Moral Theories of Kalām in The Context of Goodness-Evil (Ḥusun-Kubuḥ)

The main research area of kalām science: Existence, knowledge and value. In this context, God-universe, God-human, human-nature and other creatures and human-human connection are important. Establishing the aforementioned contacts depends on resolving the issue of good (ḥusun)-evil (kubuḥ). The Good-evil problem is to investigate the origin and nature of morality. On the basis of morality, there are voluntary and free actions of the subject. Values should be taken into the research field by establishing a close relationship between will and action. Searching for origins in values is to make it functional. In other words, in order to transfer theoretical values to practical values, the origin of the values must be found. As a result of the search of origins in values, we will encounter two theories subjective and objective values. Subjective values theory depends on the subject. The theory of objective values is independent of the subject. It is al-Ashʿarī who adopts the first approach in theological (kalām) thought. The second one is adopted by Muʿtazila. The source of moral values in the Ashʿarīte doctrine is the subject God. In this approach, the right of divine power and divine wisdom are not given the same proportion. However, it is necessary to think separately on the fact that all subject-dependent issues are always variable. The equalization of the Ashʿarī system with the relativity current, which maintains that God, who gives existence and determines existence, also determines morality, should also be questioned.

The Words and Practices of the Prophet (Pbuh) in the Context of Business Ethics

In the global world, cultural interaction and global organizations lead to great activities in the field of business. However, this situation has brought with it negative situations such as unfair competition, discrimination, mobbing, bribery, nepotism and corruption in the job, employer and worker. Especially in the last fifty years, with the strengthening of socialism and the decline of liberalism, business ethics has become a matter of debate in the West. In this context, the European Business Ethics network was established, and many rights regarding work and workers were brought to the agenda in the United States. It is possible to see the aforementioned measures that the business world tried to implement only in the 20th century, in the words and practices of the Prophet towards social life. As a matter of fact, among the general moral principles that the Prophet Muhammad (Pbuh) presented to humanity, the principles related to business ethics are too many to be denied. The narrations about work and worker, which are also related to general moral principles, show that the Prophet Muhammad aimed to establish an inclusive system on this issue. According to this study; It aims to present the principles that today's business ethics defends within its own body, in terms of business, employer and employee, by examining it with the historical development process. It aims to reveal the existence of the business ethics principles presented on the western axis in the general words and practices of the Prophet.

An Overview of the Ways of Deriving Words in Arabic

In this study, the word formation methods used in Arabic were examined. The aim of the study is to eliminate the deficiency in this field by considering the word derivation ways in Arabic holistically. Another aim of the study is to provide the recognition of new methods in addition to the known methods by addressing some methods that are at the least not used. Within the scope of the study, firstly the words and their types were introduced and then the ways and examples of word formation were examined. Accordingly, the ways of word derivation seen in Arabic will be examined under the headings of reactionary, istiqâq, tarîb, naht, stereotyping (siyağa), ba'su'l-kelimât, reflection (esmâ al-aswat), analogy (tamsil) and borrowing (iqtirâz). were studied and examples of the words derived in these ways were given. As a result of the research, it has been seen that there is a great need to derive new words because the language undergoes a continuous development and change process. Especially today, in addition to the rapid development of science and technology, the interaction between societies and languages through the possibilities of communication and transportation has made it inevitable to derive new words and terms.

“Taghanni” in Qur’ân Recitation

In this study, the use of musical elements in the recitations of the Qur'an is examined within the framework of the concept “taghanni” in the light of historical data, lexical information, and technical findings. The concept of “taghanni” (reciting in a melodious voice) is expressed as an indispensable element of the Qur'anic recitation in the hadiths "He who does not recite the Qur'an with taghanni is not from us", “Allah never listens to anything as he listens to a prophet with a beautiful voice chanting the Qur’an aloud”, “Allah the mighty and sublime, never listens to anything as he listens to a prophet chanting the Qur’ân” which are the most important hadiths of the Prophet about the recitation of the Qur'an. Within the framework of these hadiths the use of music in the recitation of the Qur'an (taghanni) will be a very correct step for the Qur'an and humanity to meet, get closer and finally merge. The concept of "taghanni" in the Qur'anic recitations, identical and contradictory meanings and interpretations of the concept, and its jurisprudence are analysed. The existence of taghanni in the recitation of the Qur'an is revealed through the recitation of the verses of Âl-i İmran Surah 190-194 with the help of the piraat sound analysis program. In the same verse sample, the core information about the inner music of the Qur'an is presented. Our study has an importance in terms of handling the Qur'anic recitations musically.

