Is There a Link between Suckling and Manipulation Behavior during Rearing in Pigs?

Inadequate possibilities to perform oral manipulation behavior for pigs can lead to misdirection and thus tail biting. Our study aimed to analyze manipulation behaviors of weaner pigs with focus on tail biting and the relationship with agonistic characteristics of the piglets during suckling. We analyzed the individual manipulation behavior of 188 weaner pigs. General health condition and tail lesions were determined weekly. Correlations were estimated between weight at weaning and at the end of rearing period, frequency of manipulative rearing behaviors and Dominance and social tension index based on suckling behavior. Principal component and cluster analyses were performed to identify groups of piglets which showed similar suckling and rearing behaviors. Tail biting increased at the middle and end of rearing with switching roles of biters and victims. Tail lesions were correlated with received tail biting behavior but occurred with a delay of more than a week. The frequency of performed tail biting was correlated with dominance index (rs = −0.256, p < 0.01) and weaning weight (rs = −0.199, p < 0.05). We assume that performed tail biting is more often observed in pigs who show mainly submissive behavior in teat disputes.

ANALYSIS OF A.YA. KAPLAN HRV PARAMETRES OF JERSEY BREED COWS WITH DIFFERENT VEGETATIVE STATUS

The article reveals the possibilities of cardiointervalometry using the modern complex electrophysiological laboratory “CONAN - 4.5”. In modern economic conditions, the intensification of animal breeding requires deep and all-sided knowledge of many sciences, especially biology and physiology. The body of an animal consistently undergoes interrelated morphological, biochemical and functional changes that provide functional reserves such as energy, metabolic and informational resources. The adaptation mechanisms and cattle economic use duration in modern conditions of industrial production of livestock products depend on the nature and severity of these reserves. The estimation of slow and fast-wave components of variability of the cardiointervals is carried out - the numerical values of A. Kaplan’s parametres of heart rate variability (respiratory modulation index (RMD), sympathoadrenal tonus index (SATI), slow wave arrhythmia index (SWAI)) of Jersey cows, which reflect the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic vegetative nerve system. Mathematical processing of heart rate variability with application of R.M. Baevsky’s method was used in the study. The test group of Jersey cows was divided into subgroups based on the tension index, and initial vegetative statuses were established on its basis. The distribution of the studied group of Jersey cows based on the tension index of regulatory systems was confirmed by statistical processing using the classification matrix, which was 91.26% and with the square degree of Mahalonobis distance D2 between the groups. The obtained statistically processed data in the course of the scientific research have true meaning. In this work, the analysis of the obtained numerical values of of A.Ya. Kaplan’s parametres was carried out and the relationship between the initial vegetative tonus of Jersey cows and the obtained values was considered.

HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN WOODWORKING MACHINIST TRAINEES DURING WORKSHOP PRACTICE

The impact of specific factors on students during workshop practice results in tension of regulatory and adaptive mechanisms. This fact can be estimated according to the heart rate variability (HRV). It is of the integral indicators reflecting all mechanisms of cardiac regulation. The aim of the study is to assess students’ adaptive capacity during workshop training based on HRV. Materials and Methods. The authors divided 30 students into two groups: a group of less adapted and a group of more adapted students. J. Strelau’s theory on temperament and H. Eysenck's personality types were used for the purpose. The authors studied heart rate variability at the beginning and at the end of workshop practice. Statistika 6.0 for Windows was used to process the results. Results. The authors distinguished differences in HRV in two study groups. Before practice, the regulatory system tension index was 479.64 in the group of less adapted students. It was 106.86 in the group of more adapted students. The total power (ms2) indicating adaptive capacity was by 80.9 % higher in more adapted students. After workshop practice, changes in the tonus of the autonomic nervous system were observed in both study groups. However, in the group of less adapted students, indicators confirming sympathicotonia and a decrease in heart rate variability changed to a greater degree. Thus, tension index in the group of more adapted students increased by 46.7 %, and in the group of less adapted students – by 209.9 %. The authors also observed a decrease in the total power: in more adapted students by 51.3 %, and in the less adapted students by 54.3 %. Results. Analysis of HRV showed a more evident adverse influence of workshop practice on less adapted students. Keywords: students, workshop practice, heart rate variability. Воздействие специфических факторов на учащихся при прохождении производственной практики приводит к напряжению регуляторно-адаптивных механизмов, что можно оценить по вариабельности ритма сердца (ВРС) – одному из интегральных показателей, отражающих механизмы сердечной регуляции на всех уровнях. Цель исследования. Оценить адаптивные возможности учащихся при прохождении производственной практики по показателям ВРС. Материалы и методы. У 33 учащихся, разделенных согласно теории Я. Стреляу и в соответствии с психологическими типами личности по Айзенку на группы менее адаптированных и более адаптированных, изучили вариабельность ритма сердца в начале и конце производственной практики. Для обработки результатов исследования применяли программу Statistika 6,0 for Windows. Результаты. Установлены различия ВРС в двух исследуемых группах. До практики индекс напряжения регуляторных систем (ИН) в группе менее адаптированных составил 479,64, в группе более адаптированных учащихся – 106,86. Общая мощность спектра ТР (мс2), свидетельствующая об адаптивных возможностях, у более адаптированных учащихся была выше на 80,9 %. После производственной практики изменения тонуса вегетативной нервной системы отмечены в обеих исследуемых группах. Однако в группе менее адаптированных учащихся показатели, свидетельствующие о симпатикотонии и уменьшении вариабельности ритма сердца, изменились в большей степени. Так, ИН в группе более адаптированных учащихся увеличился на 46,7 %, а в группе менее адаптированных – на 209,9 %. Отмечено уменьшение общей мощности спектра: у более адаптированных на 51,3 %, у менее адаптированных на 54,3 %. Выводы. На основании анализа ВРС показано более выраженное неблагоприятное влияние производственной практики на менее адаптированных учащихся. Ключевые слова: учащиеся, производственная практика, вариабельность ритма сердца.

