TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR MONITORING EMERGENCY SITUATIONS WITH A RADIATION FACTOR IN THE ADJACENT RADIOACTIVELY POLLUTED AREAS OF RUSSIA AND BELARUS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Олег Николаевич Апанасюк ◽  
Игорь Борисович Антоновский
Keyword(s):  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
Chernobyl Disaster ◽  
Emergency Situations

Описан состав и основные характеристики технических средств мониторинга чрезвычайных ситуаций с радиационным фактором на сопредельных радиоактивно загрязненных вследствие катастрофы на Чернобыльской АЭС территориях России и Беларуси, предназначенных для обеспечения оперативного проведения аварийно-спасательных и других неотложных работ. Describes the composition and main characteristics of technical means for monitoring emergency situations with a radiation factor in the adjacent territories of Russia and Belarus contaminated by the Chernobyl disaster, designed to ensure prompt rescue and other urgent work.

Military Industry Evacuation at the Beginning of World War II and the NKVD

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Uta G. Lagvilava ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Industry ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Internal Affairs

A few months after the fascist Germany’s attack on the USSR, under harsh wartime conditions, at the end of 1941 military industry of the Soviet Union began to produce such a quantity of military equipment that subsequently was providing not only replenishment of losses, but also improvement of technical equipment of the Red Army forces . Successful production of military equipment during World War II became one of the main factors in the victory over fascism. One of the unlit pages in affairs of the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD) is displacement and evacuation of a huge number of enterprises and people to the east, beyond the Urals, which were occupied by German troops at the beginning of the war in the summer of 1941. All this was done according to the plans developed with direct participation of NKVD, which united before the beginning and during the war departments now called the Ministry of Internal Affairs, FSB, SVR, the Russian Guard, Ministry of Emergency Situations, FAPSI and several smaller ones. And all these NKVD structures during the war were headed by Lavrenty Pavlovich Beria.

scholarly journals Info-Communication Experts in The Defence Sector: Vocational Training Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Tibor Farkas ◽  
Erika Hronyecz
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Training ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Communication Support ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Human Element ◽  
Defence Sector ◽  
And Control ◽  
Vocational Training Program ◽  
And Training

Abstract Nowadays, international and national events clearly point out the need for cooperation between different defense organizations in crisis and emergency situations (disaster events, migration issues, and other emergencies) for successful tasks. The fundamental basis of this cooperation is always the command and control activity supported by modern technical equipment that ensures the coordinated implementation of tasks. The key, human element of info-communication support is the preparation and training of the successful professionals. In this paper, the authors intend to present the importance of vocational training.

scholarly journals Organization of medical care in FMBA institutions of the siberian federal district during the pandemic of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19): challenges and solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
A. O. Fetisov ◽  
E. I. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Medical Information System ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Rational Distribution ◽  
Medical Institutions

Introduction. The experience of organization of medical activity in the medical institutions subordinate to the FMBA of Russia in the Siberian Federal District during the I-III epidemic waves of COVID-19, the procedure for making and implementing organization and managerial decisions on building the health care system; the analysis of the experience gained in the formation and operation of consolidated mobile emergency response teams was made.Materials and methods. The study was performed on the basis of the statistical data, regulations on the organization of medical care for patients diagnosed with COVID-19, including medical care provision in the extreme conditions.Results and Discussion. The rational distribution of infectious diseases hospitals, human resources and equipment made it possible to create bed capacity reserve, as a result of which, even during the peak episodes of the pandemic process, the average occupancy of beds in the serviced area was no more than 92-93% and there was always the possibility to receive new patients in hospitals; the capacity of the laboratory was gradually increased 25 times: from 200 tests per day in the pre-pandemic period to 5,000 tests per day. Thanks to the introduction of the new management solutions, digitalization of medical processes has been ensured: accounting of results in the medical information system, transmission of results directly to medical institutions within 12-14 hours, which is 4 times faster than the standard time. The legal regulations of interaction with the rescue centres of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, the Ministry of Defense and other power structures, the improvement of the material and technical equipment of basic mobile hospitals and emergency medical teams were proposed for discussion.Conclusion. A scheme has been worked out for the involvement of the MOF of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia in the timely organizational measures for mobilization of forces and means in order to ensure the re-profiling of medical activities to work on providing medical care in the COVID-19 pandemic conditions.

scholarly journals JAPAN'S ECONOMIC POLICY IN ARMENIA (1992-2021)

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-184
Author(s):  
Yeva HARUTYUNYAN
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
The Republic