Bringing Children Together with Hadiths: An Evaluation of 40 Hadis Düşler Adasi (40 Hadiths Island of Dreams)

In this study, the suitability of the hadiths in the story book called 40 Hadis Düşler Adası (40 Hadiths Island of Dreams), prepared by Publications of the Presidency of Religious Affairs for children aged 5 and over, for the development of children in terms of suitability for child principle is discussed. In this study, which was designed with a qualitative research model, the document review method was used. In the research, the problem of the suitability of the hadiths in the aforementioned book with the religious development characteristics of 5–7-year-old children in terms of suitability for child principle is focused on. It was thought that mentioned suitability is important in terms of the correct development of the children’s imagination of religion, God and the prophet, and the importance of this study was decided. In the study, first of all, examples from the life of the Prophet for child education were given, then the basic principles for the religious education of 5–7-year-old children were mentioned briefly. Finally, the hadiths in the subject book were examined in terms of hadiths suitability for children. After the examination, it was concluded that twenty-six hadiths are suitable for children and fourteen hadiths are not. Alternative hadiths were suggested instead of the hadiths that were thought to be unsuitable for children. The study has been completed with some suggestions for other studies that will be prepared with similar content and purpose.

Haj Travelbooks in Tatar Literature and Musa Jarullah’s Haj Travelbook

The notes kept during the pilgrimage journeys and the observations, impressions and determinations of the authors provided the formation of the type called pilgrimage travelnames. Many examples of this species have been written both in and outside the Anatolian area. Tatar Turks are one of the societies in which writing works with pilgrimage content outside Anatolia has turned into a literary tradition. In this study, the Haj Seyâhatnâma of Musa Jarullah, a Tatar thinker, will be discussed. The manuscript is registered at 06 Mil Yz A 5924 in the National Library Manuscripts Collection. Seyâhatnâma is located on the sheets 1a-28a of a notebook, all of which are 66 sheets. The countries and events on the route are presented with careful observation in the sea route. In the work, many countries such as Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Egypt, England, Russia, India, China, especially Turkey; important figures such as Ataturk, Ibn Saud, Muhammed Asadullah, Karim Khakimov, Ferdinand de Lesseps; important observations about the Suez Canal, the Istanbul Strait, the Maghrib Strait and the Cenup Strait and the holy lands are included.

The Life and Scientific Personality of Ibn Al Dehhan en-Nahvi, the Sibeveyhi of His Era

There Nahiv is one of the most important branches of the Arabic language. In history, there have been many scholars who have been trained in this field and have produced extremely valuable works. One of the scholars who have a great place and importance in the science of Nahiv is undoubtedly Ibn Dehhan en-Nahvi. Ibn Dehhan en-Nahvî (d.569), despite his value in nahiv and his great contribution to this science, İbn Dehhan is unfortunately not recognized enough. The number of scientific studies that provide information about him, just as in the world is almost non-existent in Turkey. He has recovered the appreciation of the scholars of his time for his scientific value. İn fact, because of his depth in nahiv science he was called “Sibeveyh of nahiv science”. He generally discussed the controversial and difficult subjects of nahiv science. Since this nahiv scholar was one of the leading sixth-century nativists and his name was mentioned in many languages and nahiv books, as well as the frequent mention of his name and works in biography sources, we deemed it necessary to consider his life and his scientific personality in our study. Thus we hope that it will to the recognition of this scholar and his scholarly personality who has a major role in the field of Arabic language and grammar.

