scholarly journals Position-specific physical and technical demands during the 2019 COPA America Football tournament

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alliance Kubayi
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Standard Deviations

Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the physical and technical characteristics of football players according to specific playing positions at the 2019 COPA America tournament. Methods: A total of 180 match observations from 13 games were monitored using the InStat tracking system. Players were grouped into the following five playing positions: central defenders (n = 45), wide defenders (n = 46), central midfielders (n = 50), wide midfielders (n = 17), and forwards (n = 22). Results: Descriptive statistics (means ± standard deviations) and a one-way analysis of variance were used to analyse the data. Findings showed the total distance covered by central midfielders (10553 ± 763) was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than central defenders (9226 ± 720 m; ES: 1.79), wide defenders (9929 ± 633 m; ES: 0.89) and forwards (9383 ± 820 m; ES: 1.45). Wide midfielders (214 ± 170 m), wide defenders (152 ± 199 m) and forwards (138 ± 94 m) covered greater distances sprinting than central defenders (67 ± 42 m; ES: 1.19, 0.59, 0.98) and central midfielders (91 ± 66 m; ES: 0.95, 0.41, 0.58). Concerning technical variables, central midfielders played significantly more passes compared to players in other playing positions (p < 0.01). In relation to crossing, wide defenders completed significantly more crosses than players in other positions (p < 0.01). Conclusion: These findings have direct implications for tailoring tactics so players can meet the physical and technical demands of the game.

Do elite soccer players cover longer distance when losing? Differences between attackers and defenders

2020 ◽  
pp. 174795412098227
Author(s):  
Carlos Lago-Peñas ◽  
Anton Kalén ◽  
Miguel Lorenzo-Martinez ◽  
Roberto López-Del Campo ◽  
Ricardo Resta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Situational Variables ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Score Line

This study aimed to evaluate the effects playing position, match location (home or away), quality of opposition (strong or weak), effective playing time (total time minus stoppages), and score-line on physical match performance in professional soccer players using a large-scale analysis. A total of 10,739 individual match observations of outfield players competing in the Spanish La Liga during the 2018–2019 season were recorded using a computerized tracking system (TRACAB, Chyronhego, New York, USA). The players were classified into five positions (central defenders, players = 94; external defenders, players = 82; central midfielders, players = 101; external midfielders, players = 72; and forwards, players = 67) and the following match running performance categories were considered: total distance covered, low-speed running (LSR) distance (0–14 km · h−1), medium-speed running (MSR) distance (14–21 km · h−1), high-speed running (HSR) distance (>21 km · h−1), very HSR (VHSR) distance (21–24 km · h−1), sprint distance (>24 km · h−1) Overall, match running performance was highly dependent on situational variables, especially the score-line condition (winning, drawing, losing). Moreover, the score-line affected players running performance differently depending on their playing position. Losing status increased the total distance and the distance covered at MSR, HSR, VHSR and Sprint by defenders, while attacking players showed the opposite trend. These findings may help coaches and managers to better understand the effects of situational variables on physical performance in La Liga and could be used to develop a model for predicting the physical activity profile in competition.

Individual Response to External Training Load in Elite Football Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 696-704
Author(s):  
Håvard Wiig ◽  
Thor Einar Andersen ◽  
Live S. Luteberget ◽  
Matt Spencer
Keyword(s):  
External Load ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
External Training ◽  
Tracking Devices ◽  
Very High

Purpose: To investigate within-player effect, between-player effect, and individual response of external training load from player tracking devices on session rating of perceived exertion training load (sRPE-TL) in elite football players. Methods: The authors collected sRPE-TL from 18 outfield players in 21 training sessions. Total distance, high-speed running distance (>14.4 m/s), very high-speed running distance (>19.8 m/s), PlayerLoad™, PlayerLoad2D™, and high-intensity events (HIE > 1.5, HIE > 2.5, and HIE > 3.5 m/s) were extracted from the tracking devices. The authors modeled within-player and between-player effects of single external load variables on sRPE-TL, and multiple levels of variability, using a linear mixed model. The effect of 2 SDs of external load on sRPE-TL was evaluated with magnitude-based inferences. Results: Total distance, PlayerLoad™, PlayerLoad2D™, and HIE > 1.5 had most likely substantial within-player effects on sRPE-TL (100%–106%, very large effect sizes). Moreover, the authors observed likely substantial between-player effects (12%–19%, small to moderate effect sizes) from the majority of the external load variables and likely to very likely substantial individual responses of PlayerLoad™, high-speed running distance, very high-speed running distance, and HIE > 1.5 (19%–30% coefficient of variation, moderate to large effect sizes). Finally, sRPE-TL showed large to very large between-session variability with all external load variables. Conclusions: External load variables with low intensity-thresholds had the strongest relationship with sRPE-TL. Furthermore, the between-player effect of external load and the individual response to external load advocate for monitoring sRPE-TL in addition to external load. Finally, the large between-session variability in sRPE-TL demonstrates that substantial amounts of sRPE-TL in training sessions are not explained by single external load variables.

