scholarly journals Sustaining Tribal Fisheries: U.S. Economic Relief Policies during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12366
Author(s):  
Kelsey Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Tribal Sovereignty ◽  
State Spending ◽  
Fishing Rights ◽  
Emergency Relief ◽  
Policy Content ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Trust Responsibility ◽  
Aid Relief

This article reviews the individual spend plans of U.S. states granted a funding allocation under Sec. 12005 of the Coronavirus Aid Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act to identify consistency with legislative mandates to support Tribal commercial, subsistence, cultural, or ceremonial fisheries negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing critical discourse analysis, this study identifies state discursive practices in supporting Tribal sovereignty in fisheries management for the advancement of Indigenous Ocean justice. State spending plans (n = 22) publicly available and submitted to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration before July 2021 were reviewed. Few of the state spend plans listed impacts to Tribal fisheries due to the pandemic. Only two state plans included Tribal consultation and direct economic relief for commercial, subsistence, cultural, and/or ceremonial losses faced by neighboring Tribes and Tribal citizens. Overall, the protections within the CARES Act for Tribal fisheries were not integrated into state spend plans. The article identifies best practices for state fisheries relief policy content that is affirming of Tribal fishing rights and uses them to help address the ongoing pandemic crisis facing Tribal fisheries. These findings have relevance for future emergency relief programs that are inclusive of Tribal Nations. Honoring Tribal sovereignty and the federal trust responsibility must be the cornerstone of shared sustainable fisheries.

scholarly journals A critical discourse analysis of health in Swedish integration policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Svanholm ◽  
E Viitasara ◽  
H Carlerby
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Integration Policies ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Previous research has indicated that migrants risk facing inequities both internationally and in Sweden; integration policies are therefore important to study. How health is described in policies affects how health interventions are approached. A discourse analysis offers a way of understanding how health is framed within the integration policies of the Establishment Program. The aim was to critically analyse the health discourses used in Swedish and European Union (EU) integration policies. Methods A critical discourse analysis, inspired by Fairclough, was performed on integration policies related to Sweden, on local, regional, national and the EU level. The policies of the Establishment Program, which focuses on newly arrived migrants (refugees, persons of subsidiary protection and their relatives who arrived through family reunification), were chosen for the analysis, and 17 documents were analysed in total. Results The analysis of the documents showed that although no definition of health was presented, health discourses were expressed in the form of the medicalization of health and the individualization of health. This not only by the terminology used, but also in how the healthcare sector was considered responsible for any health related issue and how individual health behaviours were of focus in interventions to promote health. Conclusions A pathogenic approach to health was visible in the policies and individual disease prevention was the main health focus. The results showed similarities to previous research highlighting how a particular understanding of health in a neoliberal context is formed. Key messages Health as a resource is missing in the integration policy documents. Viewing health as an individual quality puts the responsibility of promoting health on the individual.

Comprehensive assessment of the citizen wellbeing in the territory of residence: taking into account the changing influence of indicators economic security

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-502
Author(s):  
Alexsandr Kuklin ◽  
Sergey Okhotnikov
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Development ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Current Assessment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

The article considers a generalizing characteristic of the citizen's wellbeing in the territory of residence, assesses indicators based on statistical data, and makes adjustments due to safety indicators. The author's diagnostic technique was used, which includes corrective indicators. For this purpose, the method of express diagnostics was applied, which made it possible to select the 8 most significant from 12 modules and 43 indicators of economic security. The rate of change of each of the 8 indicators was taken into account, which made it possible to determine the changes in these indicators and the predisposition to one degree or another of the socio-economic crisis. A change in the trend of an indicator can lead to the opposite effect at the expense of other main influencing indexes. This takes into account the borderline state of the indicator, namely, its rate of growth or decline and predisposition to a particular crisis zone. The turning zones of the trend of changes in indicators have been determined. The object of the research is the well-being of the individual in the territory of residence for each subject of the Ural Federal District. The authors made an attempt to consider in the analysis not just the population of the subject (the number of people), but also to assess the personality from the standpoint of moral development, the level of education, the available opportunities for spiritual development, the provision of benefits necessary to maintain life and the degree of satisfaction of the needs of the population. This will allow to carry out the current analysis of the state, but also to consider the forecast dynamics of change for the next 2 to 3 years. The results obtained can be used in the current assessment of the socio-economic situation in the regions of Russia, as well as in planning and forecasting individual indicators of individual citizen wellbeing in the territory of residence

The Pandemic's Impact on Credit Risk: Averted or Delayed?

FEDS Notes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2957) ◽  
Author(s):  
SungJe Byun ◽  
◽  
Aaron Game ◽  
Alexander Jiron ◽  
Pavel Kapinos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Bank Failures ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Bank Balance Sheets ◽  
Aid Relief

The COVID-19 recession resulted in historic unemployment and a significant shock to much of the service sector. Despite these macroeconomic challenges, banks' risk-based capital buffers remain high and the number of bank failures remains low. Government relief programs, including the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, both directly and indirectly helped stabilize bank balance sheets during the crisis.

scholarly journals Evolutionary game theory modelling to represent the behavioural dynamics of economic shutdowns and shield immunity in the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 201095 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Ariful Kabir ◽  
Jun Tanimoto
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Game Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Emergency Relief ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Behavioural Dynamics ◽  
At Home

The unprecedented global spread of COVID-19 has prompted dramatic public-health measures like strict stay-at-home orders and economic shutdowns. Some governments have resisted such measures in the hope that naturally acquired shield immunity could slow the spread of the virus. In the absence of empirical data about the effectiveness of these measures, policymakers must turn to epidemiological modelling to evaluate options for responding to the pandemic. This paper combines compartmental epidemiological models with the concept of behavioural dynamics from evolutionary game theory (EGT). This innovation allows us to model how compliance with an economic lockdown might wane over time, as individuals weigh the risk of infection against the certainty of the economic cost of staying at home. Governments can, however, increase spending on social programmes to mitigate the cost of a shutdown. Numerical analysis of our model suggests that emergency-relief funds spent at the individual level are effective in reducing the duration and overall economic cost of a pandemic. We also find that shield immunity takes hold in a population most easily when a lockdown is enacted with relatively low costs to the individual. Our qualitative analysis of a complex model provides evidence that the effects of shield immunity and economic shutdowns are complementary, such that governments should pursue them in tandem.

