Emotional intelligence Vs normative behavior of juvenile male convicts

In recent years, the level of crime among young people has increased, so there is a need to improve the methods of education and correction of such persons, which is why the in-depth study of the emotional intelligence of the convict is relevant. Based on empirical data, the components of emotional intelligence of male juveniles with normative behavior and convicts were compared. The following research methods were used: semantic, sociological (observation, interviewing, psychodiagnostic testing), comparative analysis, and correlation analysis. The study found that the level of emotional intelligence of juvenile convicts is lower than the emotional intelligence of normative behavior. Convicts have a lower level of understanding and control of their emotions, reduced empathy, which is expressed in the inability to consciously interpret the emotional state of another person, and reduced control over their expression. The above directly proportionally affects the ability of juveniles to commit criminal offenses, so it is necessary to purposefully influence and develop emotional intelligence and emotional competence in juvenile male convicts. Based on the constant analysis of the emotional intelligence of convicts, it is possible to more effectively identify and eliminate the causes and conditions that contribute to the commission of offenses and anti-social actions.

Gender and age characteristics of resilience of adolescents with sustainable illegal behavior

The article presents the results of an empirical study aimed at analyzing hardiness of 14–17 year-olds with persistent illegal behavior (n = 118) in comparison with their peers who demonstrate conditionally normal behavior (n = 117). The assessment of hardiness was carried out with the use of the short version of the Hardiness Test by E. I. Rasskazova and E. N. Osin. The results show that adolescents with persistent illegal behavior are characterized by lower indicators of hardiness, in comparison with adolescents with conditionally normative behavior, and this trend is manifested both in the analysis of the total indicator and particular indicators of hardiness. The analysis of changes in the total and particular indicators of hardiness (performed with the cross-section method) identifies a trend associated with consistent increase in hardiness indicators among adolescents with persistent illegal behavior, while in adolescents form comparison group these indicators decrease. The analysis of gender differences allows us to establish that the trend to increasing hardiness in the group of adolescents with persistent illegal behavior is characteristic of girls, while the hardiness of boys who make up this group decreases as they grow up, as well as in their peers with conditionally normative behavior. The necessity of a differentiated approach to the psychological support of the personal development of boys and girls with persistent illegal behavior is discussed.

STABLE COLLOCATIONS WITH THE COMPONENT CHINITI IN THE RUSSIAN CHARTERS OF THE XIII-XVII CENTURIES

The article discusses various definitions of the term stability, as well as criteria for identifying stable collocations, and analyzes the features of using stable collocations with the verb chiniti in the texts of old Russian charters, presented in the Russian National corpus. It was discovered that the stable collocations, contained in the charters, were used to fix various official situations, the most frequent among them were situations of committing an action that doesn`t meet the standards (disputes, disagreements, rudeness, violence, cruelty, damage, harassment, oppression). It is determined that most of the analyzed stable collocations are not used in modern Russian language. It is concluded that the verb chiniti used to have a generalized meaning and wide compatibility, the meaning was concretized over time, and the verb was used only to indicate an action that deviates from normative behavior.

Study on Behavior Formation of College Students in Private Universities

Based on the study of anomie behavior of college students in a private university, on the basis of analyzing the influencing factors of college students' behavior, from the perspective of private universities, this paper discusses the mechanism of anomie behavior recognition-behavior guidance and training-normative behavior strengthening of college students' normative behavior formation.

THE FEATURES OF COPING STRATEGIES IN ADOLESCENCE

The article considers the features of coping strategies in adolescence. The article aim is to study and analyze adolescents’ coping strategies and the coping features characteristic for delinquent adolescents. To achieve this goal, the authors solved the following tasks: to analyze the peculiarities of coping behavior in adolescence and to determine its connection with behavioral disorders, to identify life situations especially difficult for adolescents, to identify leading coping strategies in adolescents and to conduct comparative analysis of coping strategies used by delinquent adolescents and adolescents with normative behavior. The authors analyzed maladaptive coping strategies: confrontation strategy, escape-avoidance strategy, distancing strategy; as well as adaptive coping strategies: positive reassessment, self-control and responsibility, social support and planning. Overcoming difficult life situations requires mobilization of personal resources, which is manifested in coping strategies. Their features largely depend on personal characteristics, life experience and situational factors that determine the individual uniqueness of mastering strategies. Among the variety of coping strategies, there are emotional, cognitive and behavioral coping. The coping strategies that focus on problem solving, seeking social support and avoidance are basic. The authors conducted the study with two groups of adolescents with normative and delinquent behavior and found that adolescents with normative behavior, unlike delinquents, were not prone to aggressive efforts and risks in solving difficult situations. At the same time, delinquent adolescents were characterized by maladaptive coping strategies. Copings are aimed at adapting a person to the requirements of a situation, mitigating its requirements, avoiding or getting used to them. In general, it reduces the impact of a difficult situation, ensures and maintains an individual’s physical and mental health, well-being, and satisfaction with social relations. The obtained results indicate that adolescents with normative behavior in difficult life situations are more active in making arbitrary, problem-focused efforts to change the situation; they make more efforts to analyze ways to solve the problem than delinquent adolescents. Adolescents with normative behavior are prone to: planning, positive reassessment, self-control, acceptance of responsibility, and also have a low level of stress in copings. Delinquents clearly have a tendency to the maladaptive “avoiding problem” strategy. They are prone to confrontation, avoidance, detonation. Delinquent adolescents experience more difficult situations. The coping system of adolescents with delinquent behavior is more intense, which indicates that they experience higher levels of stress. In adolescence, coping behavior is actively formed and is a prerequisite for psychological well-being. It aims to improve adolescents’ adaptation and is manifested through a set of coping strategies. The studied causes of delinquent behavior show that they are closely related to coping strategies. When delinquency is development, maladaptive behavioral patterns are formed that prevent adequate coping with stressful situations. This is confirmed by the data obtained during the study. A comparison of coping strategies of the studied groups shows a qualitative difference in the structure of coping in difficult life situations for adolescents with normative and delinquent behavior. The data obtained will expand the understanding of the causes underlying adolescents’ destructive behavior. The authors’ study is of practical importance, its results can be used by psychologists and social educators to identify ways to optimize mental development of all adolescents and adolescents with delinquent behavior, in particular through the purposeful formation of more effective coping strategies.

