Traumatic exungulation in cattle: ten cases (1993–2018)

OBJECTIVE To describe clinical findings, treatments, and outcomes for cattle with complete traumatic exungulation. ANIMALS 10 bovines. PROCEDURES Record databases of 2 teaching hospitals were searched to identify cattle treated for traumatic exungulation between January 1993 and December 2018. Information about signalment, clinical signs and findings, treatment, and outcome was extracted from the records or obtained by telephone communication with the owner. RESULTS Records for 5 bulls, 4 heifers, and 1 cow with a median age of 2 years (range, 1 day to 10 years) and weight of 379.1 kg (range, 30 to 909.1 kg) were reviewed. Duration of clinical signs ranged from ≤ 24 hours to 3.5 days. Five of 7 animals had a lameness score > 3/5. Complete exungulation occurred in 6 medial digits (3 hind limbs and 3 forelimbs) and 5 lateral digits (1 hind limb and 4 forelimbs); 1 calf had complete exungulation of both digits of a forelimb. Treatments included bandaging (n = 9), antimicrobials (9), anti-inflammatories (8), hoof block application to the adjacent digit (7), regional anesthesia (6), cast application (4), curettage of the third phalanx (3), regional antimicrobial perfusion (1), and local application of antimicrobial-impregnated beads (1). All 7 cattle with long-term (≥ 9 months) information available returned to their intended function; 6 had no residual lameness, and 3 required regular corrective trimming of the affected digit. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested the prognosis for long-term survival and return to intended function is fair to good for cattle with complete exungulation.

Reforming Calvinism

This chapter explores the rationalist slant of Calvinism, identifying its roots in the Reformation and its enmeshment with modern epistemology. Overly rational Calvinism participates in a disintegrated theological anthropology in which the mind is set as guard over the unruly emotions, will, and body. In conversation with performance theory, the author argues that the Reformed emphasis on texts has not served its intended function as a safeguard from superstition and idolatry, but rather contributed to myriad forms of oppression. A more integrated vision of the self, embodied in whole-personed religious disciplines, would be more consistent with Calvin’s theology, with the goals of the Reformation, and with the biblical tradition of prophets as those who resist religious abuse and idolatry. In particular, practices of prayer and intentional formation to instil Christian affections could continue the ongoing reformation of Calvinist traditions.

Bioresorbable Composites and Implant

Different biomaterials in the form of ceramics, metal alloys, composites, glasses, polymers, etc. have gained wide-range acceptance in the realm of medical sciences. Bioimplants from such biomaterials have been constructed and used widely for different clinical applications. With the continual progress, biomaterials that may be resorbed inside the body have been developed. These have done away with the major challenge of removal of an implant after it has served its intended function. Important factors are taken into consideration in design and development of implants from such biomaterials are mechanical properties, degradation rate, surface modification, rate of corrosion, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. Given the importance of such materials in clinical applications, the chapter presents an overview of the bioresorable composites and their implants. The related properties and the functions served have been outlined briefly. Further, the challenges associated and the remedies to overcome them have also been delineated.

Classes of Grammarians East and West: Ṭabaqāt al-naḥwiyyīn wa-l-lughawiyyīn of al-Zubaydī and Marātib al-naḥwiyyīn of Abū l-Ṭayyib al-Lughawī

This article focuses on the internal organization of two biographical works about grammarians of Arabic: al-Zubaydī’s Ṭabaqāt and Abū l-Ṭayyib’s Marātib. An analysis of the macrostructure — the overall arrangement of the material in chapters or sections — and of the microstructure — the selection of information given in single entries — makes it possible to identify the criteria the authors used to organize their information and to highlight differences in their arrangement. This also allows us to understand the intended function of these works, as well as the aims and motives of their authors.