Getting Used To Sins: Looking At the Conditions of Customer Problems in the Context of Habit and Sin

There are experiences and accumulations that people have, consciously or unconsciously, throughout their life. These achievements are generally defined by names such as habit, moderation, temperament, and angel. While behaviors that are liked and praised by other members of the society are accepted, behaviors that are not approved are considered bad. Our habits are indispensable elements of daily life. Since they emerge without thinking and planning rather than being conscious, it makes life easier, practical and fluid. Although it is positive to make moral behavior and virtues a habit, when considered in the context of religious thought and worship life, over time, consciousness / consciousness disappears and can become actions taken without thought. When awareness and consciousness are disabled, religious thought and lifestyle show signs of degeneration. The way of life shaped by habit causes some behaviors that are seen as minor sins in the flow of daily life to be perceived as if there is no religious drawback in practice. Instead of shaping their lives in the light of the Qur'an and circumcision, people develop a unique perception of religion that begins to believe as they live. Verses and hadiths are understood beyond their real meaning with interpretations and compelling interpretations, where weak fatwas are accepted as sources. This situation leads the Muslim community to points that can produce dire consequences in terms of belief. In this study, habits-specific evaluations and determinations will be presented regarding these issues.

Zurqānī’s Ideas on the Compilation Process of Qur'ān in the the Context of Jam' al-Qur'ān

The process of compiling the Qur'ānic verses (jamʿ al-Qur'ān) between two covers into a single musḥaf, and hence reproducing copies whereof constitutes one of the most important stages in regard to both history and recitation (qirāʾāh) of Qur’an. From the earlier periods, it is possible to see individual works written on the subject as well as works that are produced within different fields of expertise such as hadīth, tafseer, qirāʾāt and history. This issue which has grabbed the attention of orientalists and was used as a manipulating tool against the Qur’an for so long, still stands to be contemporary too. Therefore, answering the question of the authenticity of the Quran by taking current questions and problems into consideration is both a necessity and begs for continuity. Zurqānī, who is among the authors of ‘ulūm al-Qur’ān of the modern period, has expressed opinions on the issue at stake. His work is attention-grabbing in the sense that it deals with the of compilation process of Qur’ān with a contemporary edge in order to prevent and overcome any current doubts. This study examines Zurqānī’s approaches to the compilation process of Qur’ān in the context of jamʿ al-Qur'ān. Also, it seeks to touch upon the allegation of distortion in the musḥaf since it is related to the subject.

An Investigation on the Translation of Asâs al-Iqtibâs fi'l-Mantık, which was translated into Arabic by Mullā Ḫüsrev by the Order of Mehmed II the Conqueror

The Islamic world in the 13th century is a very scientifically productive period, when great logicians and great works emerged in terms of logic. Undoubtedly, one of the leading figures of this century in the field of philosophy and logic is the great mathematician, logician and philosopher Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī (d. 1274). Al-Tūsī, who has produced many valuable works, has written his work named Asâs al-Iqtibâs fi'l-Mantık. (The Basis of Acquisition). It has been modeled on the famous encyclopedic philosophical work of Ibn Sīnā-Avicenna (d. 1037), the first nine books of Kitâb al-Şifā (The Cure) on logic. The work has been among the masterpieces of the history of Islamic logic with its competent expression and original contributions, encompassing all matters up to its age. Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II The Conqueror (r. 1451-1481), who carried out important activities in the scientific and cultural field as well as his achievements in the political field, ordered this important work of logic written in Persian to be translated into Arabic from Shaykh al-Islam Mullā Ḫüsrev (d. 1480) in order to have a more common and useful functionality. In addition, Mullā Ḫüsrev, who was also a great jurist and logician, successfully completed this important task and presented his translation to the Sultan. Many copies of this translation have survived, the translator himself wrote two of which. In this article, the work named Esâsu’l İktibâs fi'l-Mantık and its translation in question have been examined and evaluated.