LIPID COMPLEX FROM THE BROWN SEAWEED SARGASSUM PALLIDUM (TURNER) C. AGARDH AS A HYPOLIPIDEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT AGENT FOR A HIGH FAT DIET IN EXPERIMENT

The object of the present study was a lipid complex isolated from the thallus of the brown seaweed Sargassum pallidum (Turner) C. Agardh (Sargassum pallidum). The lipid complex of S. pallidum included glycolipids in an amount of 35.1%, neutral lipids – 26.4%, phospholipids – 8.4%, as well as photosynthetic pigments – 30.1% of the total lipids. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was 63.5% of the total fatty acids, of which PUFAs of the n-6 family prevailed (46.5%), the amount of PUFAs of the n-3 family was 17%. Under conditions of fat load, the effect of the lipid complex of S. pallidum and the reference drug Omega-3 on the parameters of lipid metabolism and antioxidant protection in the blood plasma and liver of rats was studied. The fat load was carried out by feeding the animals for 30 days with a standard vivary diet with the addition of 2% cholesterol and 20% beef tallow of the total formulation. The addition of the S. pallidum lipid complex (1 g/kg of body weight) to the fat diet had a hypolipidemic effect, which manifested in the restoration of weight characteristics (body and specific liver’s weight), parameters of liver lipid metabolism (cholesterol, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids), esterifying function of the liver, as well as the content of lipoproteins in the blood plasma. The combined action of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in the lipid complex of S. pallidum promoted the induction of enzymes of the glutathione circle, providing the antioxidant defense system of the organism. The lipid complex of the brown seaweed S. pallidum was not inferior to the reference preparation Omega-3 in restoration of lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense system of animals on a high-fat diet, and even surpassed that in some parameters.

Chemical Characterization, Antitumor, and Immune-Enhancing Activities of Polysaccharide from Sargassum pallidum

Searching for natural products with antitumor and immune-enhancing activities is an important aspect of cancer research. Sargassum pallidum is an edible brown alga that has been used in Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of tumors. However, the purification and application of its active components are still insufficient. In the present study, the polysaccharides from S. pallidum (SPPs) with antitumor and immune-enhancing activities were isolated and purified, and five polysaccharide fractions (SPP-0.3, SPP-0.5, SPP-0.7, SPP-1, and SPP-2) were obtained. The ratio of total saccharides, monosaccharide composition, and sulfated contents was determined, and their structures were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, bioactivity analysis showed that all five fractions had significant antitumor activity against three types of cancer cells (A549, HepG2, and B16), and can induce cancer cell apoptosis. In addition, the results indicated that SPPs can enhance the proliferation of immune cells and improve the expression levels of serum cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, and TNF-α). SPP-0.7 was identified as the most active fraction and selected for further purification, and its physicochemical properties and antitumor mechanism were further analyzed. Transcriptome sequencing result showed that SPP-0.7 can significantly induce the cell apoptosis, cytokine secretion, and cellular stress response process, and inhibit the normal physiological processes of cancer cells. Overall, SPPs and SPP-0.7 may be suitable for use as potential candidate agents for cancer therapy.

MERCURY IN BIOINDICATORS OF THE COASTAL WATERS OF VLADIVOSTOK IN SUMMER 2020

Определены концентрации ртути в талломах массовых видов водорослей-биоиндикаторов родов Ulva lactuca, Ulvaria splendens, Sargassum miyabei, Sargassum pallidum, из прибрежных вод вокруг г. Владивостока Японского моря за летний период 2020 г. Содержание Hg варьируется от 5,8 до 41,4 нг/г сухой массы. Наибольшая концентрация наблюдается в ульве, отобранной из района бывшего полигона ТБО «Горностай», где ранее отмечались повышенные концентрации Cu, Pb, Fe, Zn. Отмечена тенденция уменьшения концентраций ртути в водорослях с июня по июль, как для ульвы, так и для саргассума. Водоросли вокруг Владивостока содержат очень низкие концентрации ртути и не превышают ПДК промысловых водорослей – 500 нг/г сухой массы. Полученные концентрации соответствуют величине Q1 – 25 процентилю общемировой выборки для зеленых и в основном Q1 для бурых, что говорит об отсутствии загрязнения ртутью литоральной зоны вокруг г. Владивосток в исследуемый период. The concentrations of mercury in mass species of algae - bioindicators of the genera Ulva lactuca, Ulvaria splendens, Sargassum miyabei, Sargassum pallidum, from coastal waters around Vladivostok, the Sea of Japan in summer of 2020 were determined. The Hg concentrations varies from 5.8 to 41.4 ng / g dry weight. The highest concentration is observed in the Ulva, taken from the area of the former landfill "Gornostay", where previously there were increased concentrations of Cu, Pb, Fe, Zn in algae. A tendency of a decrease in mercury concentrations in algae from June to July was noted for both Ulva and Sargassum in connection of atmosphera precipitations decreasing. Algae around Vladivostok contained very low concentrations of mercury and did not exceed the MPC for commercial algae - 500 ng / g dry weight. The obtained concentrations correspond to the value of Q1 - the 25th percentile of the global sample for green algae and mainly Q1 for brown ones, which indicates the absence of mercury contamination of the littoral zone around Vladivostok during the study period.

Influence of Sargassum pallidum and the synergistic interaction mechanism of 6-gingerol and poricoic acid A on inhibiting ovalbumin glycation

This study aimed to investigate the antiglycation capacity of Sargassum pallidum extract on ovalbumin (OVA) glycation, and the interaction mechanism of its active compounds, including 6-gingerol (6G) and poricoic acid A (PA).

Using of brown algae Sargassum pallidum as raw materials for extraction of fucoxanthin

Fucoxanthin is a widespread carotenoid contained in tissues of brown algae, known by its antitumor activity and ability to suppress cancer cells growth. Its inclusion into diet prevents accumulation of the body fat and regulates level of glucose and insulin in the blood. Fucoxanthin can be considered as a promising nutritional supplement for suppressing obesity. Extraction of fucoxanthin from brown algae Sargassum pallidum is investigated under various conditions. The samples of algae were collected in different sites at Primorye coast in 2018–2019. Two types of the preparations were used ― frozen and dried. The frozen preparations were stored under temperature of –18 оC no more than 30 days. For the dried preparations, fresh algae were dried in a dark room by air fan under temperature of +18–+20 оC and then crushed to powder and stored in dark place under the same temperature no more than 6 months. Content of dry substance in the preparations was 16.4 ± 1.0 % for frozen algae and 93.6 ± 1.0 % for dried algae. Fucoxanthin was extracted from these preparations by method of alcohol extraction using the ethanol water solution in ratio of 1 : 10 during 24 hours in a dark place, then the solution was filtered or centrifuged. Concentration of fucoxanthin in the filtered solution was measured in spectrophotometer relative to a standard solution (ethanol 96 %) with wavelength of 350–800 nm. Yield of fucoxanthin was higher from the frozen preparations, but more ethanol was consumed for its extraction in comparison with extraction from the dried preparations. Besides, the dried preparations were processed during 1 day with the ethanol solution in concentration 96, 88, 84, 80, and 76 %, under various temperature. Yield of fucoxanthin decreased with temperature increasing: the optimal temperature was +7 оC, so the room temperature could not be recommended for extraction. The optimum concentration of ethanol for fucoxanthin extraction was 80 ± 2%.