Some Issues Regarding Artifacts

"When it comes to artifacts, the functional accounts define them as objects that have an intended function. This function is considered essential for them and is used to classify artifacts and differentiate them. However, functional accounts of artifacts face some serious criticism. It seems that a function is neither essential, nor sufficient for an artifact. Thomasson offers a new perspective on artifacts. The author defines artifacts based on their intended feature. A feature may, of course, be a function but does not have to be just that. Generally speaking, intended features are norms of how to treat that specific artifact. Such an account is able to escape the criticism raised against functional accounts. In this article is presented Baker’s functional account of artifacts and some criticism that can be raised for such an account. The second part of the article critically introduces Thomasson’s account for artifacts. The aim of this article is to support Thomasson’s account against a functional perspective. Keywords: artifacts, mind-dependent objects, intended function, natural kinds, intended feature, Amie Thomasson, L. R. Baker"

Picture and text: on the “iconography” of sacred spaces in middle-Byzantine ekphraseis

The present contribution engages with two representative examples of middle-Byzantine ekphraseis, Photios’ description of the Virgin of the Pharos and Leo VI’s account of the church founded by Stylianos Zautzes. It aims at showing how these texts suggest modes of viewing the sacred space and decoration that pose, more than settle, questions about images and pictures, their intended function, significance and impact within their specific cultural frames of reference. Far from being neutral and disengaged, these verbal representations have a specific agenda, which inflects the audience’s perception and interpretation of the decorated church space. Comparisons with coeval monumental evidence are also offered, in order to analyze textual and visual developments in parallel.

The Remains of Humanity

In this autoethnographic article, I examine the presentation of human remains at memorials commemorating the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, focusing on witnessing and voyeurism. Drawing on my own and others’ experiences visiting these memorials, I address the following questions: How do we represent humans who are no longer living? How do we conceptualize the humanity of human remains produced by violent means? This article examines these questions through an engagement with literary representations of Rwanda’s dead, specifically Boubacar Boris Diop’s Murambi: The Book of Bones and Koulsy Lamko’s La Phalène Des Collines (A Butterfly in the Hills), as well as analysis of my field notes and diary entries regarding my personal responses to genocide memorials I visited in Rwanda. Whereas previous scholarship has focused primarily on the intended function of the memorials and the anticipated response of their visitors, by concentrating on affective and aesthetic responses to the dead, I address something in between: the aesthetic perception of human remains, particularly in relation to the dignity of the people they were. At stake in this research is who is able to make a claim to humanity and under what theoretical guises.

The Development of Bedridden Assisting Support Equipment (Base) To Reduce the Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Nurses or Patient Handlers

This paper aims to identify the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among nurses or patient handlers and to develop the assisted equipment in order to reduce the risk. The survey questionnaires have been distributed to the nurses in two medical centers in Klang Valley. The results indicated that they are exposed to the risk of WMSDs and one of the tasks contributed to the risk is changing bedridden patient diapers. Based on the interview conducted, there is no equipment available that could be used to assist in diapers changing process, and all the participants agreed on the idea to develop the Bedridden Assisting Support Equipment (BASE). The BASE has been designed and developed with the combination of the mechanical element, counterbalance systems, and ergonomic tools. The BASE is successfully performed its intended function in reducing the physical effort of nurses or patient handlers to change patient’s diapers which indirectly could reduce the risk of WMSDs. In addition, the BASE proved its effectiveness as only one person required when changing the diapers using BASE

Advancement in Dietary Assessment and Self-Monitoring Using Technology

On the surface, some methods to assess and self-monitor dietary intake may be considered similar; however, the intended function of each is quite distinct [...]

Inefficient Force Generation in 3-D Printed Prosthetics

The process of 3-d printing prosthetic hands has been used to make prosthetics more widely available by lowering the cost. However, many of these devices are not mechanically tested once they are constructed and they may not achieve their intended function. This study quantifies the efficiency and magnitude of mechanically activated grip strength in a 3-d printed prosthetic hand. A rig stabilized the hand on a dynamometer at an angle such that added weight created a constant downward force and engaged the grip. We tested the hypothesis that the presence of the hand would act as a friction device and propagate less force on the dynamometer when engaged than weights alone. The results supported the hypothesis and can aid in classifying the function of the hand for certain tasks such as holding a cup. This study can inform new designs to improve the efficiency of grip strength in similar devices. Furthermore, quantitative data on the strength of the fingers can better inform how custom hand devices will be suited to specific tasks.