scholarly journals The Relationships between Internal and External Load Measures for Division I College Football Practice

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Eric J. Sobolewski
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
External Load ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
American Football ◽  
Division I ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Meaningful Relationships ◽  
Training Impulse

The aim of this study is to explore the relationships between internal and external load measures in American football. Thirty football players wore a portable integrated monitor unit for 10 weeks during the fall football season. Relationships between internal and external load measurements were determined. Internal load consisted of heart rate zones and heart rate-derived measures and session Ratings of Perceived Exertion (sRPE). External load consisted of distance in different speed zones, total distance traveled, and accelerations. There were many significant positive relationships, but the meaningful relationships (r > 0.5) were between heart rate-derived measures of load (Training Impulse and heart rate reserve) and low-intensity movement and total distance. Only accelerations between 1 and 1.99 m·s−2 were moderately correlated to heart rate-derived internal load. RPE values alone did not correlate strong enough with any of the measure but sRPE training load (sRPE-TL) correlated to most external values. Overall, moderate correlations were present between heart rate-derived internal load to total distance and lower intensity movement. sRPE-TL values had high correlations but were highly dependent on duration, not perceived exertion. When addressing load in American football, duration of the session is a key component in determining internal load as HR data and sRPE alone do not correlate highly with external loads.

scholarly journals Manor Parks in Poland—Costly Heritage or Potential for the Development of Rural Communes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9422
Author(s):  
Edyta Rosłon-Szeryńska ◽  
Jan Łukaszkiewicz ◽  
Beata Fortuna-Antoszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Original Composition ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
Distribution State ◽  
The Times ◽  
Potential Use

Historical parks, as an inseparable element of manors and landowners’ palaces, constitute a valuable cultural heritage, commemorating the times of the Polish nobility. From among the 16,000 manor houses existing before 1939, only 3433 objects remained, including 1965 of them are residential parks without the dominant feature in the form of a building. Numerous studies and activities are carried out to protect, restore, maintain and adapt these facilities to current needs. They are general, often theoretical, or individual concern objects, or only mansions or palaces, excluding parks, which makes it difficult to assess the problem objectively. The aim of this study is a comprehensive assessment of the distribution (in terms of spatial, social and administrative terms), the state of preservation (in terms of area size, technical, phytosanitary and original composition) and the use of the potential of historical parks in manor or palace complexes. The authors examined the distribution of these objects using relative indicators and descriptive statistics. The economic potential of the parks was explored in comparison to the facilities based on their sale offers, using the analysis of variance and the Tukey test. The results show the detailed distribution, state of preservation and problems related to the current and potential use of post-manor parks, manor and palace parks in 16 voivodeships of the country.

Using Summary Statistics as Data in ANOVA: A SYSTAT Macro

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Post Hoc

In laboratory and classroom assignments, students are asked to review research findings. Often the data available include only the means, standard deviations, and number of subjects. A SYSTAT macro is given that generates sufficient information from the data available to compute an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc analyses.

scholarly journals Facilitation Matters: Instructor Perception of Helpfulness of Facilitation Strategies in Online Courses

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Martin ◽  
Chuang Wang ◽  
Ayesha Sadaf
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Timely Feedback ◽  
Instructor Presence ◽  
Timely Response ◽  
Group Projects

