scholarly journals FUNGSI ADJEKTIVA KOMPARATIF DALAM BAHASA MADURA DIALEK KANGEAN DAN DAMPAKNYA BAGI MASYARAKAT KANGEAN: KAJIAN PRAGMATIK [The Function of Comparative Adjectives in Kangean Dialect of Madurese Language and its Impact]

TOTOBUANG ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-271
Author(s):  
Mutaallim Hafidz ◽  
Fahmi Reza Alfani ◽  
La Mahidin ◽  
Yuana Dwi Agustin ◽  
Damon Wicaksi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Field Note ◽  
Distributional Method ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Comparative Adjectives ◽  
Participatory Observation

Comparative adjectives of Kangean Dialect of Madurese Language (KDML) are the basic adjectives that has A+D+(-an) stucture or lebbi. This study explored the function of comparative adjectives in KDML and its impact for the Kangean community. The theories used to explore and determine the comparative adjective function are descriptive and pragmatic theories. The research is a qualitative research. The method used in this research is the participatory observation method. The data were obtained from interviews with the dialect speakers by voice recording and field note-taking. Besides, researchers used the introspectiveve method (reflective-introspection method). The data that has been collected were transcribed into written form of orthographic transcription, then translated and classified according to its function. The method applied for analyzing the data are equivalent and distributional method. Meanwhile, the methods used for displaying the results of data analysis are informal and formal steps. The results showed that in KDML, there are several functions of comparative adjectives, namely to motivate, praise, admonish, command, insinuate, advise, criticize and accuse. Meanwhile, the impact of adjective utterances, people become more optimistic, comfortable, easy to appreciate, entertained, strong, cautious, deterred, and humble. Adjektiva komparatif bahasa Madura dialek Kangean (BMDK) merupakan adjektiva dasar yang memiliki struktur A+D+(-an) atau lebbi. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi fungsi adjektiva komparatif dalam BMDK dan dampaknya bagi komunitas Kangean. Teori yang digunakan untuk menggali dan menentukan fungsi adjektiva komparatif adalah teori deskriptif dan pragmatik. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode observasi partisipatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan penutur dialek Kangean melalui rekaman dan catatan lapangan. Selain itu, peneliti menggunakan metode introspektif (metode reflektif-introspekturis). Data yang sudah terkumpul ditranskrip ke dalam bentuk tulisan dengan transkripsi ortografis, kemudian diterjemahkan dan diklasifikasikan sesuai fungsinya. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah metode ekuivalen dan metode agih dan metode yang digunakan untuk menampilkan hasil analisis data adalah langkah-langkah formal dan nonformal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam BMDK terdapat beberapa fungsi adjektiva komparatif yakni untuk memotivasi, memuji, menegur, memerintah, menyindir, menasihati, mencela dan menuduh. Sedangkan dampaknya adalah masyarakat lebih optimis, peka, mudah menghargai, terhibur, kuat, berhati-hati, jera, dan rendah diri.   

ADJEKTIVA SUPERLATIF BAHASA MADURA DIALEK KANGEAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN PRAGMATIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Muta'allim Muta'allim ◽  
Akhmad Sofyan ◽  
Akhmad Haryono
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Native People ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Pragmatic Theory ◽  
Field Note ◽  
Distributional Method ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Participatory Observation ◽  
Voice Recording

Superlative adjectives of Madura Kangean Dialect (MKD) are  repetitive adjectives that has R+D+(-an) structure or paleng. Superlative adjectives in MKD are used to describe different functions of utterances according to the contexts. The native people of Kangean island possess a distinctive dialect called Kangean dialect. This study explored the functions of superlative adjectives in MDK. Theories used to determine the functions of superlative adjectives in this research are descriptive and pragmatic theory. This study employed participatory observation method. The data were obtained from interviews with the dialect speakers by voice recording and field note -taking. In addition, the researchers also used reflective-introspective method. The collected data were then transcribed into written form of orthographic transcription. The method applied for analyzing the data are equivalent and distributional method. Meanwhile, the methods used for displaying the results of data analysis are informal and formal steps. The results of this study indicate that superlative adjectives of MKD have different functions, such as for giving motivation, praise, reprimand, satire, advice, orders, blemishes and accusations.

scholarly journals TINDAK TUTUR IMPERATIF (KALĀM AL-AMR) DALAM TEKS DRAMA A’S-SULTHĀN AL-CHĀˈIR KARYA TAUFIQ AL-CHAKIM (ANALISIS PRAGMATIK)

