scholarly journals Interference of weeds on Barbados gooseberry initial development

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Ariany G Teixeira ◽  
Mateus O Cabral ◽  
Fábio Luiz de Oliveira ◽  
Leandro P Dalvi ◽  
Luciano Menini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Randomized Design

ABSTRACT The Barbados gooseberry crop has agricultural potential, but little information is available regarding cropping practices. More information on weed interference in Barbados gooseberry will support growers to take weed management decisions. The objective of this work was to study initial growth and development of Barbados gooseberry under the interference of weeds. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with five treatments, composed of Barbados gooseberry in competition with four weed species: slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis), hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa), Benghal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis), purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), and a weed-free control, with six replicates. Weed competition led to a decrease in growth and development of Barbados gooseberry reflected in a reduction of up to 40% in yield and 23% in protein content. Additional work must be conducted evaluating these findings under field conditions, using different seedling production and planting techniques potentially affecting these results.

scholarly journals Growing levels of goat biofertilizer in the initial growth of the pepper

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Davy Frazão Lima ◽  
Antonio Caio de Jesus ◽  
Diego De Almeida Veras ◽  
Ramón Yuri Ferreira Pereira ◽  
Dário De Sousa Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Goat Manure ◽  
Chili Peppers

Biofertilizers have been used in agroecological production with the aim of improving conditions for plant development. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of the application of biofertilizer on the initial development of chili peppers (Capsicum frutescens L.). The experiment was installed and conducted under field conditions from October to December 2018, in Chapadinha, city located in Maranhão. A completely randomized design was used, with 4 treatments and 5 repetitions. The experiment corresponded to the application of biofertilizer in concentrations T1: 0%, T2: 20%, T3: 40%, T4: 60% of goat biofertilizer diluted in water. The goat biofertilizer was made using 25 kg of fresh goat manure, 200 g of ash and 500 g of brazilian candy called rapadura. Seedlings with eight definitive leaves were transplanted 0.8 x 1 m apart. The first application of the biofertilizer was performed 15 days after transplanting and the following applications of the biofertilizer were carried out at 10-day intervals until data collection. At 60 days after transplantation, data for each variable were collected. It was observed that the variables responded well to the biofertilizer, revealing significant increases in the growth and development of the pepper plant. It is recommended 4 (four) applications of doses of goat biofertilizer with a concentration between 46% (460 ml L-1) to 48% (480 ml L-1) to obtain pepper seedlings with good phytotechnical quality, because in this range the best results were found for most of the analyzed variables.

scholarly journals Influence of Weeds on Yacon Initial Growth and Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.O. CABRAL ◽  
F.L. OLIVEIRA ◽  
L.P. DALVI ◽  
A.G. TEIXEIRA ◽  
L.J.F.N. ROCHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Number Of Stems

ABSTRACT: The consumption of yacon has been increasing around the world due to the nutritional and pharmaceutical properties of this plant. The growing commercial interest in yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) generates a demand for crop management research studies, including the effect of weed competition on yacon, which was not yet studied. Thus, this study was performed with the objective of evaluating the effects of weed competition on yacon development and growth. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and seven replicates. Treatments were yacon with the interference of four weed species: Cyperus rotundus L. (nutgrass), Commelina benghalensis L. (tropical spiderwort), Amaranthus viridis L. (slender amaranth) and Bidens pilosa L. (hairy beggarticks). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using 10 dm3 pots. Plant height, number of leaves, number of stems, leaf area, fresh and dry mass weight (total and partial), and chlorophyll A, B and total were evaluated. The weed competition resulted in a decrease in the yacon development (height, number of leaves, number of stems, leaf area), photosynthetic rate (decreased chlorophyll content A, B and total) and yield, as also decreased the accumulation of fresh and dry biomass of tuberous roots. C. benghalensis L. and A. viridis L. were the weeds most affecting the development and growth of yacon.

