Sustainability of ijtihad and fatwa to respond the issue of indirect contributions in matrimonial property claim

The issue of sustainability of ijtihad and fatwas to elaborate on polemics of indirect contributions in matrimonial property claims has become an important issue today. The selection of the right ijtihad and fatwa will ensure that critical discussions in this matter can be photographed to a knowledgeable society. There are many findings of jurisprudence writing that stated the main methods in ijtihad and fatwas used by fuqahak of the past and contemporary to draw interesting discussions on this issue, but in the context of indirect contributions in matrimonial property claims, there is still much to be clarified. The main objective of this study is to find out the method of ijtihad and fatwa in the book of fiqh applied by the jurists in this issue. This study is qualitative in which a total of 20 books of turath have been researched and understood descriptively. The main collection methods used were in-depth reading and analysis and narrative evaluation was used to analyze the findings obtained. The results of the analysis prove that the indirect contribution related to housework and outdoor work, can be done Akad al-Ijarah for the wife is eligible to take a certain wage according to the jumhur view.

A Narrative Evaluation of a Grief Support Camp for Families Affected by a Parent's Suicide

Background: Children of parents who suffer mental ill-health and die by suicide are vulnerable to developing psychological and social problems themselves; they also have a severely elevated risk of dying at a young age – particularly through suicide. This highlights the need to design supportive measures that can counteract such negative developments after a parent's suicide.Aim: This narrative evaluation of a grief support camp for families affected by a parent's suicide arranged by the non-profit organization Children's Rights in Society in Sweden investigates whether children [N = 11] and parents [N = 11] perceived their participation as meaningful and, if so, in what way, and the changes to which the program was said to have contributed.Methods: Family members were invited to reflect on their experiences in narratively structured interviews that took place 18 months after participation. Their narrated experiences were analyzed to examine how the program was integrated into their biographies and with what significance. Narratives of change were identified in particular in order to grasp the self-perceived effects of participation.Results: Both children and parents attributed major significance to their encounters with other suicide bereaved. This led to support exchange and normalization, which countered a perceived “suicide stigma” in everyday life. Help to narratively construct destigmatizing understandings of suicide was also said to have relieved self-blame and shame. Overall, the participants described changes in the form of a better-informed position in grief, increased manageability and enhanced family communication. The parents also reported improved ability to support their children and a more hopeful view of life ahead.Conclusion: The evaluation showcases how this psychoeducational intervention, at a relatively low cost compared to traditional approaches, has great potential to lessen the negative effects of a suicide in the family by assisting families with psychological processing and de-stigmatization. Parental resources are also strengthened, which can serve as continuing support for the children.

Narrative evaluation in patient feedback

This study examines how patients use narratives to evaluate their experiences of healthcare services online. The analysis draws on corpus linguistic techniques, specifically annotation, applying Labov and Waletzky’s (1967) framework to a sample of online comments about the NHS in England. Narratives are pervasive in this context, being present more than absent in the patients’ comments, but are particularly prominent in comments which evaluate care negatively. Evaluations can be accomplished through all the structural elements of the narrative, including in combination with one another. However, the presence and ordering of these elements does not seem to be influenced by the type of evaluation given (i.e. positive, negative or more neutral). As mediated social practice, the narratives are shaped by the technological affordances and social dynamics of this context, for instance in the placement of particular structural elements and the design of narratives for particular “imagined” audiences.

Learning Japanese Onomatopoeia through a Narrative-Evaluation E-Learning System

In Japanese, onomatopoeia are an important element in expressing feelings and experiences. They are difficult for students of Japanese to acquire, especially the nuances. Herein, we propose an e-learning system to improve the efficiency of teaching the nuances – both explicit and tacit – to non-native speakers of Japanese in three steps. We synthesized a new learning strategy available to students leaning Japanese onomatopoeia using narrative strategies to mimic the learning methods used by native speakers. This was achieved by firstly teaching the formal rules representing the explicit nuances. Secondly, the students created new onomatopoeic words by utilizing those formal rules. Finally, feedback was provided by evaluating the onomatopoeias created through the support system of narrative strategies to provide implicit teaching. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and the learning system, we conducted an experiment involving two groups of subjects. While Group A got feedback about the appropriateness of their onomatopoeic constructions from the native speakers’ narrative interpretations, Group B just reviewed the database material like in a traditional classroom. Results indicate our e-learning system has a significant effect on the acquisition of a working understanding of onomatopoeia.

