Emergency Contraception Access and Counseling in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Pharmacies in Georgia

Background: Emergency contraception (EC) efficacy is dependent on timing of administration. Adequate pharmacy stock information and accurate patient counseling are important to ensure timely access. Objective: This study evaluates pharmacist reported availability and counseling for levonorgestrel (LNG) and ulipristal acetate (UPA), and identifies differences between caller type and pharmacies in metropolitan vs nonmetropolitan areas of Georgia. Methods: This prospective, randomized, telephone-based study included 25% of Georgia community pharmacies, stratified by geographic location. Calls were made by investigators, first posing as a mystery shopper inquiring about EC stock and efficacy, then 3–6 weeks later as a researcher inquiring about EC stock. Analysis utilized descriptive statistics, chi Square, and logistic regression. Results: Of 600 pharmacies, the mystery shopper caller reached 86%: 74% of pharmacists initially discussed LNG, 57.1% had it stocked, more often in metropolitan areas (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.08–2.6). Ulipristal acetate was discussed by 1.9% and reported in-stock < 1%. Of those who discussed window of efficacy, 79% indicated LNG would either not work 4 days after intercourse or they were unsure. The research caller successfully completed a second call for 64% of pharmacies: 57% stocked LNG, 3% stocked UPA, and UPA was more likely to be stocked in metropolitan pharmacies. Conclusion: In Georgia, UPA availability is poor, and nonmetropolitan pharmacies were less likely to stock LNG and UPA. A minority of pharmacists correctly indicated that LNG may work up to 120 hours after intercourse. Strategies are needed to overcome barriers to EC availability in community pharmacies and support pharmacists’ EC counseling.

A investigation into share prices’ conditional heteroscedasticity and non-symmetrical model in the context of South Africa, Nigeria, and Egypt

This paper investigates the leverage effect in African countries by applying normal and non-normal distribution densities. Furthermore, we investigate the possible opportunities for portfolio diversification in South Africa, Nigeria, and Egypt. We find that negative stock returns do not generate higher volatility in further returns than past positive returns. All three countries are subject to the ARCH effect, where past stock information (volatility) influence the current stock returns (volatility). We also find that Gaussian distribution produces a better estimate as compared to non-normal distribution. In terms of portfolio diversification, returns are also subject to the ARCH effect, however, the leverage effect does not determine that past negative returns influence the current stock returns asymmetrically.

SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN DAN PENGENDALIAN STOCK BARANG BANGUNAN PADA TOKO BANGUNAN DELIMA

Digital sales system is now widely utilized by small and medium businesses so as to facilitate customers in ordering goods moreover the internet becomes the lifestyle of most people who want everything to be practical and fast. Pomegranate Building Shop is a building shop that is developing and engaged in the sale of building materials, where the processing of goods data is still done manually and the entire report of the bookkeeping system activities are still under construction. The obstacles that arise are the problem of time in which in doing bookkeeping or checking the goods data for too long and also the problem of controlling the stock of goods available is less so regularly in a good manner. Therefore the author designed the Web-based Building Materials Stock Information And Control System using the Php Mysql,Xampp and Laravel Framework. The data source obtained is through the primary data source and the data collection technique is done by observation, interview and documentation. It is expected that this system can facilitate pomegranate stores in running their business and gain profits amid a lot of competition.

Sistem Informasi Persediaan Barang pada CV. Anak Teladan

Abstract— CV. Anak Teladan is a company engaged in the distribution of books, and supporting tools for kindergartens. As for the problems that occur in the current system that is for processing data on incoming goods, data on outgoing goods and stock of goods is still recorded in paper or book in accordance with receipts and travel documents from suppliers that contain several many incoming and outgoing goods to be sent to the customer. Data collection of inventory items is only recorded on a piece of paper and then copied back into the next book the office section that will copy into the computer, sometimes has difficulty in getting stock information, so the information provided is often not in accordance with the availability of the available items. The purpose of this study is to create a system of inventory information, which can manage incoming and outgoing goods and stock items. The information system that has been produced by this design can manage data entry and exit goods, inventory data. Intisari — CV. Anak Teladan merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dibidiang distributor buku, dan alat penunjang untuk Taman Kanak-kanak. Adapun masalah yang terjadi pada sistem yang telah berjalan saat ini yaitu untuk pengolahan data barang masuk, data barang keluar dan stok barang masih di catat ke dalam kertas atau buku sesuai dengan kwitansi dan surat jalan dari supplier yang berisi beberapa banyak barang masuk dan keluar untuk dikirim ke pelanggan. Pendataan persediaan stok barang hanya dicatat di selembar kertas kemudian di salin kembali ke dalam buku berikutnya bagian kantor yang akan menyalin ke dalam komputer, terkadang mengalami kesulitan dalam mendapatkan informasi stok barang, sehingga informasiyang diberikan sering tidak sesuai dengan kertersediaan barang yang ada. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat sistem informasi persedian barang, yang dapat mengelola barang masuk dan keluar serta stok barang. Sistem informasi yang telah dihasilkan perancangan ini dapat mengelola data barang masuk dan keluar, serta data stok barang.