The purpose of this article is to show the economic policy of Japan towards Armenia after the establishment of Armenian-Japanese diplomatic relations. The article presents three phases of Japan's economic policy, taking into account the type of assistance provided by Japan to Armenia, which is correlated with Armenia's economic and GDP’s growth. The first phase covers 1992-99, during which bilateral economic relations were limited to grant assistance provided by Japan to Armenia, with the aim of supporting the economic recovery of the newly independent state and ensuring sustainable economic growth. The second phase (2000-04) marked the beginning of economic cooperation between the two countries. Due to its stable economic growth, Armenia received loans from Japan for developing economic infrastructures. During the third phase (2005- up to date) Japan has expanded its cooperation with the Republic of Armenia and begun to provide technical equipment for the development of targeted sectors. At this stage, Japan clearly defined the direction of its assistance and the sectors necessary for the stimulation of the Armenian economy, in particular, the energy sector, small and medium-sized businesses, as well as the development of villages. Japan also greatly supports Armenia by providing Japanese technologies for risk prevention in natural disaster zones and organizing training courses and discussion- meetings for Armenian specialists aimed to promote capacity building on the implementation of disaster risk reduction and emergency situations. Since 2018, Japan has begun to consider Armenia as a full-fledged economic entity, and review the possibility to build mutually beneficial economic relations. The main witnesses are the signed agreement on investment liberalization in 2018, the visit of Japanese Foreign Minister Taro Kono to Armenia for developing bilateral relations in the fields of banking, innovation, food security, information technology, artificial intelligence, cultural exchange, scientific and educational projects, as well as active contacts of Armenian President with Japanese organizations.

scholarly journals Influence of the technical equipment on the educational process

Eduweb ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
Elena A. Ostanina
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Destabilizing Factors ◽  
Negative Factors

Currently, the relevance of the study is due to external global challenges, which include COVID-19 pandemic, which provoked an emergency in a number of countries. Assessment of the psychological state of participants in the educational process and its normalization can help to minimize the decline in the quality of education. The purpose of this study is to identify the possibility of organizing a high-quality distance learning process by identifying negative factors and leveling their impact during emergency situations and situations close to them. The study identifiedinternal and external factors affecting the psychological state of teachers. The correlation between the harmony of the teacher's personality and successful labor activity has been substantiated. In the course of the work, the problem of changing the technical equipment of participants in the educational process during an emergency and close to it was revealed. As a result of the research, the author came to a well-grounded conclusion that the psychological state of the participants in the learning processhas a significant impact on the educational process when organizing distance learning. The most significant in this regard is the psychoemotional state of the teacher as the organizer of the process and mentor. The article provides a number of recommendations for leveling the destabilizing factors that have a negative impact on the psychological state of the participants in the learning process and affect its quality.

Decontamination of Contaminated Areas, Environmental Objects and Infrastructure of Settlements in Radiation Accidents

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
B. Galushkin ◽  
L. Bogdanova ◽  
A. Molokanov
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Radiation Accidents ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Purpose: To consider the issues of physical-mechanical decontamination of contaminated territories, environmental objects and infrastructure of settlements during a radiation accident and to develop a mathematical tool for evaluating forces and means during physical-mechanical decontamination. Materials and methods: Analyzed possible contamination of territories and facilities with radioactive materials during the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (NPP) and the Japanese Fukushima Daiichi NPP, the methods used for decontamination and technical means, and the effectiveness of their use. The experience in dealing with the consequences of large scale radiation accidents at NPP, including the Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi NPPs, shows that the decontamination of contaminated territories and settlements is a very time-consuming and costly undertaking, which is carried out to resume economic activity on large contaminated areas. To carry out such work, it is required to evaluate the needful amount of various sets of technical equipment involved, as well as the involvement of numerous organizations with their specialists and personnel. Results: The issues of physical-mechanical decontamination of roads and sections of the terrain, forest land, soil, buildings and structures and technical equipment are considered. The mathematical tool for evaluation the forces and means involved in decontamination measures is given. The developed methodological approaches can be used to assess the necessary forces and means, responding to emergency incidents of a different nature: in responding spills of oil and its products, disinfection of various objects and in other emergency situations. Conclusion: The developed calculation tool allows evaluate the forces and means necessary for decontamination in a contaminated area.

scholarly journals Hybrid monitoring concept development. Modeling of pulse height spectra of gamma-radiation emitted from radioactive cloud released from NPP

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
R.I. Bakin ◽  
◽  
A.A. Kiselev ◽  
E.A. Ilichev ◽  
M.A. Shvedov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Concept Development ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Radiation Spectra ◽  
Radioactive Cloud

In emergency situations with the release of radioactivity to the environment, possible radiation doses to the affected public are estimated with computational modeling. However, it should be noted that the estimates to a certain degree depend on various calculation parameters that may make the predicted radiation doses inconclusive. To reduce occurring uncertainties is possible by adjusting estimated outcomes with measurement data. The gamma-radiation spectra from the released radioactive cloud is measured by systems for radiation situation monitoring in the area surrounding the source of radioactive materials release. The feasibility study aimed at obtaining information needed for improvement of radiation doses estimates quality should be carried out. Due to certain problems related to performance of experimental work, there is the need to devel-op new approach to calculate gamma-spectra of radioactivity emitted from the released cloud. The solution of this problem will allow to select the parameters of equipment and measurement parameters necessary for adjusting the forecasts of radiation doses to the population in a case of accidents with a radiation factor based on the results of processing gamma radiation spectra.