Kelestarian Ijtihad dan Fatwa Bagi Menyantuni Isu Sumbangan Tidak Langsung Dalam Tuntutan Harta Sepencarian:Satu Penilaian Kritis Fiqh Harta

The issue of sustainability of ijtihad and fatwas to elaborate on polemics of indirect contributions in matrimonial property claims has become an important issue today. The selection of the right ijtihad and fatwa will ensure that critical discussions in this matter can be photographed to a knowledgeable society. There are many findings of jurisprudence writing that stated the main methods in ijtihad and fatwas used by fuqahak of the past and contemporary to draw interesting discussions on this issue, but in the context of indirect contributions in matrimonial property claims, there is still much to be clarified. The main objective of this study is to find out the method of ijtihad and fatwa in the book of fiqh applied by the jurists in this issue. This study is qualitative in which a total of 20 books of turath have been researched and understood descriptively. The main collection methods used were in-depth reading and analysis and narrative evaluation was used to analyze the findings obtained. The results of the analysis prove that the indirect contribution related to housework and outdoor work, can be done Akad al-Ijarah for the wife is eligible to take a certain wage according to the jumhur view. It relates to the limited amount that is still pending payment and is included in the matrimonial property. The study also found that indirect contributions related to outdoor work as well, can be done Akad Syarikat al-Abdan according to the view of the school of al-Hanafiyyah and can be associated with the amount of profits that grow and put into matrimonial property. In addition, the Islamic Family Law Enactment also does not specify in detail the conditions of property ownership as determined by Islamic law. This study suggests that a guideline can be translated into the minds of the Muslim community in Malaysia continuously to ensure that this polemic can be clarified and the benefits to be fought for can be maintained. Abstrak Isu kelestarian ijtihad dan fatwa untuk merungkai polemik dan menyantuni permasalahan sumbangan tidak langsung dalam tuntutan harta sepencarian telah menjadi isu penting pada hari ini. Pemilihan ijtihad dan fatwa yang tepat akan memastikan perbincangan secara kritis dalam hal ini dapat dipotretkan kepada masyarakat yang cakna ilmu. Terdapat banyak dapatan penulisan ilmu fiqah yang menyatakan kaedah utama dalam ijtihad dan fatwa yang digunakan fuqahak zaman silam dan kontemporari untuk melakar perbincangan yang menarik dalam isu yang diketengahkan ini, namun begitu dalam konteks sumbangan tidak langsung dalam tuntutan harta sepencarian, masih banyak yang perlu diperjelaskan. Objektif utama kajian ini ialah untuk mengetahui kaedah ijtihad dan fatwa di dalam kitab fiqah yang diaplikasikan oleh para fuqahak dalam isu ini. Kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif di mana sejumlah 20 buah kitab turath telah diteliti dan difahami secara deskriptif. Kaedah pengumpulan utama yang digunakan ialah pembacaan dan analisis mendalam dan penilaian naratif telah digunakan untuk menganalisis dapatan yang diperoleh. Hasil analisis membuktikan bahawa sumbangan tak langsung yang berkait dengan hal ehwal rumah dan diluarnya, boleh dilakukan Akad al-Ijarah untuk si isteri layak mengambil upah tertentu mengikut pandangan jumhur. Ia berkaitan dengan jumlah terhad yang masih tertangguh pembayarannya dan dimasukkan ke dalam harta sepencarian. Kajian juga mendapati bahawa sumbangan tak langsung yang berkait dengan kerja luar rumah juga, boleh dilakukan Akad Syarikat al-Abdan mengikut pandangan mazhab al-Hanafiyyah dan boleh dikaitkan dengan jumlah keuntungan yang berkembang dan dimasukkan ke dalam harta sepencarian. Selain itu, Enakman Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam juga tidak mengkhususkan secara terperinci syarat-syarat pemilikan harta yang ditentukan oleh hukum syarak. Kajian ini mencadangkan supaya satu garis panduan dapat diterjemahkan dalam minda masyarakat Islam di Malaysia secara berterusan untuk memastikan polemik yang berkecamuk ini dapat diperjelaskan dan terjaga kemaslahatan yang ingin diperjuangkan.

Brain Network Organization During Mindful Acceptance of Emotions

Individuals use various strategies to cope with challenging emotions such as anxiety. Mindful acceptance involves broadening attentional scope and fully experiencing present moment sensory feelings (whether pleasant or unpleasant) without judgment or elaboration. In contrast, narrative-evaluation involves focusing on a narrow band of sensory experience and generating an elaborate narrative about the meaning and desirability of one’s emotional feelings. The current study examined brain network organization during these strategies using graph theoretic analyses. We used a naturalistic task paradigm in which participants reflected on an anxiety-provoking issue from their personal lives and adopted each strategy in different blocks. Compared to narrative-evaluation, mindful acceptance was associated with: (i) increased global network connectivity; (ii) greater integration of interoceptive regions (mid and posterior insula) into large-scale networks; (iii) reorganization of motivational circuits including a shift in the striatum’s network assignment from the default network to the salience network; and (iv) a shift from default network to frontoparietal control network (FPCN) regions as central hubs that coordinate information flow. Functional connectivity patterns within the left FPCN were associated with acceptance reports. Thus, broadening attentional scope during mindful acceptance is supported by a more globally interconnected neural landscape, as well as greater information flow through FPCN regions that underlie metacognitive awareness and cognitive control.

