Strategic Competencies and Skills for Future University Leaders

The aim of the chapter is to explore competencies and strategic skills required for future university leaders to be more agile in their daily activities. Coping with the pandemic has been particularly difficult for some universities because they serve several different stakeholder, albeit overlapping, functions. The focus will be on the strategic skills that are required for future university leaders and what needs to be done to change universities to be more agile in the future. To contribute to the development of best practices in higher education leadership through approaches and strategies that will be in line with future universities, data will be collected via literature review.

THE SYSTEM OF EXERCISES FOR TEACHING ORAL CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETING

The aim of our study was to create a system of exercises for teaching interpretation in the language pair "German-Ukrainian", due to the emergence of new standards for the quality of professional training of interpreters. In our article we used theoretical and empirical research methods: critical analysis of scientific literature on translation studies, methods of professional training of translators; educational documents and textbooks in higher education institutions; monitoring the organization of interpretation training in higher education institutions; observation of the organization of interpretation training in the Free Economic Zone; survey of translation teachers in order to study the state of professional training of applicants for higher education; questionnaires, self-assessment of future translators in order to identify the probable level of their professional competence. At the initial stage of the study, a survey of both higher education and translation teachers was conducted in order to identify priority areas of professional interpretation of an interpreter, to select relevant material and develop a system of exercises to develop skills and skills of interpretation within the discipline "Fundamentals of Interpreting", which is taught in the 3rd year (180 hours, 6 credits). The subject component of the content of interpretation training is limited on the basis of the results of the questionnaire in the following areas: social, political, as well as the field of culture and education. According to the stages of interpretation training, a system of exercises consisting of three subsystems has been developed. These include exercises for: 1) the formation of special skills of interpretation; 2) automation of skills and formation of special and strategic skills; 3) development of special and strategic skills. The material for the development of these exercises was authentic German-language online sources in the field of culture and education, as well as social and political spheres of human activity (official websites of Deutsche Welle, the European Commission, the website of the Federal Chancellor and the President of Germany; private podcast Annik Rubens Slow German mit Annik Rubens, printed publications in online format: Bild, Zeit, Spiegel, die Welt, Frankfurter Allgemeine, as well as online terminological dictionaries. The total amount of practical tasks for translation and exercises for the formation and automation of special skills of interpretation and development of strategic skills is 200 units, which are offered as a basis for the conclusion of methodological development for teaching interpretation in the 3rd year. Key words: consecutive interpreting, professional competence of an interpreter, system of exercises, stages of training, groups of exercises.

Timing of social feedback shapes observational learning in strategic interaction

Many types of social interaction require the ability to anticipate others' behavior, which is commonly referred to as strategic sophistication. In this context, observational learning can represent a decisive tool for behavioral adaptation. However, little is known on whether and when individuals learn from observation in interactive settings. In the current study, 321 participants played one-shot interactive games and, at a given time along the experiment, they could observe the choices of an overtly efficient player. This social feedback could be provided before or after the participant’s choice in each game. Results reveal that players with a sufficient level of strategic skills increased their level of sophistication only when the social feedback was provided after their choices, whereas they relied on blind imitation when they received feedback before their decision. Conversely, less sophisticated players did not increase their level of sophistication, regardless of the type of social feedback. Our findings disclose the interplay between endogenous and exogenous factors modulating observational learning in strategic interaction.

In the face of sociopolitical and cultural challenges: Educational leaders’ strategic thinking skills

This article discusses the implications of sociopolitical and cultural challenges and complexity on educational leaders’ use of strategic thinking skills in divided societies, using the case of Israel, a deeply divided society with a hegemonic Jewish ethno-national state and Bedouins – a subculture of the minority Arabs. In the suggested model, we propose that, due to sociopolitical and cultural challenges, Bedouin school principals use ‘systems thinking’ skills as a holistic approach to coping with their complex environment. Jewish principals use the additional strategic skills of reflection and reframing. We provide the results of a preliminary empirical study, with 103 Bedouin and 67 Jewish principals, supporting our propositions. This article and its propositions open avenues for research into principals’ perceptions in deeply divided contexts and contribute to cognitive characteristics of leadership by explaining the implications of specific contexts for strategic thinking.

The Missing Link Between Project and Prototype: Teaching Student Designers to Navigate the Prototyping Process

It has been well established that prototyping is an important part of development projects. Prototypes are used in engineering design courses but teaching students the strategic skills needed to decide what to prototype during development projects is often not a part of the curriculum. This paper proposes a model that uses the prototyping process to link individual prototyping activities and project goals. The proposition is that when designers work intentionally with prototyping as a process, they will be able to make strategic decisions about how and when to use prototypes. To teach students a prototyping process mindset, a simple prototype prioritization tool, the Prototyping Target, was developed and integrated into project-based product development courses. Fifteen student teams used the Prototyping Target to decide which project questions to answer with prototypes every week over three weeks. Results show that criticality to project success is a good starting point but not the only parameter to consider when deciding what to prototype. A comparison between prototyping plans made with and without the Prototyping Target shows that student teams selected a clearer purpose for their prototypes when they used the prioritization tool before planning specific prototyping activities. Overall, this paper demonstrates the benefits of teaching student designers to navigate the prototyping process.