New regulation of the right to a dignified dying in Spain: Repercussions for nursing

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cayetano Fernández-Sola ◽  
José Granero-Molina ◽  
Gabriel Aguilera Manrique ◽  
Adelaida María Castro-Sánchez ◽  
José Manuel Hernández-Padilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Patient Empowerment ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Discourse Practice

Preserving dignity during the dying process requires reviewing the roles of those involved in the treatment, care methods and decision-making. This article examines the participation and responsibility assigned to nurses regarding decision-making in the final stages of life, as laid out in the Rights to and Guarantee of Dignity for the Individual During the Process of Death Act. This text has been analysed on the levels of socio-cultural practice and discourse practice, using the critical discourse analysis methodology. The results show that, although the law is another result of the social trend of patient empowerment, the responsibility of the nurses is not recognised, and they are left out of the decision-making process in the final stages of life.

scholarly journals (A300) Psycho-Physiological Training of Disaster Medicine Staff

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s84-s84
Author(s):  
G.V. Kipor ◽  
N.K. Pichugina ◽  
B.V. Bobi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Staff ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Functional Asymmetry ◽  
Medical Team ◽  
Team Composition ◽  
Emergency Relief ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Sophisticated Model ◽  
Medical Teams ◽  
The Individual

Training special medical teams to be prepared for delivering emergency relief to the injured requires a special psychological conformity of individuals and mutual inter-understanding based on professional qualifications. The psycho-physiological approach comprises a set of methods of computerized tools for medical staff education, training, and preparedness, keeping in mind the aim of the necessity of mutual activities in triage process, medical care, and decision-making for evacuating injured victims from the emergency site. The goal of this presentation is to expose the battery of new original methods and technologies of staff preparedness in order to realize the maximum conformity of personal composed together in one unique mobile team sent into the situations of emergency accompanied by psychological tension, insufficient volume of info sharing, field conditions, etc. Methods are based on the measurements of the functional asymmetry of brain hemispheres tested by computer-loaded, original software. Several levels of evaluation of functional asymmetry status have been proposed for discussion and for choosing of criteria for the conformity matrix study. These include: (1) a primary table of digital variables characterizing the first level of comparison of psycho-physiological individual regulation obtained for everyone of the emergency medical team permitting to propose the primary team composition; (2) co-efficients of psycho-physiological regulation for the determination of conformity between the individualities of medical staff team and the dynamics of psychological resistance in emergency environment; and (3) integrative profiles of functional asymmetry, giving the objective fundamentals for team composition and its training, to the ideal sophisticated model of psycho-physiological conformity. Quantitative, objective data give the arguments to prepare the criteria for the composition of field medical team. The individual programs issued from examination are proposed for the improvement of permanent psycho physiological staff conformity.

scholarly journals Assessment of the organization's economic security system

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-275
Author(s):  
I. V. Platonova ◽  
E. V. Gorkovenko
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Economic State ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Functional Components

In modern conditions, the concept of «security» is widely used in all spheres of activity, it is firmly embedded in our live. The economic security of organizations, in particular, is closely related to the production of products, performance of works and provision of services. The efficiency of economic entities determines the economic state of the state as a whole. Ensuring the system of economic security of the enterprise is a complex process that requires huge organizational, economic, political, financial, logistical, information and other efforts of the security subject. The system of economic security of the organization should be built taking into account the individual characteristics of the enterprise, its structure and essence depends on the legislative framework, the understanding of security policy by employees, practical experience and knowledge of managers, and at the same time comply with the norms and principles of legality. Effective provision of the system of economic security of the organization is the process of implementation of functional components of economic security, the purpose of which is to prevent possible damages and achieve the maximum level of economic security of the enterprise at the present time and in the future. It is a well-formed system of economic security that allows you to concentrate maximum efforts on the strategic development of the enterprise, to ensure its full economic protection and independence.

scholarly journals Security and attitudes toward globalization: A multilevel analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 805-822
Author(s):  
James E. Cameron ◽  
Lucie Kocum ◽  
John W. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
National Economic Security

Globalization implicates a number of social psychological processes and outcomes, including openness to ideas, products, and people from outside one’s national boundaries. Drawing from theory and research on intergroup threat, the researchers posited that people will be more open to connections between their nation and others if they feel their economic situation and culture are relatively secure. They found some support for these hypotheses in 2 sets of archival survey responses collected by the Pew Global Attitudes Project in 2002 (40 countries; N = 34,073) and 2009 (25 countries; N = 22,500). Personal economic security and perceived national economic security were associated with more positive attitudes toward globalization in both survey years. However, country-level variables—development status (as indexed by the United Nations’ Human Development Index) and aggregated economic and cultural security—moderated the individual-level effects in several ways. Individual perceptions of national economic security more strongly predicted attitudes toward globalization in more favourable climates (e.g., in more developed countries, and at higher levels of country-level national economic security). Individual-level cultural security was positively associated with attitudes toward globalization in countries with higher levels of socioeconomic development, but negatively related to those attitudes in less developed nations. The results provide some new perspectives on individual and collective factors that inform the perceived benefits of globalization.

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