scholarly journals Integrated Weed Management in Potato Using Straw Mulch and Atrazine

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makhan S. Bhullar ◽  
Simerjeet Kaur ◽  
Tarundeep Kaur ◽  
Amit J. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Straw Mulch

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is one of four major food crops in the world. Weed control is a major component in potato production and has been accomplished using different methods, including but not limited to the use of herbicides and straw mulch. A combination of preemergence herbicide and straw mulch may improve weed control; however, no information is available for combining both methods, along with their effects on weed control, weed density, and potato tuber yields. The objective of this study was to evaluate weed control in potato using atrazine or straw mulch applied alone at different rates or in combination. A field experiment was conducted for 4 years from 2006 to 2010 in Ludhiana, Punjab, India. Common weeds included burclover (Medicago arabica), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor), purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), scarlet pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis), swinecress (Coronopus didymus), and toothed dock (Rumex dentatus). Results suggested that atrazine applied alone was not very effective and resulted in 0% to 78% control depending on the weed species being investigated at 30 days after treatment (DAT). Straw mulch applied alone at any rate provided ≥90% control of toothed dock, but control of other weed species was variable. A combination of atrazine and straw mulch at any rate usually resulted in >90% weed control at 30 DAT, except for swinecress and purple nutsedge. This treatment combination also resulted in weed density as low as 0 plant/m2 for common lambsquarters, scarlet pimpernel, and toothed dock. Potato tuber weight and yield was significantly higher in all treatments compared with untreated control without difference among them. It is concluded that a combination of straw mulch and atrazine can provide effective weed control in potato.

scholarly journals Aqueous plant extracts in the control of Bidens pilosa L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamile da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Clovis Pereira Peixoto ◽  
Carlos Alberto da Silva Ledo ◽  
Ademir Trindade Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Natural Herbicides ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Germination And Growth

ABSTRACT: Secondary compounds have allelopathic action on germination and growth, and initial development of seedlings and beggar tick can have its germination and growth affected by the action of allelopathic extracts. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the allelopathic potential of Brachiaria (Brachiaria brizantha), sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and sorghum extracts (Sorghum bicolor) on germination and initial growth of beggar ticks (Bidens pilosa). For this, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replicates and brachiaria, sunflower and sorghum extracts and control (distilled water) treatments. Extracts were obtained using 200 g of plant material and 1,000 mL of distilled water. Seeds were distributed in gerbox containing two sheets of germitest paper moistened with treatments and taken to germination chamber. Germination was daily monitored, and ten days after, initial growth was evaluated. Extracts did not reduce germination. However, they caused increase in germination time, mainly by brachiaria extract. Seedlings submitted to brachiaria and sorghum extracts showed lower growth. Brachiaria and sorghum extracts showed no action on germination, but controlled the initial growth of beggar tick, being potential natural herbicides.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Senyawa Fenol Beberapa Aksesi Teki (Cyperus rotundus L.) serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Perkecambahan Biji Borreria alata (Aubl.) DC.

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Sangrani Annisa Dewi ◽  
Muhammad Ahmad Chozin ◽  
Dan Dwi Guntoro
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is one of the important weeds in the world because of its ability to suppress the production of crops and difficult to control. C. rotundus residues can suppress the growth of others weeds. The experiments were conducted to identify the phenolic compound of C. rotundus from six different accessions and to determine the allelopathic effects of C. rotundus extracts on germination of Borreria alata (Aubl.) DC. The identification of phenolic compound was done using extract from all part of mature C. rotundus taken from different accessions and was analyzed using GC-MS. Analysis of C. rotundus extracts on germination of B. alata was designed using completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments were extract of C. rotundus from different accessions (from Cikarawang-Darmaga, Babakan-Darmaga, Ciawi, Megamendung, Cisarua, and Cianjur) with different concentration, 0.75 kg L-1 and 1.5 kg   L-1. The result showed that C. rotundus from six accession had phenolic compond with different amounts. Cianjur accesion contained the most phenol content such as 2-furanmethanol; 1,4-benzenediol; 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol; phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy; syringic acid; and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid. Germination test showed that C. rotundus extracts from different accessions and concentration had the same inhibitory effect on germination of B. alata.Keywords: Allelopathy, bioherbicide, purple nutsedge, weed management

scholarly journals Growth and Development of Purple Nutsedge Based on Days or Thermal Units

