Comprehensive Study of the Action of Corrosion Inhibitors Based on Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Solutions of Hydrochloric and Sulfamic Acids

Acid treatments are one of the methods for intensifying oil and gas production. Corrosion is a significant factor affecting the performance of oilfield equipment. There are many different methods of preventing corrosion, but corrosion inhibitors are most commonly used in industry. The protective effect of the inhibitor is directly determined by the effective adsorption of surfactants on the metal surface. For an indirect assessment of the adsorption of the inhibitor, a comprehensive research method is proposed based on the determination of the interfacial tension of acid compositions and steel plates’ contact angle of wetting after corrosion tests. It was found that in hydrochloric acid the adsorption of the inhibitor IC-1 reaches a maximum after 6 h, an increase in the acid concentration in the range of 5–15% wt. has a negative effect on the activity of the inhibitor. For sulfamic acid, the maximum adsorption of the IC-2 inhibitor is observed after 24 h, an increase in acid concentration has a positive effect on surfactants.

Wellbore Integrity and CO2 Sequestration Using Polyaramide Vesicles

A new cementing additive is chemically engineered to react with formation fluids that act antagonistically towards cement. Engineered polymer capsules house encapsulants to react with antagonistic gases downhole like CO2 to form a more benign and beneficial material. Embedded in cement, the polymer capsules with semi-permeable shells allow fluids to permeate and react with encapsulants to produce beneficial byproducts, such as calcite and water from CO2. Reactivity between the encapsulant and antagonist gas CO2 is demonstrated using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and other tests from oilfield equipment. When cement fails, casing-in-casing events, or CCA, causes antagonistic gases like CO2 to migrate to the surface. Embedded in the cement for such moments such as cement failure, additives housed within polyaramide vesicles chemically and physically intersect CO2 from gas migration events. The shape of the polyaramide additive is unique and versatile. Furthermore, because the material is polymeric, it imparts beneficial mechanical properties like elasticity to cement. A vesicle in form, this polymer allows the manufacturing of new cement additives for applications such as increasing the integrity and sustainability of oil well cement. Data also shows production of calcite by the bulk of the material. This technology applies to CO2 fixation and self-healing cement using reactive polymer vesicles.

The Choice of the Optimal Strategy for the Use of Solvents of High-Molecular Organic Deposits, Considering their Complex Composition and the Effect on the Oil Dispersion System

The long-term practice of operating wells producing oil rich in paraffins and asphaltenes has shown that the optimization of technologies for the removal of solid high-molecular organic deposits (asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits) in oilfield equipment, lifting pipes and flow lines makes it possible to effectively solve the issues of improving the environmental friendliness and energy efficiency of oil production. The use of composite hydrocarbon solvents is one of the most well-known methods used to remove asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits. Thus, to date, there is no systemic solution to this issue. This paper is aimed at discussing the provisions that determine the possible prospects for the development of an optimal strategy for the use of solvents for the removal of asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits.

The Local Corrosion Rate Determination According to Weight Measurements Corrosion Coupons in Oilfield Conditions

Complications associated with a corrosive environment, according to Rosneft's data as of 01.01.2020, are among the prevailing at oil and gas production facilities and rank fourth among other factors complicating production - 12% the complicated mechanized wells. Failures due to corrosion are the second largest complicating factors. Based on the results of approbation, the article proposes a method for calculating the maximum rate of local carbon dioxide corrosion, applicable in oilfield conditions, including to complicated stocks of oil wells and pipelines of oil gathering systems. Based on the approbation results, a method for calculating the maximum rate of local carbon dioxide corrosion, applicable in oilfield conditions, including to complicated stocks of oil wells and oil gathering pipelines systems is proposed in the article. The proposed technique is realizable according to the results one of "traditional" methods the corrosion monitoring - weight (or gravimetric). The approbation results and application possibility the technique in the pilot tests process in assessing the protective ability of corrosion inhibitors and the selection the effective dosages in relation to local damages, which are the main cause the oilfield equipment failures according the factor "Corrosive aggressiveness" (one of the complicating factors in terms of gradation, adopted in the Rosneft Company regulations). On practical examples the oilfield equipment operation, the results of corrosion monitoring and the summary statistics the corrosive stock of wells (using the example of an oil Company), the current situation with respect to this type of complication and relevance the issue under consideration is shown.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A UNIVERSAL CORROSION INHIBITOR

In the article, in order to eliminate of the corrosion process, a universal bactericidal inhibitor was developed, based on the condensation products of aminoethylethanolamine and fatty acids. The bactericidal properties of the developed inhibitor were investigated. In wells operated on offshore platforms of O.G.E.O. on May 28, SOCSR carried out chemical and microbiological analysis of formation waters. The number of bactericidal cells of the investigated inhibitor and their vital activity indicate the bactericidal effect of its organizing advantage. The topic posed in this article is topical and has great theoretical and practical importance. An inhibiting composition has been developed, obtained on the basis of processing the residue of condensation products of aminoethylethanolamine and fatty acids, which have high inhibitory properties in model solutions. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of this inhibitor have been determined. The inhibiting properties of the composition of the new series, moreover, with a different composition in hydrogen sulfide media of oil fields of formation waters, imitating siphate-reducing bacteria, with respect to the bactericidal effect, have been established. Keywords: corrosion, oilfield equipment, inhibitor protection, aggressive protection, aggressive environment, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, carbonate, dispersed particle.