Regulatory Behavior in the COVID-19 Pandemic: How to Get Students to Comply with It?

Regulatory Behavior in the COVID-19 Pandemic: How to Get Students to Comply with It? Objective. Determine the targets and methods of psychological and pedagogical work that aimed increasing the specific normativity of students' behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular, on compliance with the mask regime. Background. Due to the situation with COVID-19 pandemic many countries all over the world, including in Russia, introduced the number of tough measures which restricted the behavior and interaction of people. The study focuses on such acute issues as the attitudes of different social groups toward both the disease itself and the measures to combat it, clarification of the reasons and motivations for individuals’ compliance/non-compliance with normative behavior during the pandemic. The coronavirus pandemic actualizes the problems of providing practical psychological assistance to people, including young people, who experience stress and who have difficulties with coping with this situation. Study design. The study was conducted during the increasing spread of the disease and the introduction of an isolation regime. The data obtained was analyzed with reference to the time of the research participants’ questionnaire completion: the first group of students filled the Google forms from 9th to 23rd November 2020 (stage 1); the second group — from 24th November to 8th December 2020 (stage 2). The research analyzed students’ social representations of the pandemic and measures to combat it; peculiarities of attitudes toward various aspects of COVID-19 and toward the normative behavior of young people during the pandemic; subjective experience of danger of the disease and the dominant coping strategies associated with them. Participants. 565 undergraduate students from various faculties of the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education (MGPPU): 504 females, 61males. Measurements. Anonymous survey included closed questions; method of prototypical analysis of social representations (P. Verges); Self-perceived flexible coping with stress (SFCS); The Fear of COVID-19 Scale; SPSS Statistics 20 package (contingency tables with the calculation of the Pearson χ2 test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests). Results. Students showed a diverse and often controversial views on COVID-19 and ways prevent its spread. At the core of social representations of the pandemic and protective masks, the most popular are those that reflect the personal restrictions imposed by the pandemic, the inconvenience and displeasure resulted from the compliance with these restrictions . To a smaller extent, there is a fear of getting sick. There are practically no social representations associated with concern over other people, that express a pro-social position. In relation to the mechanisms of compliance with restrictive measures, the opinions of students are heterogeneous: some support the introduction of strict restrictions and consider it rational to have strict external control, while others believe that the fulfillment of sanitary and epidemiological requirements should be an independent decision of a person. The study found the predominant choice of situational and multiple coping strategies by students in response to the emergence of the pandemic situation and the relationship between these types of coping with low level of subjective fear. Nevertheless, with the deterioration of the pandemic situation, students' assessments of the means of informing about COVID-19 and strategies to combat it changed: at the first stage of the study students considered specialists (doctors, scientists) as a reference group, at the second stage — parents and close circle. Social media turned out to be the most insignificant source of information. Main conclusions. The data obtained make it possible to identify the main targets of psychological and pedagogical work with students and to determine the main methods of this work which should include the activity-based inclusion in the solution of group tasks aimed at optimizing the life of people in a pandemic. According to the results of the study, a group of students stood out with a high level of fear experience (32%) and a tendency to non-constructive ways of coping. These students require targeted psychological assistance. As an illustration of the active involvement of students to the problem of COVID prevention, the article describes a competition of creative works of different directions organized by the Faculty of Social Psychology of Moscow State University of Psychology and Education on the topic medical masks use in the context of the "Marathon of Masks" pandemic.

Reflection of the Clergy Ethos in the State of the Dioceses Reports on Eastern Siberia (the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Centurу)

This article examines the reports on the status of the Irkutsk, Yenisei and Trans-Baikal dioceses as a source for studying the clergy ethos, which is defined as the correlation of normative values with their practical activities and everyday behavior. The author reconstructs the normative model of behavior of the white clergy and its transformation in connection with the change in the objective conditions of its activities. The author analyzes the ideas of the diocesan leadership about the differences between “what is” and “what is proper” in the clergy pastoral activities, causes, consequences and measures to overcome these differences. The content of the reports allows us to conclude that in the late 19 – early 20 centuries there was a certain “worldliness” (Great Apostasy) of the clergy ethos, since the normative behavior model implies an increase in the responsibility of the parish clergy not only for pastoral, but also for public service.

Attribute accessibility, normative influence, and the effect of classical and country music on willingness to pay for social identity and utilitarian products

Previous studies indicate that background classical music is associated with customers in retail and leisure premises being prepared to pay more for various products and services. This online experiment tests whether these effects are due to music increasing the salience of valued product attributes (attribute accessibility hypothesis) or to a demand characteristic wherein music implies a norm to purchase expensive items (normative behavior hypothesis). A 3 (type of music—classical, country, no music, between subjects) × 2 (type of product—social identity or utilitarian, within subjects) × 2 (high vs. low incentive for accuracy, between subjects) mixed design was used in which participants stated the specific amount they would be prepared to pay for 30 products using free-choice format. Results showed a Music × Type of Product interaction, such that preparedness to spend was higher in the classical music condition but only in the case of social identity products. This is more consistent with the attribute accessibility hypothesis than the normative behavior hypothesis, and various commercial and practical consequences of these findings are discussed.