Online course facilitation is critical to the success of online courses. Instructors use various facilitation strategies in online courses to engage students. One hundred instructors were surveyed on their perception of helpfulness of twelve different facilitation strategies used in online courses to enhance instructor presence, instructor connection, engagement and learning. Instructors’ timely response to questions and instructors’ timely feedback on assignments/projects were rated the highest in three of four constructs (instructor presence, engagement and learning). For instructor connection, ability to contact the instructor in multiple ways was rated the highest. Interactive visual syllabi of the course was rated the lowest in all four constructs. In the open-ended comments, group projects and synchronous sessions were rated helpful. Descriptive statistics for each of the construct by gender, delivery method, course level taught are presented. Significant differences were found between gender but analysis of variance failed to detect differences between primary delivery method or course level taught.

scholarly journals Análisis de variables condicionales y técnico-tácticas mediante juegos reducidos en futbolistas semiprofesionales (Analysis of physical and technical-tactical demands through small-sided games in semi-professional football players)

Retos ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Víctor Torreblanca-Martínez ◽  
Rubén Cordero-Ojeda ◽  
José Antonio González-Jurado
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Physical Domain ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Physical Variables

Objetivo: Analizar el rendimiento en variables condicionales y técnico-tácticas en función del número de contactos permitidos en juegos reducidos en futbolistas semiprofesionales. Métodos: Ocho jugadores semiprofesionales de fútbol (21,1 ± 1,5 años; 174,7 ± 3,5 cm; 71,3 ± 4,7 kg) fueron sometidos a situaciones juego reducidos 4x4, con uno (JR1T), dos (JR2T) y tres contactos al balón (JR3T) y sin portero. Las variables condicionales medidas fueron las distancias totales recorridas (DTR), distancias a alta intensidad (DAI) y distancias a sprint (DS), y las variables técnico-tácticas evaluadas fueron el número de pases acertados (PA), los balones perdidos (BP) y el porcentaje de pases acertados (%PA). Para las comparaciones entre formatos de JR se aplicó ANOVA de medidas repetidas y para las correlaciones entre variables se calculó la r de Pearson. Resultados: Se registraron mayores valores (p < 0,05) en DTR en los JR1T (1132,7 ± 61,3) con respecto a los JR3T (1059,1 ± 88,3), así como en los JR2T (1165,7 ± 60,4) con respecto a los JR3T. La DAI y la DS es mayor (p < 0,05) en los JR2T (DAI: 145,63 ± 37; DS: 12,88 ± 7,1) que en los JR3T (DAI: 99,1 ± 33,2; DS: 5,75 ± 5,6). En cuanto a las variables técnico-tácticas, en los JR1T los PA (36,3 ± 6,4) y los BP (28 ± 4,2) fueron más numerosos (p <0,05) que en los JR2T (PA: 26,9 ± 12,2; BP: 14 ± 1,51) y en JR3T (PA: 23,8 ± 3,4; BP: 12,1 ± 2,7). El %PA fue menor (p < 0,05) en los JR1T (56,18 ± 7,82) con respecto a los JR3T (66,21 ± 7,94). Conclusiones: A nivel físico, la DTR en los JR1T fue mayor que en los JR2T y en JR3T, siendo la DAI y la DS menor en los JR3T con respecto a los JR2T. A nivel técnico-táctico, la situación de JR1T mostró más PA y menos BP que las situaciones JR2T y JR3T, siendo el %PA menor en JR1T con respecto a JR3T.Abstract. Aim: Analyzing physical and technical-tactical performance based on the number of authorized ball touches in small-sided games in semi-professional football players. Methods: Eight semi-professional football players (21,1 ± 1,5 years; 174,7 ± 3,5 cm; 71,3 ± 4,7 kg) performed 4x4 small-sided games with one touch (SG1T), two touches (SG2T) and three touches of the ball authorized (SG3T), without goalkeeper. Physical variables measured were total distance (TD), high intensity distance (HID) and sprint distance (SD). The tactical/technical variables included were number of successful passes (SP), ball losses (BL), and percentage of successful passes (%SP). Small-sided games were compared with an ANOVA of repeated measures and Pearson r was used to establish correlation between variables. Results: regarding the physical variables, higher values (p < 0,05) were obtained for TD in SG1T (1132,7 ± 61,3) compared to SG3T (1059,1 ± 88,3), and in SG2T (1165,7 ± 60,4) compared to SG3T. HID and SD values were higher (p < 0,05) in SG2T (HID: 145,63 ± 37; SD: 12,88 ± 7,1) than in SG3T (HID: 99,1 ± 33,2; SD: 5,75 ± 5,6). In the tactical/technical variables, SP (36,3 ± 6,4) and BL (28 ± 4,2) were higher in SG1T (p < 0,05) than in SG2T (SP: 26,9 ± 12,2; BL: 14 ± 1,51) and in SG3T (SP: 23,8 ± 3,4; BL: 12,1 ± 2,7). The %SP was smaller (p < 0,05) in SG1T (56,18 ± 7,82) than in SG3T (66,21 ± 7,94). Conclusions: In the physical domain, TD in SG1T was higher than in SG2T and SG3T, being HID and SD smaller in SG3T with respect to SG2T. At the technical-tactical level, SG1T situations showed more SP and less BL than SG2T and SG3T, being the %SP smaller in SG1T than in SG2T.