SYSTEM OF MONITORING, ANALYSIS AND EXPERTISE OF LABOUR RELATIONS

The aim of the study is to justify and demonstrate the capabilities, to show the prospects of formation of the system of monitoring, analysis and examination of labour relations in the Russian Federation as a whole, a decomposition to the level of 85 regions and further on municipalities. The provisions and conclusions of the article rely on the system analysis of the key prerequisites for creating the proposed system, the experience of creating such systems in our country since 1995, as well as the development trends of modern society, determined by digitalization and globalization of public relations. The study defines the goals, objectives, technological features of the system under consideration and systematizes information flows that can ensure its smooth operation and the generation of the necessary analytical data. The authors schematically present the architecture of the state information system. They pay particular attention to the social tension index in the respective municipality, region or federation as a whole. The article describes the goals, tasks, and algorithm for creating an information and analytical (situational) center for social and labour relations.

The typology of mechanisms of adaptation to the cognitive load on the variability of heart rate dynamics

While analyzing heart rate variability there were detected two types of visceral adaptation to cognitive activities: the first one is characterized by decrease of tension index (Baevskiy, 1984) and increase of heart rate variability at a cognitive load, along with increased power of regulatory effects on the heart rate; the second one is defined by higher heart rate variability, higher power of regulatory effects before the cognitive load and increase of the strain index during cognitive load in the absence of other significant changes. It is peculiar for people related to these types to possess different correlation relationships between the indices of sensory-motor reactions and heart rate variability.

Effectivenss of complex physical rehabilitation of infants with perinatal central nervous system injury

Aim. To study the effectiveness of complex physical rehabilitation use in infants with perinatal central nervous system injury.Methods. A complex examination of children with perinatal central nervous system pathology was performed. Based on identified changes, a method of children complex physical rehabilitation was developed, theoretically proved and tested, including manual relaxing massage and anti-gravity gymnastics. The study included 360 children of the first year of life. Massage was performed starting from 3-4 weeks of a child’s life, the procedure duration was 20-25 minutes. Antigravity gymnastics was performed for 3-4 minutes in children aged 1-2 months, 8-10 min - at the age of 3-4 months, 10-15 minutes - at the age of 5-6 months and older. Course consisted of 15-20 procedures, five times a week.Results.. Effectiveness evaluation was conducted in two ways: objective and subjective. Objectively: the positive dynamics of neurological symptoms was reported, symptoms of brain hypoxia, regulatory systems tension index were significantly decreased, the sleep-wake ratio normalized, weight gain occurred. Subjectively: 360 parents of children up to 1 year were interviewed. 93.6±1.3% of the respondents were satisfied with quality of care. Omsk region inhabitants satisfaction was 95.45±1.1% and was higher than in Omsk (93.5±1.3%, pConclusion. The applied method of complex physical rehabilitation of children of the first year of life with perinatal central nervous system injury showed high efficacy in the absence of side effects and may be reproduced in any institutions where rehabilitation measures are performed.