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S.O. Lima ◽  
E.C.R. Machado ◽  
A.P.P. Silva ◽  
B.S. Marques ◽  
M.F. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Independent Trials

This work was carried out with the objective of elaborating mathematical models to predict growth and development of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) based on days or accumulated thermal units (growing degree days). Thus, two independent trials were developed, the first with a decreasing photoperiod (March to July) and the second with an increasing photoperiod (August to November). In each trial, ten assessments of plant growth and development were performed, quantifying total dry matter and the species phenology. After that, phenology was fit to first degree equations, considering individual trials or their grouping. In the same way, the total dry matter was fit to logistic-type models. In all regressions four temporal scales possibilities were assessed for the x axis: accumulated days or growing degree days (GDD) with base temperatures (Tb) of 10, 12 and 15 oC. For both photoperiod conditions, growth and development of purple nutsedge were adequately fit to prediction mathematical models based on accumulated thermal units, highlighting Tb = 12 oC. Considering GDD calculated with Tb = 12 oC, purple nutsedge phenology may be predicted by y = 0.113x, while species growth may be predicted by y = 37.678/(1+(x/509.353)-7.047).

scholarly journals Competitiveness of alexandergrass or Bengal dayflower with soybean

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C.R. Dias ◽  
S.J.P. Carvalho ◽  
L.W. Marcolini ◽  
M.S.C. Melo ◽  
P.J. Christoffoleti
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Soybean Plants

Weeds compete with field crops mainly for water, light and nutrients, and the degree of competition is affected by the weed density and the intrinsic competitive ability of each plant species in coexistence. The objective of this research was to compare the competitiveness of alexandergrass (Brachiaria plantaginea) or Bengal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) in coexistence with soybean, cv. M-Soy 8045. A factorial experiment (2 x 5) with two weed species and five competition proportions was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Proportions were based on a replacement series competition design, always maintaining the total density of four plants per 10 L plastic pots, which corresponded to 60 plants m ². The weed-crop proportions were: 0:4; 1:3; 2:2; 3:1; 4:0; that corresponded to the proportion of 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% of soybean plants and the opposite for weeds, B. plantaginea or C. benghalensis plants. Leaf area, shoot dry mass of the weeds and soybean and number of soybean trifoliate leaves were evaluated when the soybean reached the phenologic stage of full flowering. B. plantaginea was a better competitor than soybean plants. Otherwise, C. benghalensis revealed a similar competitive ability that of the soybean. In both cases, there were evidences that intraspecific competition was more important.

scholarly journals Effect of duration of weed competition and weed control on the yield of Indian spinach

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
MSA Khan ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
M Nurul Islam ◽  
SN Mahfuza ◽  
MK Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Crop Weed Competition

Field experiments were conducted at the research farm of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur during kharif-1 (March to July) seasons of 2005 and 2006 to identify the critical period of crop-weed competition for Indian spinach. Major weed species were Paspalurn commersoni, Echinochlaa crusgalli. Lie nv/nc india. Cyanotis axillaris and Cyperus rotundus. The lowest weed dry matter was 76.3 g m-2 in 2005 and l01.60 g m-2 in 2006 from the plots weeded up to 40 days after transplanting (DAT). The highest yields were obtained (74.82 t ha in 2005 and 48.48 t ha in 2006) from the weed free plots. The fresh yield of Indian spinach did not vary among no weeding upto 20, 30 and 40 DAT in 2006. But weeded plot upto 30 and 40 DAT produced identical yield in 2005. Maximum BCR (4.52) was obtained from weeded plots upto 30 DAT in 2005 but BCR (2.60) was same from weeded upto 30 and 40 DA F in 2006. On an average, highest BCR (3.55) was recorded from weeding upto 30 DAT. Results revealed that the critical period of crop weed competition lies between 20 and 30 DAT and two times hand weeding would be necessary within 30 DAT for maximum benefit. Key Words: Crop-weed competitions, critical period, weed management and Indian spinach. doi: 10.3329/bjar.v33i4.2306 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(4) : 623-629, December 2008