Education Research: The Narrative Evaluation Quality Instrument

ObjectiveDetermining the quality of narrative evaluations to assess medical student neurology clerkship performance remains a challenge. This study sought to develop a tool to comprehensively and systematically assess quality of student narrative evaluations.MethodsThe Narrative Evaluation Quality Instrument (NEQI) was created to assess several components within clerkship narrative evaluations: performance domains, specificity, and usefulness to learner. In this retrospective study, 5 investigators scored 123 narrative evaluations using the NEQI. Inter-rater reliability was estimated by calculating interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) across 615 NEQI scores.ResultsThe average overall NEQI score was 6.4 (SD 2.9), with mean component arm scores of 2.6 for performance domains (SD 0.9), 1.8 for specificity (SD 1.1), and 2.0 for usefulness (SD 1.4). Each component arm exhibited moderate reliability: performance domains ICC 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58–0.72), specificity ICC 0.69 (95% CI 0.61–0.77), and usefulness ICC 0.73 (95% CI 0.66–0.80). Overall NEQI score exhibited good reliability (0.81; 95% CI 0.77–0.86).ConclusionThe NEQI is a novel, reliable tool to comprehensively assess the quality of narrative evaluation of neurology clerks and will enhance the study of interventions seeking to improve clerkship evaluation.

A Quantitative and Narrative Evaluation of Goodman and Gilman’s Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (GGPBT) has been a cornerstone in the education of pharmacists, physicians, and pharmacologists for decades. The objectives of this study were to describe and evaluate the 13th edition of GGPBT on bases including: (1) author characteristics; (2) recency of citations; (3) conflict of interest (CoI) disclosure; (4) expert evaluation of chapters. Contributors’ (N = 115) sex, professional degrees, and presence of undisclosed potential CoI—as reported by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid’s Open Payments (2013–2017)—were examined. The year of publication of citations was extracted relative to Katzung’s Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (KatBCP), and DiPiro’s Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach (DiPPAPA). Content experts provided thorough chapter reviews. The percent of GGPBT contributors that were female (20.9%) was equivalent to those in KatBCP (17.0%). Citations in GGPBT (11.5 ± 0.2 years) were significantly older than those in KatBCP (10.4 ± 0.2) and DiPPAPA (9.1 ± 0.1, p < 0.0001). Contributors to GGPBT received USD 3 million in undisclosed remuneration (Maximum author = USD 743,718). In contrast, DiPPAPA made CoI information available. Reviewers noted several strengths but also some areas for improvement. GGPBT will continue to be an important component of the biomedical curriculum. Areas of improvement include a more diverse authorship, improved conflict of interest transparency, and a greater inclusion of more recent citations.

A Quantitative and Narrative Evaluation of Goodman and Gilman’s Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

ObjectiveGoodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (GGPBT) has been a cornerstone in the education of pharmacists, physicians, and pharmacologists for decades. The objectives of this report were to describe and evaluate the 13th edition of GGPBT including: 1) author characteristics; 2) recency of citations; 3) conflict of interest (CoI) disclosure, and 4) expert evaluation of chapters.MethodsContributors’ (N = 115) sex, professional degrees, and presence of undisclosed potential CoI as reported by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid’s Open Payments (2013 to 2017) were examined. Year of publication of citations were extracted relative to comparison textbooks (Katzung’s Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (KatBCP), and DiPiro’s Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach (DiPPAPA). Content experts in pharmacy and pharmacology education provided chapter reviews.ResultsThe percent of GGPBT contributors that were female (20.9%) was equivalent to those in KatBCP (17.0%). Citations in GGPBT (11.5 ± 0.2 years) were significantly older than those in KatBCP (10.4 ± 0.2) and DiPPAPA (9.1 ± 0.1, p < .0001). Contributors to GGPBT received three million in undisclosed remuneration from pharmaceutical companies (Maximum author = $743,718). In contrast, DiPPAPA made CoI information available. However, self-reported disclosures were not uniformly congruent with Open Payments reported data. Reviewers noted several strengths but also some areas for improvement.ConclusionGGPBT will continue to be an important component of the biomedical curriculum. Areas of improvement include more diverse authorship, improved conflict of interest transparency, and greater inclusion of more recent citations.