the patients were randomly divided into two groups of 15 individuals in experimental and 15 individuals in control groups. The caregivers were grouped in the same manner. The protocol of group hope therapy training was carried out through eight two-hour sessions in two weeks separately on two experimental groups (the patients and the caregivers), and finally the posttest was given to four experimental and control groups. Results: The results of the data showed that the meaning of life in both the patient and the caregiver experimental groups increased significantly (P < 0.001), but there was no significant change in the patient and the caregiver control groups. Conclusion: Group hope therapy training is an effective intervention for improving the meaning of life and the quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. Also, any psychological intervention that aims to improve the quality of life in patients in an advanced stage of the disease requires attention to both the physical and the mental issues at the same time. Although group hope therapy training has improved the meaning of life in such patients, it did not have a significant impact on the quality of life. Therefore, paying attention to the stages of multiple sclerosis and the physical condition of the patients during the therapeutic intervention and adopting necessary complementary interventions seems to be essential.

Penerapan Terapi Psikologis dalam Menurunkan Tingkat Depresi pada Pasien Hemodialisis: Literature Review

The prevalency of hemodialysis patient with depression was high but only a few of patients who experienced the symptoms of the depression were diagnosed and treated. Therefore, the study and treatment of depression is one of the highest priorities in health care in the hemodialysis unit. Although psychological therapy has been widely implemented in hemodialysis patients who were depressed, the effectiveness from psychological therapy particularly applied to hemodialysis patients in Indonesia has not been certainty. This article was intended to assess the effectiveness of psychological therapy on a decline in depression levels in hemodialysis patients. The study of the article was a literature study obtained through data retrieval on four online databases of Pubmed, Ebsco, Cocharane and Scopus with the inclusion criteria have randomized control trial (RCT) designs, full text, published in 2015-2020, and in English. In the search, there were 219 articles found later in the review on abstract according to the research purpose that followed 8 selected articles after quality assessment using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme guide. The 4 types of psychological therapy were cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, hemodialysis self-management and hope therapy are potentially applied in Indonesia. These modifications and combinations of interventions could be suggested as to further research to improve th effectivities of phisicological therapy on hemodyalisis patients who were depressed. Keywords: cognitive behavioral therapy; hemodialysis; hemodialysis self-management; hope therapy; intervention; psychoeducation ABSTRAK Prevalensi pasien hemodialisis yang mengalami depresi masih tinggi tetapi hanya sebagian kecil yang gejala depresinya didiagnosis dan ditangani. Oleh karena itu, kajian dan penanganan terhadap depresi merupakan salah satu prioritas utama dalam pelayanan kesehatan di unit hemodialisis. Meskipun terapi psikologis telah banyak digunakan pada pasien hemodialisis yang mengalami depresi, tetapi belum ada kepastian efektifitas dari terapi psikologis terutama untuk bisa diterapkan pada pasien hemodialisis di Indonesia. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menilai efektifitas terapi psikologis terhadap penurunan tingkat depresi pada pasien hemodialisis. Penelitian artikel ini mengunakan kajian literatur yang diperoleh melalui pencarian pada 4 database online yaitu Pubmed, EBSCO, Cocharane dan Scopus dengan kriteria inklusi memiliki desain Randomized Control Trial (RCT), full text, dipublikasi tahun 2015-2020, dan berbahasa Inggris. Dalam pencarian ditemukan ada 219 artikel, kemudian di telaah yang sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian dan selanjutnya diperoleh 8 artikel terpilih setelah dilakukan penilain kualitas dengan menggunakan panduan Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). 4 jenis terapi psikologis yaitu cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, hemodialysis self- management dan hope therapy berpotensi untuk diterapkan di Indonesia. Modifikasi dan kombinasi dari berbagai intervensi ini disarankan untuk dilakukan pada penelitian selanjutnya untuk lebih meningkatkan efektivitas terapi psikologis pada pasien hemodialisis yang mengalami depresi. Kata kunci: cognitive behavioral therapy; hemodialisis; hemodialysis self-management; hope therapy; intervensi; psychoeducation

