ADAPTASI RITUAL DAN PRAKTIK SOSIAL-KEAGAMAAN MAHASISWA DI MASA PANDEMI (STUDI KASUS PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS USHULUDDIN DAN FILSAFAT, UIN SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA)

The COVID-19 pandemic that has been going on for more than two years has changed most socio-religious activities of the community, including many academic communities, especially students. The fact that all educational activities must be carried out online has also changed their religious activities and socio-religious practices. Students use their spare time during the distance learning process with worshipping and doing some social activities at home. This article aims to elaborate on how students adapt to the new situation regarding their religious activities. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used in this research are in-depth interviews with 18 student informants and collecting virtual data through google form. The results showed that students' religious adaptation in worship practices and social activities had helped increase their spirituality and closeness to religion. This conclusion is supported by an increase in the quantity of worship such as the intensity of reading the Qur'an, discipline in conducting obligatory prayers, and the involvement of students in religious-based charity activities in the community.Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia selama kurang lebih 2 tahun ini telah mengubah seluruh aktivitas sosial keagamaan masyarakat, tidak terkecuali segment pendidikan khususnya mahasiswa. Fakta bahwa seluruh aktivitas pendidikan harus dilakukan dalam situasi jarak jauh secara langsung juga telah mengubah aktivitas ibadah dan praktik sosial-keagamaan mereka. Mahasiswa mengisi waktu-waktu luang mereka selama pembelajaran jarak jauh dengan aktivitas ibadah dan kegiatan sosial di rumah. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi bagaimana mahasiswa melakukan adaptasi keagamaan di masa pandemi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap 18 informan mahasiswa dan diperkuat dengan data virtual melalui google form. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adaptasi keagamaan mahasiswa dalam praktik ibadah dan aktivitas sosial telah membantu meningkatkan spiritualitas dan kedekatan mereka kepada agama. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan peningkatan kuantitas ibadah seperti intensitas membaca Al-Qur’an, kedisiplinan dalam sholat wajib, dan keterlibatan mahasiswa dalam aktivitas charity berbasis keagamaan di masyarakat.

Religion-Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review and Description of Techniques

Systematic reviews have shown the efficacy of religion-adapted cognitive behavioral therapy (R-CBT); however, many clinicians lack practical knowledge of these protocols. We describe here the techniques of religious adaptation to CBT that have proved effective. We selected randomized clinical trials comparing R-CBT with control conditions in clients with a diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder and extracted the information from their adapted manuals. The most frequent religious adaptations were the integration of religious content to perform cognitive restructuring, psychoeducation and motivation; engagement in religious activities such as behavioral activation, meditation, or prayer to help cognitive restructuring, using religious values and coping strategies. A description of these techniques is presented here, as well as some practical examples.

The Imam of the Christians

This book examines how Christian leaders adopted and adapted the political practices and ideas of their Muslim rulers between 750 and 850 in the Abbasid caliphate in the Jazira (modern eastern Turkey and northern Syria). Focusing on the writings of Dionysius of Tel-Mahre, the patriarch of the Jacobite church, the book describes how this encounter produced an Islamicate Christianity that differed from the Christianities of Byzantium and western Europe in far more than just theology. In doing so, the book opens a new window on the world of early Islam and Muslims' interactions with other religious communities. The book shows how Dionysius and other Christian clerics, by forging close ties with Muslim elites, were able to command greater power over their coreligionists, such as the right to issue canons regulating the lives of lay people, gather tithes, and use state troops to arrest opponents. In his writings, Dionysius advertises his ease in the courts of ʿAbd Allah ibn Tahir in Raqqa and the caliph al-Ma'mun in Baghdad, presenting himself as an effective advocate for the interests of his fellow Christians because of his knowledge of Arabic and his ability to redeploy Islamic ideas to his own advantage. Strikingly, Dionysius even claims that, like al-Ma'mun, he is an imam since he leads his people in prayer and rules them by popular consent. A wide-ranging examination of Middle Eastern Christian life during a critical period in the development of Islam, the book is also a case study of the surprising workings of cultural and religious adaptation.