scholarly journals Sustainability of Serbian Villages in COVID-19 Pandemic Conditions

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Tamara Lukić ◽  
Tatjana Pivac ◽  
Milica Solarević ◽  
Ivana Blešić ◽  
Jelena Živković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The subject of this paper is to determine how the COVID-19 virus pandemic affected the situation in Serbian villages. The task of the paper is to show the positive and negative consequences that resulted from the pandemic. This would indicate that some of them may represent a new idea, a chance, or would work in favor of the sustainability of the villages of Serbia. In support of objectivity, research was carried out among the population that inhabits the rural areas of Serbia. It examined the extent to which internationally recognized phenomena and consequences of the COVID-19 virus pandemic were present in the study area and considered the nature of their impact on sustainability. The results of the semi-structured questionnaire were processed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Respondents contributed to the conception of possible solutions with their comments. The obtained differences in the answers resulted from different socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, but also from the fact that the villages of Serbia differ in natural and social characteristics. Respondents’ responses are in favor of economic and sociodemographic sustainability, but they do not think in terms of environmental sustainability. The paper reveals several development opportunities, which complement each other and contribute to different methods for sustainability of rural villages in Serbia.

scholarly journals Validation of a Video-Based Performance Analysis System (Mediacoach®) to Analyze the Physical Demands during Matches in LaLiga

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Luis Felipe ◽  
Jorge Garcia-Unanue ◽  
David Viejo-Romero ◽  
Archit Navandar ◽  
Javier Sánchez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Camera Tracking ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Maximum Bias ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Gps System

The aim of the present study was to assess the accuracy of a multi-camera tracking system (Mediacoach®) to track elite football players’ movements in real time. A total of 207 observations of 38 official matches from Liga 1, 2, 3™ (2nd Spanish Division, season 2017/18) were included in the study (88 defenders, 84 midfielders, and 35 attackers of the same team). Total distance (TD, m) distance in zone 4 (DZ4) at a speed of 14–21 km/h, distance in zone 5 (DZ5) at a speed of 21–24 km/h (DZ5), distance in zone 6 (DZ6) at a speed of ≥24 km/h, maximum speed (km/h), and number of sprints (actions above 24 km/h) were registered with the Apex® GPS system (STATSports™, Newry, N. Ireland) and Mediacoach® semi-automatic tracking system (LaLiga™, Madrid, Spain). The level of agreement between variables estimated by the two systems was analyzed. Bias was also calculated by deducting the GPS estimated value from the video estimated value, and then dividing the difference score by the GPS estimated value. All variables showed high ICC values (>0.75) and very large correlations (r > 0.70). However the video-based performance analysis system overestimated the results obtained in the different speed zones (DZ5: +16.59 ± 62.29 m; LOA95%: −105.49 to 138.68; DZ6: +93.26 ± 67.76 m; LOA95%: −39.55 to 226.07), the number of sprints (+2.27 ± 2.94; LOA95%: −3.49 to 8.02), and the maximum speed (+0.32 ± 1.25 km/h; LOA95%: −2.13 to 2.77). The maximum bias was found in DZ6 (47%). This demonstrates that Mediacoach® is as accurate as a GPS system to obtain objective data in real time, adapted to physical and movement demands of elite football, especially for total distance and distances traveled at medium speeds.

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