scholarly journals Operational Teams' Preparation in Environmental Health Rapid Response: Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in Response to the Earthquake Scenario (Designing an Exercise)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Jalou ◽  
Mohsen Nouri ◽  
Marzieh Rohani-Rasaf ◽  
Somaieh Roohani- Majd ◽  
Mohammad Dashti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Earthquake Scenario ◽  
Emergency Situations

Introduction: Natural disasters are usually a series of unpredictable incidents, which do not originate from humans. With regard to the occurrence of unexpected factors such as earthquakes, floods, and fires, individual and social preparations must be increased in the crisis management. Methods: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the preparation of operational teams to provide an effective response to earthquakes. The statistical population included the experts of environmental health and disaster risk reduction management in the healthcare centers of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The participants were categorized into 20 operational teams. The necessary equipment of the participating teams was evaluated by checklists. Results: The results showed that 76.2 percent of the teams had the required equipment to control the drinking water and dispose the wastewater. Furthermore, 58 percent had the required equipment for disasters' conditions and 78.1 percent had the equipment to spray and disinfect in the emergency situations. In addition, about 90 percent of the vehicles used in training were appropriate for emergencies, 95 percent of teams observed the standards to setup tents, deployed the equipment, and had the needed proficiency skills. Moreover, 81.3 percent of the operational team authorities had sufficient skills to work with technical equipment. Conclusion: The presence of teams in the response phase in the East Azerbaijan earthquake in 2011 and the acquisition of field experiences led to their technical coherence, made them familiar with facilities, and equipped the operational teams. We suggest the authorities to conduct executive training according to the designed twice a year based on the response plan of the deputy of health department two times a year.

scholarly journals Organizing effective ship emergency squad subject to expenses on equipment and personnel training

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Artemy Vladimirovich Matonin ◽  
Kseniya Vyacheslavovna Penkovskaya ◽  
Vyacheslav Ivanovich Menshikov
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Guidance Documents ◽  
Ship Operation

The paper focuses on the problem of the ship operation when it is necessary to provide survivability for the ship to overcome the effects of the external environment during the voyage, failures of technical equipment, and errors of the human factor. To maintain the ship’s survivability, the guidance documents recommend providing the emergency squad with the resource that is necessary to maintain the ship’s survivability in emergency situations. It is said that in the struggle for survivability of the ship each member of the emergency squad in real time should evaluate not only the technical and organizational equipment of the squad, but also the degree of readiness of the human factor, especially practical skills. The approach to the model of fighting for survivability of a ship associates functioning of the emergency squad first of all with the reliability of preventive measures of technical means and the effectiveness of professional training of emergency squad personnel. Within the framework of the policy of constant and comprehensive training of the emergency squad personnel, the ship and company authorities need to reduce using technical and organizational resources to a minimum level. The costs of training shipboard specialists from the emergency squad should also be minimized, but to the point where the specialist, obtaining the sufficient skills to fight for survivability justify the costs incurred

Das rupturierte infrarenale Aortenaneurysma – eine kritische Analyse

VASA ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bürger ◽  
Meyer ◽  
Tautenhahn ◽  
Halloul
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Rupture ◽  
Anesthetic Management ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Apache Ii ◽  
Apache Ii Score ◽  
Infrarenal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Probability Of Death

Background: Objective evaluation of the management of patients with ruptured infrarenal aortic aneurysm in emergency situations has been described rarely. Patients and methods: Fifty-two consecutive patients with ruptured infrarenal aortic aneurysm (mean age, 70.3 years; range, 56–89 years; SD 7.8) were admitted between January 1993 and March 1998. Emergency protocols, final reports, and follow-up data were analyzed retrospectively. APACHE II scores at admission and fifth postoperative day were assessed. Results: The time between the appearance of first symptoms and the referral of patients to the hospital was more than 5 hours in 37 patients (71%). Thirty-eight patients (71%) had signs of shock at time of admission. Ultrasound was performed in 81% of patients as the first diagnostic procedure. The most frequent site of aortic rupture was the left retroperitoneum (87%). Intraoperatively, acute left ventricular failure occurred in four patients, and cardiac arrest in two others. The postoperative course was complicated significantly in 34 patients. The overall mortality rate was 36.5% (n = 19). In 35 patients, APACHE II score was assessed, showing a probability of death of more than 40% in five patients and lower than 30% in 17 others. No patient showing probability of death of above 75% at the fifth postoperative day survived (n = 7). Conclusions: Ruptured aortic aneurysm demands surgical intervention. Clinical outcome is also influenced by preclinical and anesthetic management. The severity of disease as well as the patient’s prognosis can be approximated using APACHE II score. Treatment results of heterogenous patient groups can be compared.

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