The Effect of Hope Therapy-based Training on the Happiness of Women with Breast Cancer: A Quasi-experimental Study

Background: The prevalence of cancer and its psychological consequences has increased steadily in recent decades. Hence, parallel to providing medical interventions, psychological therapies should be provided to cancer patients. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the effect of hope therapy-based training on the happiness of women with breast cancer. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 100 female patients with breast cancer admitted to the chemotherapy wards of two hospitals affiliated to the Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (Iran) in 2020 are studied. Participants were selected using the convenience sampling technique and randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control (each with 50 subjects). The intervention group received eight sessions of group-based hope therapy training. Data were collected using a demographic information form and the Oxford Happiness questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 by chi-square, independent samples t-test, and paired samples t-test, at a significant level of P < 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups concerning demographic characteristics. The independent samples t-test showed no significant difference in the mean scores of happiness between the two groups before the intervention (P = 0.55). However, the mean score of happiness for the participants in the intervention group showed a significant increase after providing the intervention compared to the control group (P = 0.001). Besides, the paired samples t-test indicated a significant increase in the mean score of happiness after providing the intervention compared to before intervention (P = 0.001), while the mean score of happiness for the participants in the control group showed a statistically significant decrease (P = 0.004). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that hope therapy-based training is effective for the happiness of women with breast cancer. Since physical and psychological problems caused by cancer lead to sadness and reduced happiness, hope therapy can be added to the care programs for women with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

The Effectiveness of Pattern of Quranic - Narration of Hope Therapy with Integrated Monotheistic Treatment Approach on Life Expectancy in Students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical of Yazd

Introduction: Recently, positive thinking and having a hopeful outlook on life have been considered as one of the most effective treatments for mental illness, especially hopelessness and depression among Western psychologists and humanities scientists. In this regard, monotheistic integrated treatment showed a good effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the Quranic-narrative model of hope therapy with the approach of integrated monotheistic treatment on the life expectancy of students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd. Method: In this quasi-experimental study, a sample of 30 people was selected from all students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd by convenience sampling. The participants were divided into two groups randomly (each group had 15 members). The group-counseling course was conducted in 5 sessions for the experimental group. To collect the data, Islamic Hope Scale of the Khalilian Shalamzari, Jandaghi, and Pasandideh (2013) was used. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance test. Results: The Quranic-narrative model of hope therapy using the integrated monotheistic treatment approach (in the form of group counseling) can be an effective treatment method on the life expectancy of students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd. Conclusion: The effect size coefficient showed that 89% of the difference between the experimental and control groups was related to the experimental intervention (P <0.000). The value of F indicated that the dimensions of life expectancy (purpose, effort, means, support, barriers to hope, relationship between person and support, and solution) increased in the experimental group at the significant level of α=0.05.

Θετικές παρεμβάσεις στη Γνωσιακή-Συμπεριφορική Ψυχοθεραπεία

Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is a well-established, evidence-based psychotherapy. Although it is the therapy of choice for both depression and anxiety disorders, many patients remain symptomatic after termination of their treatment, while relapses are not uncommon in the long-term follow-ups. Over time, different techniques have beenproposed in order to enrich cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy and increase its effectiveness. From the field of Positive Psychology, three psychotherapeutic strategies, Well-Being Therapy, Hope Therapy and Quality of Life Therapy, have been applied as additional ingredients in cognitive-behavioral packages. They are applied either as relapse prevention or as therapeutic strategies, in patients with affective and anxiety disorders who failed to respond to standard psychotherapeutic treatments. This paper presents the clinical and conceptual framework, as well as the structure and application of each strategy. Their potential clinical usefulness and results of preliminary validation studies are presented. Finally, their contribution in enriching the effectiveness of CBT is discussed.