Trotsky as a product of specific time: Strategy, leadership and culturalization

The aim of the paper is to examine Leon Trotsky's reputation as a strategy leader forged during the turbulent years of the Russian Revolution. Having specific leadership, he was a product of specific era, exerted an influence on the key historic and cultural events, and as such, subject of research for more than half a century. Without his excellent strategic skills, the Bolsheviks might never have come to power. Eventually, Stalin defeated Trotsky, who, trapped by his own principles, had few political skills. By 1927 expelled from the Party, by 1929 from Russia itself, Trotsky faded from the Russian scene. Exiled, he found support finally in Mexico, worked there, influenced Cardenas and surrealistic artists, wrote many excellent articles, made enormous contribution to art, but couldn't avoid Stalin repression, ended up murdered. The paper is primarily based on Trotsky's own writings, his bibliographers like: Ernes, Dimitri, Trotskyism theory and surrealistic critiques. By mapping the most significant theories, we tried to present the ideology of that time and its impact on politics and art, same as perception of leadership. The hypothesis of the paper is that Trotsky was indeed a product of specific time and background, but was swept away by events he helped unleash, having a huge impact on various cultural fields, contributed to huge culturalization.

PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT IN CONTEXT OF ANALYSING THE PHARMACISTS’ PERSONALITY TYPES

Studies have been conducted to optimize the processes of personnel management in pharmacies, to determine the relationship between the type of a pharmacist’s personality and the availability of organizational and career competencies. In order to determine the competencies necessary for the work performed, the analysis of the specifics of the pharmacists’ work (at the examples of a manager, a pharmacist with higher education, and a pharmacist with secondary professional education) has been carried out. An expert assessment of the questionnaire has been made to assess the significance of five clusters of competencies (will and leadership, interpersonal communication, organizational and strategic skills, self-positioning) in relation to the specifics of the activities at the pharmacy. The relationship between the positions of specialists and the level of development of their competencies has been determined and expressed quantitatively (from 1 to 5 points). There is a low correlation between the indicators of the competencies of the managers and pharmacists. It confirms the need for differentiation in the formation of sets of competencies for training the specialists. Based on the Lominger competencies model and the results of expert research, the ‘Personality type – position’ matrix for a pharmacy’s manager has been constructed. A personality type was determined by means of the questionnaire of Myers & Briggs test. An algorithm for determining the optimal personality type of a candidate for the position of manager has been presented. Similar calculations can be made for pharmacists with higher education and pharmacists with secondary professional education. The data obtained make it possible to use them in the determination of a working place, hiring, and rotation of specialists.

Understanding Strategic Skills of Managers for First-Time Leadership in Industry 4.0

Strategic skills of managers, which are closely interrelated concept with organizations' performance, have effects on organizations' performance. In this context, this study aims to examine the role of strategic leadership skills of managers of manufacturing SMEs operating in Turkey in in perspective of first-time leadership in Industry 4.0 age. Two questionnaires were used to get data on a five-point Likert scale. The data were collected from 225 employees from SMEs. Data was analyzed with the help of SPSS (V.22.0.) program to apply Descriptive Analysis, Correlation Analysis and Regression Analysis. Results of the study revealed that strategic leadership skills of managers have important role in manufacturing SMEs for competitive advantage and sustainability. Finally, strategic leadership skills significantly can improve organization climate and performance of organizations. Therefore, the current study has vital importance for practitioners to enhance organization performance through leadership skills, organizational performance and organizational climate in Industry 4.0.

Leadership in Conditions of Industry 4.0

Nowadays, technological development and innovation play an important role in every enterprise. This is particularly reflected in the increase in competitiveness of any enterprise. It is Industry 4.0 that wants to lead to possible profound changes in several areas that go beyond the industrial sector. Leadership is essential for the successful promotion of a culture of innovation. Therefore, leaders and leadership style play a key role in the paradigm shift towards Industry 4.0. The aim of the theoretical research is to present the key characteristics of Leadership 4.0, the necessary skills of Leaders 4.0 and to introduce appropriate leadership styles in the context of Industry 4.0. Through the available domestic and foreign literature, we have provided a theoretical reality of what leadership in Industry 4.0 conditions should look like. According to results, that we have found out during theoretical research, we have reached conclusions that the core attributes of Leadership 4.0 include communication, knowledge and understanding, well-set standards and methods, coaching, expectations, openness and transparency, trust, employee orientation, and a culture of mistakes. We also pointed out that within the presented leadership matrix, the digital leader represents the most appropriate style within Industry 4.0, and among other things, this leader should dispose of cognitive skills, business skills, interpersonal skills, and strategic skills.

,,Er hätte am liebsten ununterbrochen gespielt“. : Schach in Elias Canettis Roman ,,Die Blendung“

Der Beitrag untersucht die Bedeutung des Schachspiels in Elias Canettis Roman Die Blendung zum einen auf der Ebene der historischen und sozialen Kontexte, in denen der Schachspieler Siegfried Fischer im Wien des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts steht. Er fokussiert zum anderen die Bedeutung des Schachspiels auf Handlungsebene. Denn Siegfried Fischer – genannt Fischerle – überträgt seine strategischen Fähigkeiten im Schach auf die ihn umgebende Welt und bringt so Peter Kien ,Zug um Zug‘ um dessen Reichtum.The article examines the significance of chess in Elias Canetti’s novel Die Blendung in the historical and social context of early 20th century Vienna. It further focuses on the function of chess within the novel: The actor and chess player Siegfried Fischer – called Fischerle – transfers his strategic skills from chess to his surroundings, thus depriving Peter Kien of his wealth ‘move by move’.