Features of ‘Nenglish’, an Emerging Variety of English

English has gained a high value in Nepalese societies. The craze of English Medium Instruction at schools, use of English in government and private offices and adoption of it by Nepalese speaker has shown that English has slowly become our property, our language. As a result we are on the way to develop ‘our English’ i.e. Nenglish or Nepanglish. This paper excavates and explains the features of Nepali English that is used commonly in Nepal. This article is mainly a desk research which also includes researcher’s observation of the English phenomena in the town. The findings show that Nepali English is on the way to being a special variety of English and has several features such as being influenced by ‘Hinglish’; utilizing American lexicon; adopting words from Sanskrit language; including special modification and coinage; Nepaliness in pronouncing and adding tag questions etc.

Legitimizing Racism: Critical Discourse Analysis of White Supremacy in Trump’s Political Speeches

Nowadays, the concept of racism has been frequently used by people and more specifically by political figures as a social phenomenon that has been utilized as a"legitimising ideological tool". It is exploited to persecute an addressed group/s and to dispute them access to some social, cultural and political rights (Miles, 1993: 28). Moreover, it has been considered as “a special variety of ‘heterophobia’, bearing a co-hyponymical relation to ‘antisemitism’ or ‘Jewphobia’, ‘Arab-phobia’, ‘black-phobia’, ‘sexism’, ‘homophobia’, ‘youth-phobia’ and ‘phobia against differently-abled persons’, etc.”(Reisigl and Wodak, 2001: 5-6). However, this study aims to identify the use of racism in the political arena (more specifically in the political speech of Donald Trump) and illustrate the functional use by analyzing three American political speeches given by the former American presidents. The analysis is based on the qualitative research method and the discursive strategies proposed by Reisigl and Wodak’s (2001: 45). The analysis results will show to the reader that, in the political speeches of Donald Trump, racism is expressed both explicitly and implicitly.

Saaz Special – another hop variety recommended for Czech beer

The specification of varietal profiles of secondary metabolites of hops in beer is rather important for hop growing and beer brewing. Chemical and sensory profiles of beers hopped with the varieties of Saaz Special and the traditional Saaz semiearly red bine hops (Saaz) were compared in three-year pilot brews (200 L). Single kettle hopped beers and single kettle + dry hopped beers were prepared. The overall sensory impression of the Saaz Special beers was comparable to Saaz hops. The profile of essential oils and hop aromas/flavours in the beer was partially different, but the hop aroma did not receive a worse rating than Saaz. The Saaz Special dry hopped beers were clearly distinguished from Saaz in triangle tests, but no preference was given to either variety. Based on the achieved results, the Saaz Special variety was listed among varieties recommended for the production of the beer with the Protected Geographical Indication of Czech Beer thanks to the achieved results.

Nonspecial varieties and generalised Lang–Vojta conjectures

We construct a family of fibred threefolds $X_m \to (S , \Delta )$ such that $X_m$ has no étale cover that dominates a variety of general type but it dominates the orbifold $(S,\Delta )$ of general type. Following Campana, the threefolds $X_m$ are called weakly special but not special. The Weak Specialness Conjecture predicts that a weakly special variety defined over a number field has a potentially dense set of rational points. We prove that if m is big enough, the threefolds $X_m$ present behaviours that contradict the function field and analytic analogue of the Weak Specialness Conjecture. We prove our results by adapting the recent method of Ru and Vojta. We also formulate some generalisations of known conjectures on exceptional loci that fit into Campana’s program and prove some cases over function fields.

Perfect grams in Lithuanian and Latvian: A comparative analysis based on a typological questionnaire

This article presents a first detailed comparative investigation of the semantics of the perfect verbal forms in standard Lithuanian and Latvian. A typological questionnaire filled by five Latvian and seven Lithuanian informants reveals the difference in the degree of grammaticalization of the present perfect between the two Baltic languages. The set of contexts available for the present perfect in Latvian is wider and more reminiscent of the perfects in English and Scandinavian languages in comparison to the Lithuanian counterpart. While in Lithuanian the present perfect is restricted to the experiential and the resultative contexts, where it is also often substituted by the simple past, Latvian also employs the present perfect to convey the meanings of ‘hot news’, current relevance and persistent situation. The past perfect, on the contrary, is more frequent in Lithuanian and appears to be a separate category rather than a past tense version of the present perfect. The article also discusses the use of the future perfect and of a special variety of the perfect with the auxiliary in the evidential form, as well as the use of ‘bare’ participles formally coinciding with the second component of the analytical perfect form but used without the auxiliary.

“Russian Muzhiks – Who Else if not Russians…”: Why Gogol is so Difficult to Translate

The author addresses the issue of how peculiarities of Gogol’s narrative style can be retained in the translations of “Petersburg Stories” and “Dead Souls”, with special focus on the attitude of the narrator towards what is reported. The main attention is paid to constructions with the qualificator russkij ‘Russian’ referring to phenomena deeply rooted in Russian culture and, on the face of it, serving to highlight the national “local color”. Still, on a closer inspection one finds that, contrary to expectations, relevant constructions reflect alienation of the narrator with respect to reported events, being a kind of exoticisms and thus additionally complicating translation. It is well-advised for Gogol’s translators to be mindful of this special variety of exoticization characteristic of his prose.

On the nature and origins of cognition as a form of motivated activity

A fundamental challenge for enactive theory and other radical varieties of non-representational “E cognition” is to reconceive the end-directed character of cognitive activity in naturally emergent but also experientially adequate terms. In short, it is necessary to show how cognitive activity is motivated. In this article, I present a preliminary analysis of the nature of motivation and the challenge that it presents to cognitive science. I make the case that a theory of motivation is a critical desideratum for dynamical theories of cognition, especially insofar as they understand cognition as a self-organized and “soft assembled” process. Finally, I propose that a branch of ecological psychology that conceives of cognition as a special variety of “dissipative adaptation” offers a promising framework for confronting this challenge.

Aquamarine Gemstone

Aquamarine gemstone is one of the Beryl mineral varieties with Beryllium aluminium silicate composition. Its bluish green color caused from Fe2+ions puts it as a special variety. It is used in jewellery and has some industrial applications. This beautiful gemstone is reported from few countries only, namely India, Brazil, Canada, China, Italy, Pakistan, Russia, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, United Kingdom, United States, Mexico and Vietnam. The present study collected its occurrences from various parts of the world and studied the variation of oxides analyzed from Aquamarine. It is observed that SiO2 ranges from 64.99% to 72.48%, Al2O3:11.63% to 19.91%; BeO: 12.9% to 13.79%; FeO: 0.11% to 5.03%; CaO:0.01 %to 0.83%;MgO:0.00% to 1.93%; Na2O:0.10% to 3.53%; K2O:nearly zero to 3.31% and MnO:0.00% to 0.06%.

Land Plots as a Variety of Immovable Things

The article deals with attributes of immovable things, land plots in particular, as a special variety of an immovable thing. We have analyzed legal precedents, which allowed identifying various items of immovable property and relate them to each other. In our research, we used general scientific and law-specific methods of cognition: historical legal, formal legal, comparative legal, etc. We have found gaps in the land legislation and civil legislation related to incomplete definitions and lack of clearly described attributes of immovable things. We have accounted for the latest legislative changes characterizing judicial attribute of any immovable property. Based on the identified attributes, we divided real estate into groups and provided a definition for the concept of a land plot as a special variety of real estate, without which things cannot exist and may not be divided into movable and immovable.