Jurnal CMES ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Jamil Aulia, Arifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Distributional Method ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Equivalent Method

This study discusses the imperative speech acts markers and their functions in a drama entitled a’s-Sulthān al-Chāˈir a work by Taufiq Al-Chakim. This study aimed at identifying the imperative speech acts markers and explaining the functions of those imperative speech acts in a’s-Sulthān al-Chāˈir drama. This study is a typical qualitative research. The method of data collection in this study used the attentive observation method followed by the basic tapping and advanced note-taking techniques. The data in this study are clauses or sentences which realize the imperative speech acts. The method applied in analyzing the data is the distributional method which technically followed by the technique of direct elements and the pragmatic equivalent method. Having analyzed 208 data which constitute of 220 sentences, the results are as follow: (1) the imperative speech acts in a’s-Sulthān al-Chāˈir drama a work by Taufiq Al-Chakim were realized in standard and non-standard markers, with more standard markers than non-standard markers. The standard markers were realized by the fi’l al-amr marker as many as 186 words, ism fi’l al-amr as many as 41 words (typical repetition), mashdar which represents fi’l al-amr as many as 25 words, and fi’l al-mudhāri’ which are attached to the particle lām al-amr as many as 16 words. The non-standard markers are realized with declarative sentences or kalām al-khabar as many as 7 sentences and the interrogative sentences or istifhām as many as 4 sentences. (2) the imperative speech acts in a’s-Sulthān al-Chāˈir drama a work by Taufiq Al-Chakim has various functions among others for commanding as many as 100 sentences, inviting or offering were found as many as 60 sentences, requesting as many as 34 sentences, advising as many as 14 sentences, threatening of 7 sentences, weakening as many as 2 sentences, allowing as many as 2 sentences, and giving a choice was found 1 sentence.

scholarly journals Sarkarsme Bahasa Bima pada Status Media Facebook

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-200
Author(s):  
Rosnaini Herawati ◽  
Syahbuddin ◽  
Syamsinas Jafar
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Matching Methods ◽  
Observation Method

Abstrak: Penelitian ini merupakan kajian tentang analisis sarkasme bahasa Bima pada status media facebook. Permasalahan yang dibahas adalah: (1) bagaimana bentuk lingual sarkasme bahasa Bima pada status media facebook (2) bagaimanakah makna sarkasme bahasa Bima pada status media facebook (3) bagaimakah fungsi sarkasme bahasa Bima pada status media facebook Tujuan penelitian, yakni: (1) mendeskripsikan bentuk lingual sarkasme bahasa Bima pada status media facebook (2)) mendeskripsikan makna sarkasme bahasa Bima pada status media facebook (3) mendeskripsikan fungsi sarkasme bahasa Bima pada status media facebook  Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode dokumentasi dan metode simak dengan teknik catat. Analisis data menggunakan metode padan intralingual dan padan ekstralingual. Adapun penyajian hasil analisis data menggunakan metode informal. Hasil penelitian ini adalah  (1) sarkasme bahasa Bima pada status media facebookberupa kata, frase, klausa, kalimat serta wacana; (2) makna yang terkandung sarkasmebahasa Bima pada status media facebook yaitu terdapat ungkapan sindiran, kekesalan, dan dapat dimaknai secara gramatikal dan kontekstual; (3) fungsi yang terdapat pada sarkasme bahasa Bima pada status media facebook yaitu fungsi ekspresif dan fungsi personal. Abstract: This research is a study on the analysis of the Bima language sarcasm on Facebook's media status. The problems discussed were: (1) what is the lingual form of the Bima language sarcasm on the Facebook media status; (2) what is the meaning of Bima's sarcasm on Facebook's media status; (3) what is the function of Bima's sarcasm on Facebook's media status. So that the aims are: (1) to describe the lingual form of the Bima language sarcasm on the Facebook media status; (2)) describe the meaning of the Bima language sarcasm on the Facebook media status; (3) describe the function of the Bima language sarcasm on the Facebook media status. This research is a qualitative research. The data were collected using the documentation method and the observation method using note-taking techniques. In data analysis using intralingual and extralingual matching methods. The presentation of the results of data analysis uses informal methods. The results of this study are (1) Bima language sarcasm on Facebook media status in the form of words, farse, clauses, sentences and discourse; (2) the meaning contained in the Bima language syntax on the Facebook media status is that there are expressions of satire, resentment and can be interpreted grammatically and contextually; (3) the functions contained in the Bima language sarcasm on the Facebook media status are expressive functions and personal functions.