The Impact of Margin and Short Selling on Stock Pricing Efficiency – Based on the Growth Enterprise Market and the Science and Technology Innovation Board

This paper takes the margin and short selling targets of the science and technology innovation board and the growth enterprise board of China’s stock market as the research object, and selects the sample interval from July 2019 to November 2020, Uses the unbalanced data panel model, discusses the effect of short selling and margin trading on the pricing efficiency of stock from the perspectives of the reaction speed and information content of stock information. The results show that margin trading is generally beneficial to the improvement of the pricing efficiency of the stock market; the effect of margin trading and short selling on the improvement of pricing efficiency of different stocks is different. The imbalance of power between margin trading and margin trading has a negative impact on the pricing efficiency of the stock market. The conclusion is helpful for subsequent scholars to continue to study the development level of the securities market and provide suggestions for the development direction of China’s securities market.

Implementasi E-Commerce Berbasis Web pada Toko Denia Donuts Menggunakan Metode Prototype

The development of the internet and the implementation of technology that makes it easier for users to increasingly influence the business sector. Business people are starting to take advantage of the internet and technology to run their business or so-called E-Commerce. Denia Donuts Shop is an online shop that sells donuts in South Sumatera. The problems that occur, even though this store has marketed its products online, shop owners still use social media only in the process of transactions with consumers. This becomes very difficult when consumers want to make a purchase, consumers must send messages according to the format determined by the shop's owner, this method is made very difficult for consumers every time they make a purchase. On the other hand, the shop owner also finds it difficult to find product information, stock information, find out which consumers have bought during a certain period, and sales reports that are still recorded in a book. This article aims to build E-Commerce at Denia Donuts Shop that can help in marketing products widely and facilitate the process of transactions carried out by consumers. The system development method used is the prototype method. This research has resulted in an E-Commerce system that has been tested using the black box testing method and has been implemented in accordance with user requirements specifications.

Sistem Informasi Inventori Barang Pada CV. Putra Karya Baja Dengan Metode Waterfall

Abstrak: Kini perkembangan teknologi menjadi semakin pesat begitupun sistem informasi yang berfungsi untuk menjalankan berbagai kegiatan dalam sebuah perusahaan. Penggunaan teknologi yang semakin maju dapat membantu sebuah perusahaan untuk mendapatkan informasi yang lebih cepat, tepat, dan efisien. CV. Putra Karya Baja adalah sebuah industri untuk konstruksi menggunakan besi baja dan bahan bangunan. Sistem informasi dan manajemen data untuk inventori produk di CV. Putra Karya Baja masih dilakukan secara manual, mulai dari pencatatan produk yang masuk dan produk yang keluar serta pembuatan laporan, sehingga terjadi penumpukan berkas, memungkinkan terjadi kesalahan dalam pengolahan data, sulit untuk memantau stok barang dan menghambat pemberian informasi stok barang. Dengan begitu solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut yaitu perlu dibuat sebuah sistem informasi mengenai inventori barang berbasis website dengan metode waterfall sebagai langkah dalam mengembangkan sistem di mana terdiri dari identifikasi untuk kebutuhan, desain pada sistem, penerapan dan pengujian, dengan pemrograman menggunakan PHP dan MySQL sebagai databasenya. Sistem inventori untuk barang bisa dilakukan pengaksesan oleh admin. Admin dapat menambah data, menghapus data, mencari data, dan merubah data. Sedangkan user hanya dapat melihat pelaporan barang, customer, transaksi barang, dan mengubah password. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu Sistem Informasi Inventori Barang pada CV. Putra Karya Baja Berbasis Web. Dengan tersedianya sistem ini diharapkan dapat mempermudah manajemen data dan pembuatan laporan menjadi lebih akurat. Kata kunci: inventori barang, metode waterfall, sistem informasi. Abstract: Now the development of technology is becoming increasingly rapid as well as information systems that function to carry out various activities within a company. The use of increasingly advanced technology can help a company get information more quickly, precisely, and efficiently. CV. Putra Karya Baja is an industry for construction using steel and building materials. Information systems and data management for product inventory at CV. Putra Karya Baja is still done manually, starting from recording incoming and outgoing products and making reports, resulting in accumulation of files, allowing errors in data processing, difficulties in monitoring stock items, and hindering the provision of stock information. That way the solution to overcome these problems is that it is necessary to create an information system regarding website-based inventory with the waterfall method as a step in developing a system which consists of identification for needs, design on the system, application and testing, by programming using PHP and MySQL as the database. The admin can access the inventory system for goods. Admin can add data, delete data, search data, and change data. Meanwhile, users can only view the reporting of goods, customers, goods transactions, and change passwords. The results obtained are the Goods Inventory Information System at CV. Putra Karya Baja Web-Based. With the availability of this system, it is hoped that it can simplify data management and make reports more accurate. Keywords: the inventory of product, waterfall method, information system.

Comparative analysis of stock selection using a hybrid MCDM approach and modern portfolio theory

The problem of selecting an optimal set of investment stocks is of a huge interest for both individual and institutional investors. This paper compares the hybrid multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) approach to selecting the best stock to invest in, with the stock selection using modern portfolio theory (MPT). When selecting stocks, it is very important to thoroughly analyse stocks, according to multiple criteria, including their equity market indicators, as well as financial indicators. The objective of the research is to compare the stock selection using a hybrid MCDM approach and MPT, which includes only the equity market indicators. The analysed sample includes 18 stocks, which are CROBEX components on the Croatian capital market from January 2017 to January 2019. The rankings of stocks were calculated using five MCDM methods. These were then used to obtain the final hybrid stock ranking, which was compared to the MPT stock selection. The results show that there is a significant difference in the stock rankings. However, the stocks which have not entered any portfolio in MPT selection were ranked as lowest according to the hybrid MCDM approach, which confirms that those stocks are the worst to invest in. The research can serve as a guidance for investors to use all available stock information in their decision making process of investment.