Age Differences in the Use/Efficacy of Emotion Coping Strategies among Adults with Chronic Pain: A Scoping Review

Active coping strategies (e.g., exercise and pharmacological treatments) typically do not leave chronic pain patients completely pain-free. Therefore, individuals turn to emotion-focused strategies to cope with associated impairment and psychosocial consequences. General coping strategy use has been shown to differ by age. This scoping review explored age differences in the use and effectiveness of emotion-focused strategies in adults experiencing chronic pain. Studies were located via advanced searches in PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and Proquest Dissertations and Theses Global and referral. Two reviewers independently conducted abstract screenings and full-text extractions. Conflicts were discussed and resolved by the PI. We identified 15 studies that met our inclusion criteria, of which 14 met criteria for high methodologic quality. The majority of studies utilized the Coping Strategies Questionnaire to assess differential use of pain-coping strategies. The remaining studies used one of five other questionnaires. Only one study examined the differential effect of age on the efficacy of emotion-focused strategies. Five of the eight studies that examined hoping/prayer coping reported the strategy’s positive association with age. Age was not associated with ignoring pain or reinterpreting pain sensations in any of the eight studies in which these strategies were measured. We concluded that older age was associated with the use of praying/hoping as a means of coping with pain. No other consistent associations between age and other measured coping strategies were identified. Future research should account for auxiliary stressors and pain characteristics while investigating the differential effect of age on pain coping efficacy.

Understanding the Emotion Coping Strategies During Public Emergencies – From the Perspective of Psychological Distance

Research has investigated behavioral coping strategies for the negative emotions that public emergencies elicit. Accordingly, our current research explored how people coped with negative emotions in response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, from a cognitive perspective. Building on the theory of psychological distance and self-construal, we proposed that people who experienced fear, sadness and anxiety responded with independent-self construal, focusing on information that related to themselves and the novel virus (independent information). On the other hand, people who experienced fear, sadness and anger responded with interdependent-self construal, focusing on information that pertained to “us”, the virus and nature (interdependent information). We collected data from 1,142 participants at both the initial peak of the outbreak and when its spread had subsided. Based on this longitudinal data, we examined the effectiveness of these strategies, and our findings suggested that independent information was effective in decreasing fear and anxiety, while interdependent information effectively mitigated sadness. The findings could help researchers, practitioners, governments, and organizations to implement appropriate information strategies to regulate individuals’ negative emotions during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Nursing Students’ Challenges and Experiences of Undergoing Clinical Rotation Program during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) contagion which has resulted in millions of casualties worldwide has been bringing pressure and challenges to nursing students undergoing clinical rotation programs. In Indonesia, several schools of nursing have issued policies to keep facilitating clinical rotation education in the hospital. This policy identified several challenges that the students should face. AIM: This study aimed to explore nursing students’ challenges and experiences undergoing clinical rotation programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive approach to content analysis was employed. The study participants were 31 nursing students who undergo clinical rotation. These participants were purposefully chosen to use criteria. Participants’ age ranged from 23 to 25 years and has passed both the intensive care unit and intensive cardiovascular care unit stage. Data were collected through focus group discussion which was carried out 4 times and each FGD lasted for 90–120 min then analyzed using content analysis method that includes five major segments: Introduction, coding, theme creation, thematic classification, and reporting. RESULTS: The themes from the study included negative emotion in the initial stage, positive emotions, a competency that difficult to achieve, and strategies for coping and self-care. CONCLUSION: Constructive emotion coping strategy is believed to assist students in dealing with challenges amid the clinical rotation program. Implementation of clinical rotation learning for nursing students requires preparation from various aspects, such as student readiness, clinical supervisors, and support from academic institutions.

Coping strategies and chiropractic student perceived stress

Objective To investigate coping strategies adopted by chiropractic college students and how these strategies affect student-perceived stress levels. Methods Four hundred seven (407) 1st-quarter students were recruited during 2014 and 2015. The validated Brief COPE inventory was used to assess coping strategies during the 1st week of classes. Perceived Chiropractic College Stress (PCCS) was assessed via a modification of Vitaliano Perceived Medical School Stress survey instrument. The modified coping instrument was administered during the 1st quarter (PCCS1) and 6 months later during the 3rd quarter (PCCS2). Results Mean perceived stress levels were greater after 6 months. Although perceived stress increased more for females than for males over that period, it was not statistically significant. Male and female coping strategies differed only in the preferential use of emotional support by females. Students generally adopted active coping strategies (eg, active coping and planning) rather than avoidant strategies (eg, substance abuse). Regression analysis revealed a moderate positive relationship between avoidant-emotion coping and PCCS1 with a weaker positive correlation between problem-focused coping, sex, and PCCS1. Avoidant-emotion coping also demonstrated a moderate positive correlation with PCCS2. Neither sex nor the 3 coping strategies were predictors of PCCS change (PCCS2 – PCCS1). Conclusion This study is a starting point for exploring the relationship between perceived stress and coping behaviors in a chiropractic training institution. Students generally used healthy adaptive coping strategies with minimal sex differences. Avoidant-emotion coping appears to be a reliable predictor of PCCS, with sex being a poor predictor.