INDONESIA LANGUAGE INTERFERENCE FORM IN BASIC PPL LEARNING THAILAND UNHASY COLLEGE SYUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Siti Mariana Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Thai Students ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Recording Techniques

AbstractHumans on earth need social interaction with others. Humans can use more than one language in communication. Thus, the impact that arises when the use of one or more languages is the contact between languages. One obvious form of contact between languages is interference. Interference can occur at all levels of life. As in this study, namely Indonesian Language Interference in Learning PPL Basic Thailand Unhasy Students. This study contains the form of interference that occurs in Thai students who are conducting teaching practices in the classroom. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research that seeks to describe any interference that occurs in the speech of Thai students when teaching practice. Data collection methods in this study are (1) observation techniques, (2) audio-visual recording techniques using CCTV and (3) recording techniques, by recording all data that has been obtained. Whereas the data wetness uses, (1) data triangulation, (2) improvement in perseverance and (3) peer review through discussion. Data analysis techniques in this study are (1) data collection, (2) data reduction, (3) data presentation and (4) conclusions. It can be seen that the interference that occurs includes (1) interference in phonological systems, (2) interference in morphological systems and (3) interference in syntactic systems. 

scholarly journals ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI PENANAMAN NILAI KARAKTER DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS DI SMP NEGERI 3 KELUA LAILY MAHRITA

Jurnal Socius ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laily Mahrita
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Process Plan ◽  
School Conditions ◽  
Observation Method

AbstractThe growing of character values has an important role to build the development of the learners potencyin order to behuman who are faithful and devoting to Almighty God, gracious, competitive, honorable, having good moral, polite and be able to interact to society. Through education given, learners is expected to be able toimprove independently, use and review knowledge, internalize and personalize the character values and be graciousso these can be implemented in their everyday behavior.This study aims to describe the planning of the main character values implementation in the IPS learning conducted by IPS teachers in SMP Negeri 3 Kelua, describe the executing of the main character values implementation in the IPS learning conducted by IPS teachers in SMP Negeri 3 Kelua, describe the assessment of the main character values implementationin the IPS learning conducted by IPS teachers in SMP Negeri 3 Kelua.This research method uses observation method, interview, and documentation bya qualitative research approach. The research is held in SMP Negeri 3 Kelua. The data analysis is by data reduction, display data and Verification.The results of this study and discussion illustrate, This research suggests that  the results of research can be used as additional repertoire of the application of character values about the analysis of character values implementation in IPS learning. For teachers, it can improve their creativity to design and revise the learning process plan by the implementation of character values according to school conditions and subject matter in order to make the  learners be able to improve independently, use and review knowledge, internalize and personalize the character values and be graciousso these can be implemented in their everyday behaviorKeywords: Analysis, Implementation, Character Value, IPS (Social Studies) AbstrakPenanaman nilai karakter memiliki peran penting untuk membentuk  berkembangnya potensi peserta didik agar menjadi manusia yang beriman dan bertakwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berakhlak mulia,mampu bersaing, beretika, bermoral, sopan santun dan berinteraksi dengan masyarakat. Melalui pendidikan diharapkan peserta didik mampu secara mandiri meningkatkan dan menggunakan pengetahuannya, mengkaji dan menginternalisasi serta mempersonalisasi nilai-nilai karakter dan akhlak mulia sehingga terwujud dalam perilaku sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perencanaan, pelaksanaan,  penilaian implementasi nilai karakter utama dalam pembelajaran IPS yang dilakukan oleh guru IPS di SMP Negeri 3 Kelua. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 3 Kelua. Analisis data dengan reduksi data, data display dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan ini, menggambarkan bahwa: Perencanaan implementasi pendidikan nilai karakter dalam pembelajaran IPS di SMPN 3 Kelua dengan menyiapkan Silabus dan RPP terlebih dahulu, Pelaksanaan implementasi pendidikan nilai karakter dalam pembelajaran IPS di SMPN 3 Kelua dengan cara tugas kelompok dengan presentase dan diskusi, Penilaian implementasi pendidikan nilai karakter dalam pembelajaran IPS di SMPN 3 Kelua dengan menyiapkan lebih dahulu lembaran penilaian untuk peserta didik. Penelitian ini menyarankan hasil penelitian bisa dijadikan sebagai tambahan khasanah penerapan nilai karakter tentang analisis implementasi nilai karakter dalam pembelajaran IPS. Bagi guru bisa meningkatkan kreatifitasnya merancang dan merevisi rencana proses pembelajaran dengan penerapan nilai karakter sesuai kondisi sekolah dan materi pelajaran. Yang menjadikan peserta didik mampu mandiri, meningkatkan dan menggunakan pengetahuannya, mengkaji dan menginternalisasi serta mempersonalisasi nilai-nilai karakter dan akhlak mulia terwujud dalam perilaku sehari-hari.Kata Kunci: Analisis, Implementasi, Nilai Karakter, IPS