Decline, Revival, Change? Religious Adaptations among Muslim and Non-Muslim Immigrant Origin Youth in Norway

This article explores religious adaptation among immigrant-origin youth in Norway, using the first wave of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study in Norway (CILS-NOR). To capture different dimensions of religious change, we distinguish between 1) level of religiosity, measured by religious salience and religious practices, and 2) social forms of religious belief, measured as the level of rule orientation and theological exclusivism. We compare immigrant-origin youth in Norway with young people in their parents’ origin countries, using the World Value Survey. We then compare immigrant-origin youth who were born in Norway to those who were born abroad and according to their parents’ length of residence in Norway. As expected, immigrant-origin youth from outside Western Europe—and those originating in Muslim countries in particular—were more religious than native and western-origin youth and more rule oriented and exclusivist in their religious beliefs. However, our results suggest that a process of both religious decline and religious individualization is underway among immigrant origin youth in Norway, although this process appears to unfold slower for Muslims than for non-Muslims. The level and social forms of religiosity among immigrant-origin youth are partially linked to their integration in other fields, particularly inter-ethnic friendships. We argue that comparative studies on how national contexts of reception shape religious adaptations, as well as studies aiming to disentangle the complex relationship between religious adaptation and integration in other fields, are needed.

PRAKTIK FIKIH KESEHARIAN MINORITAS MUSLIM DI BALI

This paper explored a daily fiqh practice or, more precisely, the practice of Islam among Muslim minorities in Bali, which is transformed into an adaptable form of religious diversity promoting harmony. In the midst of the strong domination of Hindu custom and the acts of violence by few Muslims in Indonesia, the Balinese Muslim community strived to manifest Islamic teachings (fiqh) in daily life having tolerant and moderate. Through two problems such as; how is the religious adaptation pattern of minority Muslim communities in Bali? How do Muslim communities establish inter-religious harmony as a manifestation of their daily fiqh? This study attempted to analyze it based on maqashid sharia theory. As for supporting data collection, this paper used field research using interviews and observations.The finding indicated that there were interesting patterns of religious social relations occurred in the daily practice of Muslim minorities in expressing their Islamic teachings in the public area. Muslims in Bali are able to appraise their religious teachings and adapt with the surrounding community, which was socio-anthropologically dominated by the Hindu belief system.

Etika Lingkungan Perspektif Hukum Islam

The Islamic governs the religious adaptation according to the principles and guidelines designed to conform with practical reasons to discover the wish of the divine continuously. The framework of Islamic law is clearly described in the rule of maqasid al-syariah in the form of legislation to accommodate the situation and conditions. Further study in the Quran and hadith discovered that Islam has specific principals and rules that demand environmental maintenance. This research aims to reveal the direction and regulations of environmental management comprehensively according to Islamic law using the philosophical, phenomenology, and normative approaches. Some important principles of environmental ethics in Islam are portrayed in the examples that appear to develop new Islamic thinking in environmental ethics. Due to the common future and possibilities as well as the threats with the same bad results, all self-correction process requires feedback from an Islamic perspective on environmental maintenance. Due to the global impact of the environmental crisis, cooperation from all parties is required to prevent the unnecessary pose of environmental hazards, and existing environmental hazards must be best avoided. This research shows how the Islamic principles on environmental ethics work as a mechanism to bring normative change and review the human diagnostic capacity to evaluate different use of natural resources, including the ethics of environmental maintenance.

Parenting : Tablighi Jamaat Point of View

Despite the documented importance of parenting style in early intervention, little is known about how parenting in a specific ethnic or group. This paper describes a religious adaptation of a parenting intervention from tablighi jamaat community under living in Jombang district- East Java, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to explore, appreciate, and describe their experiences using a phenomenological methodology. Narratives were collected from nine participants of parents in tablighi jamaat community. Four thematic clusters were identified and an exhaustive description is presented to summarize the essence of their lived experience. The study indicates a strong sense of essential positivism for the participant’s stories, and overall it seems the implementation of Islamic religious values has brought some degree of spiritual, socially, and psychological meaning to their lives that they may not have otherwise noticed or experienced

The Acceptance of New Religions on Java in the Nineteenth Century and the Emergence of Various Muslim and Christian Currents

My Ph.D.- dissertation analyzes the work of six Dutch missionaries on Java in the period of 1850 until 1920. Besides analyzing their proselytizing strategies, I reserched on the missionaries’ reflections on their work and the reformed strategies that followed those reflections and their views on the religious context they worked in as well as how they perceived the process of admission of new religions. My focus is not only on the arrival and acceptance of Christianity, but also the Islamization process of Java, since the missionaries tried to elucidate that procesin order to benefit from it. As part of my dissertation, this paper will focus on the formation of various Muslim and Christian currents in the second half of the nineteenth century in order to elucidate the process of religious adaptation on Java.