Influences of the Water Cut of Pumping Oil and the Mineralization of the Associated Water on the Rate of Sludging

The problem of the formation of organic deposits on the inside surfaces of borehole equipment and oilfield pipelines, which is urgent for all active oil fields, was considered in the study. The formation of these deposits leads to decreased lifespans for oilfield equipment and accidents involving oil pipelines and wells. The aim of our work was to estimate the dependencies of the organic deposition’s formation-rate factor on the water cut of the investigated water–oil emulsion and the mineralization of the water phase. Examination via generation of asphaltene–resin–paraffin deposits on the surfaces of cold rods was carried out with a “Cold Finger” CF-4 unit. Coefficients of specific oil sludging, fluid sludging and rate sludging have been determined. It has been defined that in the definite oilfields, the rate of sludging does not increase as the water content in the emulsion increases. As water-phase mineralization increases, this value remains practically constant.

The INVESTIGATION OF VARIOUS PHOSPHATE CORROSION INHIBITORS IN CARBON DIOXIDE

Corrosion leads to huge losses every year, and solving this problem is an important task. One of the effective methods of corrosion protection of equipment and pipelines in the oil industry is the use of corrosion inhibitors. Inhibitory protection is the most technological and effective way to control corrosion of oilfield equipment. The article deals with phosphate corrosion inhibitors of complex action in a carbon dioxide environment. The method of corrosion testing is generally accepted. Quantitative indicators of corrosion processes were calculated using formulas, and the measurement uncertainty was estimated using an algorithm using the Student's coefficient with a confidence probability of 0.95. In the course of the work, potentiometric determination of the pH of corrosive media using a combined glass electrode and an ionomer, conductometric and photocolorimetric determination of the content of iron (III) with potassium rhodanide, as well as methods of infrared spectroscopy and electron microscopy were carried out.

INSULATION OF WATER FLOWS AND INTERVAL TREATMENT OF THE FORMATION IN CONDITIONS OF CRACK-PORE COLLECTORS

Мировая нефтепромысловая практика показывает, что в условиях неоднородных трещинно-поровых пластов высокопроницаемые интервалы, доля которых составляет обычно 30 - 40 %, зачастую являются и основными путями опережающего обводнения скважин, что является очень большой проблемой, требующей привлечения дополнительных материальных ресурсов по борьбе с обводнением скважин и коррозией нефтепромыслового оборудования. The world oilfield practice shows that in the conditions of heterogeneous fractured-porous formations, high-permeability intervals, the share of which is usually 30-40%, are often the main ways of anticipatory watering of wells, which is a very big problem requiring additional material resources to combat water-cutting and corrosion of oilfield equipment.

OIL LAW AND CRIMINAL VIOLATIONS IN "SKHIDNYTSIA CALIFORNIA"

Summary. The purpose of the article – is to study the most secret criminal environment of "Skhidnytsia California" – one of the most remote centres of oil extraction attracting the attention of hundreds of well-known financial swindlers in the Habsburg Empire as well as organized criminal groups. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, systematics, objectivity as well as methods of historiographical analysis and synthesis. The scientific novelty of the article is an attempt to research criminal offenses that took place in the Skhidnytsia area. Conclusions. The analyzed problem has attracted scientific interest. The historians tried to show that in the XIX – early XX centuries oil became the subject of blatant controversy in society, the cause of global crises, numerous wars, international exile, instant wealth and a source of profit for the criminal world, which managed to organize an effective web of grey economy around the oil business less associated with the indigenous population of the province. The authors show that organized criminal groups appeared in the vicinity of Skhidnytsia in the early twentieth century and they were engaged exclusively in robbery of the local population, robbery of oil rigs, branches of savings banks, etc. In particular, many thefts were directly related to oilfield equipment, which was very expensive and sold in Skhidnytsia specialty stores. Many facts have been found which indicate to the existence of unwritten customary law among "industrial gangs" mainly based on the principle of silence and blood revenge. The authors raced that increased of brine production, shadow capital accumulation, clandestine transit, money laundering, fire losses, employee irresponsibility, unpaid wages and hundreds of other precedents were the source of litigation, which in turn were a living field for the fashionable legal business, which against the background of the oil industry, and even more so the rigid tax system was increasingly adapted to industrial conditions of "Skhidnytsia California".

Analysis of reliability of the drill pipe in the clamping mechanism

In oilfield equipment, a significant place is occupied by clamping mechanisms used to grip pipes during tripping operations. They are mainly divided into 2 groups. The first includes mechanisms with a forced clamping of the part. The second group includes self-clamping devices with a wedge mechanism. Here, the clamping force increases in proportion to the axial shear force. In these clamping devices, clamping jaws serve as a common element. In addition to smooth jaws, there may be jaws with notches on the inner cylindrical surface. Such notches contribute to an increase in the coefficient of adhesion when clamping cylindrical parts, in particular pipes. During the operation of clamping devices with corrugated jaws, the teeth of the notch are introduced into the pipe walls under the action of the clamping force. The shearing force can then displace the pipe relative to the jaws. The adhesion coefficient µ is the ratio of the shear force P to the clamping force Q, i.e. P/Q. Exceeding the shear force P of the limit value causes the pipe to be clamped to move. The correct choice of the place of load application is also of great importance. Optimum clamping performance can be achieved by clamping workpieces without slipping from shear forces. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure reliability, efficiency, productivity. Therefore, all factors that determine the holding capacity of clamping mechanisms should be considered. These factors include the coefficient of adhesion, the design of the working surfaces of the clamping elements, the type of notch of the corrugated jaws and the place of application of the clamping force