scholarly journals Konjungsi Koordinatif Bahasa Jepang dalam Biografi Helen Keller, Esai Read Real Japanese, dan Kumpulan Cerpen Dondon Yomeru Hanashi

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-304
Author(s):  
Ruli Oknita Sari ◽  
Muhammad Yusdi ◽  
Gusdi Sastra
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Structural Position ◽  
Helen Keller ◽  
Distributional Method ◽  
Syntactic Behavior ◽  
Equivalent Method ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Konjungsi merupakan kelas kata yang ada pada setiap bahasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan perilaku sintaksis konjungsi koordinatif bahasa Jepang. Perilaku sintaksis tersebut meliputi fungsi konjungsi, letak struktural konjungsi, dan sifat kehadiran konjungsi. Sumber data penelitian ini yaitu Biografi Hellen Keller, Esai Read Real Japanese, dan kumpulan Cerpen DonDon Yomeru IriIro Na Hanashi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Dalam menganalisis data peneliti menggunakan metode padan translasional untuk pemindahan arti dari bahasa Jepang ke bahasa Indonesia. Untuk menganalisis  fungsi konjungsi, letak struktural konjungsi, dan sifat kehadiran konjungsi peneliti menggunakan metode distribusional beserta tekniknnya. Hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa fungsi konjungsi koordinatif bahasa Jepang yaitu menghubungkan kata dengan kata yaitu konjungsi to dan konjungsi ya, dan menghubungkan klausa dengan kluasa yaitu konjungsi ga dan konjungsi -shi. Letak struktural konjungsi koordinatif bahasa Jepang  yaitu berada di antara unsur yang digabungkan. Sementara itu, sifat kehadiran konjungsi di dalam konstruksi adalah wajib dan tidak dapat dilesapkan.  Conjunction is a class of words that exist in every language. This study aims to describe the syntactic behavior of Japanese coordinating conjunctions. The syntactic behavior includes the function of the conjunction, the structural location of the conjunction, and the presence of the conjunction. The data sources of this research are Hellen Keller Biography, Real Japanese Read Essays, and a collection of Dondon Yomeru Hanashi short stories. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. In analyzing the data the researcher applies the translational equivalent method for the transfer of meaning from Japanese to Indonesian. To analyze the function of the conjunction, the structural location of the conjunction, and the nature of the presence of the conjunction, the researcher uses the distributional method and its technique. The results of data analysis show that the coordinating conjunctions of Japanese are linking words to words, namely conjunctions to and conjunctions ya and linking clauses with clauses, which is conjunctions ga and conjunctions -shi. The structural position of Japanese coordinating conjunctions is among the elements combined. Meanwhile, the presence of conjunctions in construction is mandatory and cannot be mitigated.

scholarly journals PROSES TRANSFORMASI KALIMAT MAJEMUK SUBORDINATIF BAHASA JERMAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Abd Kasim Achmad
Keyword(s):  
Data Sources ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Transformation Rules ◽  
Distributional Method ◽  
Observation Method

This research aimed to describe the process of transformation on german subordinate compound sentences. The method used in this research was descriptive. The data  sources were the subordinate compound sentences contained within the Deutschland magazine in editions of 2005-2010. The samples were 6 sentences. The data were collected through an observation method with note taking technique. Data were analyzed using the distributional method. The results show that the transforming process of the german subordinate compound sentences consisted of obligatory transformation rules namely  addition (subordinate conjunction and coma), permutation (verb)  and substitution (pronominalisation).

scholarly journals Analisis Tindak Tutur Ilokusi pada Vlog Jangan Lupa Senyum Part 1 di Kanal Youtube Fiersa Besari

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Lana Rahmasari ◽  
Asep Purwo Yudi Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Descriptive Method