scholarly journals Allelopathy of aqueous Pachyrhizus erosus L. extracts on Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Jaqueline de Araujo Barbosa ◽  
Silvio Douglas Ferreira ◽  
Adriana Cologni Salvalaggio ◽  
Neumárcio Vilanova da Costa ◽  
Márcia de Moraes Echer
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pachyrhizus Erosus ◽  
Dry Biomass

ABSTRACT Allelopathy contributes to the sustainable management of weeds in growing areas, due to its ability to inhibit the development of weed species. This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effect of Pachyrhizus erosus extract on Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa germination. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. The first factor corresponded to the plant portion (shoot and tuberous root), the second to the extract preparation method (water at room temperature and boiling) and the third to the extract concentrations (0 %, 25 %, 50 % and 100 %). Phytochemical analyses were performed to identify the presence of secondary metabolites. The variables germination percentage, germination rate index and dry biomass decreased with increasing aqueous extract concentrations for both E. heterophylla and B. pilosa. When applied a P. erosus crude shoot extract (boiling), decreases of 18 % and 92 % were observed in the E. heterophylla and B. pilosa germination, respectively, with a decrease of 91 % in the dry biomass of E. heterophylla seedlings. The tuberous root extract (boiling), on the other hand, reduced the germination percentages for E. heterophylla and B. pilosa in 18 % and 80 %, respectively. The phytochemical evaluation indicated the presence of flavonoids, coumarins and saponins in the shoot and tuberous root extracts, while tannins were only observed in the shoot extract. Thus, it can be concluded that P. erosus extracts display an allelopathic effect on the weed species evaluated.

scholarly journals Weed Management Potentials of Identified Invasive Weed Species

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabella T. Carcusia ◽  
Pet Roey L. Pascual ◽  
James Francienne J. Rosit
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Percent Mortality

Synthetic herbicide, the most popular weed control, causes environmental hazards. The use of allelopathy in controlling weeds is a possible alternative for sustainable weed management. The study was conducted to determine the allelopathic potentials of identified invasive weed species in terms of percent and rate of germination, plant height, length of leaves and roots and percent mortality of grasses, sedges, and broadleaves. The treatments were: T0-Pre/Post-emergence Herbicide, T1Tap Water, T2-Mimosa pudica extract,T3-Lantana camara extract,T4-Chromolaena odorata extract. These were compared according to their effects on Cenchrus spinifex, Conyza canadensis, Impatiens wallerana and Cyperus rotundus. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for Completely Randomized Design. A further test was done using Duncans Multiple Range Test (DMRT). For germination, Lantana camara is effective in reducing the percent germination and prolonging germination rate of most common weed species. On the other hand, Chromolaena odorata is effective in reducing the percent germination and prolonging the germination rate of Impatiens wallerana, while Mimosa pudica was effective against Cenchrus spinifex and Cyperus rotundus. For growth and development, Mimosa pudica was found to be the most effective in all common weed species, except for Cyperus rotundus where Chromolaena odorata was most effective on reducing the length of leaves and roots, and above ground fresh weight. Furthermore, Chromolaena odorata was found effective against both Cyperus rotundus and Conyza canadensis while Mimosa pudica was effective against Cenchrus spinifex in terms of percent mortality. Thus, such potential of invasive weed species for weed management should be utilized. 

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