When Learning Goal Orientation Leads to Learning From Failure: The Roles of Negative Emotion Coping Orientation and Positive Grieving

Considering failure is a common result in project management, how to effectively learn from failure has becoming a more and more important topic for managers. Drawing on the goal orientation theory and grief recovery theory, the purpose of this paper is to clarify the impact of learning goal orientation on learning from failure. Furthermore, this paper examines the mediating effect of two negative emotion coping orientations (restoration orientation and loss orientation) and the moderating effect of positive grieving in this relationship. The results indicated that: (1) A learning goal orientation is positively related to learning from failure; (2) As a dual-path mediation model, restoration orientation and loss orientation mediate the relationship between a learning goal orientation and learning from failure; and (3) Positive grieving negatively moderates the relationship between a loss orientation and learning from failure.

Functional Decoupling of Emotion Coping Network Subsides Automatic Emotion Regulation by Implementation Intention

Automatic emotion regulation (AER) plays a vital role in the neuropathology underlying both suicide and self-harm via modifying emotional impact effortlessly. However, both the effortless account and the neural mechanisms of AER are undetermined. To investigate the neural changes at AER, we collected functional MRI (fMRI) in 31 participants who attended to neutral and disgust pictures in three conditions: watching, goal intention (GI), and reappraisal by implementation intention (RII). Results showed that RII (but not GI) decreased negative feelings and bilateral amygdala activity without increasing cognitive efforts, evidenced by the reduced effort rating and less prefrontal engagement during RII compared with during watching and GI. These emotion-regulatory effects of RII cannot be explained by emotional habituation, as the supplementary experiment ( N = 31 ) showed no emotional habituation effects when the same disgust pictures were presented repeatedly three times for each watching and GI condition. Task-based network analysis showed both RII and GI relative to watching increased functional connectivities (FCs) of the ventral anterior cingulate cortex to the left insula and right precuneus during conditions, two FCs subserving goal setup. However, RII relative to GI exhibited weaker FCs in brain networks subserving effortful control, memory retrieval, aversive anticipation, and motor planning. In these FCs, the FC intensity of putamen-operculum/lingual and paracentral-superior temporal gyri positively predicted regulatory difficulty ratings. These findings suggest that the setup of implementation intention automatizes emotion regulation by reducing the online mobilization of emotion-coping neural systems.

The Role of Approach and Avoidance Motivation and Emotion Regulation in Coping Via Health Information Seeking

When dealing with a health threat, health information seeking (HIS) is a prominent way of engagement coping. Yet, there is only limited research as to its motivational and emotion regulatory antecedents. We present a theoretical model integrating approach and avoidance motivation, emotion regulation, HIS self-efficacy, and problem and emotion coping focus as predictors of HIS. We propose that, in the context of HIS, (1) approach and avoidance motivation have a direct effect on emotion regulation ability (positive and negative, respectively), (2) approach and avoidance motivation have indirect effects on intended comprehensiveness of search via emotion regulation, HIS self-efficacy and problem coping focus, (3) avoidance motivation has a direct effect on emotion coping focus. Our model was tested by means of structural equation modeling in a sample of university students (N = 283). Model fit was good, and all three hypotheses were supported. We show that emotion regulation ability is essential to explain the effects of approach and avoidance motivation on HIS as it fosters self-efficacy and a problem coping focus. The direct effect of avoidance motivation on emotion focus may represent an alternative way of coping with a health threat for those individuals who are highly sensitive to threat-related emotions.

He Will Never Walk Outside of a Prison Again: An Examination of Twitter Users’ Responses to the Larry Nassar Case

To successfully manage a crisis in sports, it is necessary to examine the public’s emotions and other emotion-related responses. Without this knowledge, an organization will likely be disconnected from the needs of the public. Inspired by the key constructs in the integrated crisis mapping model, this study examined emotion, coping, and responsibility attribution through a content analysis of tweets during the Larry Nassar scandal involving Michigan State University and USA Gymnastics. This study analyzed a sample of 3,088 tweets generated by the public several days following the sentencing of Larry Nassar. The findings had both theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, the findings provided an extension of emotions examined and suggested ways in which the model could be expanded to accommodate varied crisis situations. Furthermore, the study revealed important findings regarding levels of attributions and the relationship of the public’s emotions and attribution of responsibilities. On a practical level, the findings offered tangible suggestions for sports communication managers when developing appropriate strategies and tactics considering public sentiments such as emotions, coping strategies, and attributions on social media.