An illocutionary act is a speech act that is usually identified by explicit performative sentences. The research on illocutionary acts in vlogs is an action that shows the meaning of speech during communication. This study aims to describe illocutionary acts on Fiersa Besari's vlog YouTube channel Jangan Lupa Senyum Part 1 along with its speech function. The method used in this research is the descriptive method. The form of research used here is qualitative research. The data source in this study is the vlog Jangan Lupa Senyum Part 1 on the Fiersa Besari YouTube channel. The data in this study are transcripts of conversations between characters in vlogs. Data collection techniques in research using the observation method and note-taking techniques. The findings in the research in this vlog were only 15 utterances of illocutionary speech acts. From the 15 utterances, 7 data on assertive illocutionary acts, 2 directive illocutionary acts, and 7 expressive illocutionary acts. From this research, it is expected that we can understand the function of illocutionary acts that are relevant to everyday life

scholarly journals POLITENESS IN THE STATE COURT OF PALEMBANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Achmad Wahidy ◽  
Emzir Emzir ◽  
Yumna Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
The State ◽  
State Court ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Head Shake

This study aims to describe and gain an in-depth understanding of politness in state court in Palembang Class 1A. The focus of the research is the ploitness of the participants in the trial with researchof politeness in terms of cultural aspects in state court in Palembang Class 1A.  Palembang South Sumatra Province. This research is a qualitative research with ethnography method of communication. Data collection techniques and procedures used are observation, recording and transcripts, and interviews. To verify the validity of data, carried out with credibility, transferbility, dependebility, and comfirmability. Data analysis was done by transcribing the recorded data into written form, then analyzed by focus and research. Based on data analysis, politeness state court in Palembang Class 1A Palembang descriptively expressed through cultural aspects in the form of verbal communication include the use of voice (accent) and the use of greeting forms in the communication session and non-verbal communication including kinesics such as nods and head shake and eyes contact, and kinesthetics in the form of a handshake performed by participants when communication takes place in the trial.

scholarly journals TIPE NARATOR DALAM NOVEL TELEGRAM KARYA PUTU WIJAYA: KAJIAN NARATOLOGI [Type of Narrator in Novel Telegram By Putu Wijaya: Narratology Approach]

TOTOBUANG ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
A. Yusdianti Tenriawali
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Text Classification ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Classification Analysis ◽  
Analysis Techniques

This study discusses the type of narrator in novel Telegram by Putu Wijaya. This study aims to identify the types of narrators contained in the novel Telegram by Putu Wijaya based on Mieke Bal's narratology theory. This research is qualitative research using descriptive methods. The data in this study are texts that are considered to represent the narrator in the novel Telegram. The source of the data in this study was the novel Telegram by Putu Wijaya, which was published in 1977. The data collection techniques in this study were the reading and note-taking techniques. The data analysis techniques in this study consist of four stages; narrator identification, narrator text classification, analysis, and description of the types of narrators in each chapter. The results showed that the type of narrator in the novel Telegram by Putu Wijaya consisted of an internal narrator (CN), a figure of Aku and Rosa, and an external narrator (EN), something that was unknown. The use of an internal narrator (CN) aims to give the impression that what is told in a story is real. The use of an external narrator (EN) aims to inform the reader that the story contained in the text that is being read is a fantasy, imagination, or imaginary story contained in the story or story that is being read.Penelitian ini membahas tipe narator dalam novel Telegram karya Putu Wijaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis narator yang terdapat dalam novel Telegram karya Putu Wijaya berdasarkan teori naratologi Mieke Bal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Data berupa teks yang dianggap merepresentasikan narator dalam novel Telegram. Sumber data yakni novel Telegram karya Putu Wijaya yang terbit tahun 1977. Teknik pengumpulan data yakni teknik baca dan teknik catat. Adapun teknik analisis data terdiri atas empat tahap yaitu identifikasi narator, klasifikasi teks narator, analisis, dan deskripsi jenis-jenis narator tiap bab. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tipe narator dalam novel Telegram karya Putu Wijaya terdiri atas narator internal (CN) yaitu tokoh Aku dan Rosa, serta narator eksternal (EN) yaitu sesuatu yang tidak diketahui identitasnya. Penggunaan narator internal (CN) bertujuan untuk memberi kesan bahwa yang diceritakan dalam suatu cerita adalah nyata. Adapun penggunaan narator eksternal (EN) bertujuan menyatakan kepada pembaca bahwa cerita yang terdapat dalam teks yang sedang dibacanya adalah suatu khayalan, imajinasi, atau cerita rekaan yang terdapat dalam kisah atau cerita yang sedang dibacanya.

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