Geometric and kinematic parameters of vibrating knife in the development of cutting machines

The process of cutting with a blade is largely applied in agricultural equipment and is used to process raw materials with different physical and mechanical properties. Nonetheless, the functional relation between the kinematic parameters of a vibroblade and the crucial power parameters of the vibration processing has not yet been studied in great depth so far. This type of studies is essential to create databases for further investigation and design of novel cutting machinery or technologies to ensure effective processing of vibrocutting. Our objective was to obtain the power characteristics of vibrocutting through laboratory experiments [using the example of vibrocutting of common reed (Phragmites australis)] and define the combination of factors (i.e., vibration amplitude, frequency and the blade feeding speed) at the minimum cutting force. The following relation of the blade feeding speed (V) and vibration speed of the toothed blade (Vt) has been established as optimal kinematic regime: K≅0.004. Tests have indicated that use of toothed blades for vibrocutting of the raw products of plant origin offers a greater advantage over the blades with flat edges. An optimal cutting regime, when energy expenses are at a minimum, was ensured with the following parameters of the vibroblade: vibration amplitude: 14 mm, frequency: 33.32 s–1, the blade feeding speed: 7.5×10–3 m.

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Scientific and Experimental Substantiation of the Key Geometric and Kinematic Parameters of Vibrocutting Machines

10.21203/rs.3.rs-141381/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Artur Altunyan ◽

Arshaluys Tarverdyan

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Common Reed ◽

Kinematic Parameters ◽

Power Characteristics ◽

Processed Material ◽

Production Complex ◽

Experimental Substantiation

Abstract The process of cutting with a blade is largely applied in technological equipment used in the agricultural production complex and is used to process raw materials with different physical and mechanical properties. Nonetheless, the relation between the parameters of processing with vibroblade and the rheological properties of the processed material is insufficiently studied, while it is an important issue of practical significance.As a result of laboratory experiments, it became possible to obtain the power characteristics of vibrocutting of common reed, establish an optimal combination of factors: vibration amplitude, frequency and the speed of the blade delivery to ensure the minimum vibro-cutting force. As a desirable kinematic regime, 𝐾 =𝑉/𝑉𝜏 , the following relation of speed of delivery and vibration speed of the toothed blade: ≅ 0.004.

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Alkali-Activated Zeolite 4A Granules—Characterization and Suitability Assessment for the Application of Adsorption

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11040360 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 360

Author(s):

Pauls P. Argalis ◽

Laura Vitola ◽

Diana Bajare ◽

Kristine Vegere

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Suitability Assessment ◽

Bet Analysis ◽

Zeolite 4A ◽

Compressive Strength Test ◽

Alkali Activated

A major problem in the field of adsorbents is that binders (kaolin clay, bentonite) introduced to bind zeolites and ensure the needed mechanical strength, are not able to sorb gases like CO2 and N2, and decrease the overall adsorption capacity. To solve this problem, one of the pathways is to introduce a binder able to sorb such gases. Thus, in this study, the physical and mechanical properties of a novel binder based on metakaolin and its composite with zeolite 4A in the granular form were studied. Metakaolin was used as a precursor for alkali-activated binder, which was synthesized using an 8M NaOH activation solution. Raw materials were characterized using granulometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential thermal analysis (DTA); and final products were characterized using density measurements, a compressive strength test, XRD, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Alkali-activated metakaolin was found to be efficient as a binding material when data for morphological properties were analyzed. A relationship was observed—by increasing the liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S), compressive strength decreased. Zeolite granule attrition was higher than expected: 2.42% and 4.55% for ZG-0.8, 3.64% and 5.76% for ZG-1.0, and 2.73% and 4.85% for ZG-1.2, measured at 4 and 5 atmospheres, respectively.

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Study of the Incorporation of Biomass Bottom Ash as a Filler for Discontinuous Grading Bituminous Mixtures with Bitumen Emulsion

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083334 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3334

Author(s):

Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽

Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽

Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino ◽

Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Waste Biomass ◽

Bituminous Mixtures ◽

Bitumen Emulsion ◽

Main Disadvantage ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Energy consumption, because of population development, is progressively increasing. For this reason, new sources of energy are being developed, such as that produced from the combustion of biomass. However, this type of renewable energy has one main disadvantage, the production of waste. Biomass bottom ash is a residue of this industry that currently has not much use. For this reason, this research evaluates its use as a filler in bituminous mixtures, since this sector also has a significant impact on the environment, as it requires large quantities of raw materials. With this objective, first, the physical and chemical properties of biomass bottom ashes were evaluated, verifying their characteristics for their use as filler. Subsequently, bituminous mixtures were conformed with biomass bottom ash as filler, and their physical and mechanical properties were analyzed through particle loss and Marshall tests. The results of these tests were compared with those obtained with the same type of mixture but with conventional and ophite aggregates. This study confirmed that biomass bottom ash was viable for use as a filler, creating mixtures with a higher percentage of bitumen, better mechanical behavior, and similar physical properties. In short, more sustainable material for roads was obtained with waste currently condemned to landfill.

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Adhesives for the Installation of Cast Basalt Elements on Metal and Comparison of Properties when Using Different Types of Fillers

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.898.35 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 898 ◽

pp. 35-41

Author(s):

Jakub Hodul ◽

Tomáš Žlebek ◽

Lenka Mészárosová ◽

Aleš Jakubík ◽

Rostislav Drochytka

Keyword(s):

Construction Industry ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Mineral Admixtures ◽

Maximum Efficiency ◽

Organic Additives ◽

Metal Base ◽

Secondary Raw Materials ◽

Ecological Benefit ◽

Different Types

The polymeric adhesives for the installation of basalt elements on a metal base are designed primarily for environments with increased chemical and mechanical stress. They are composed of polymer resins (epoxy, polyurethane) as binders, as well as organic additives and mineral admixtures that mainly fulfill the function of filler. In all sectors of today's construction industry, maximum efficiency in the production of materials is required for sustainability purposes, which, however, must never be at the expense of the quality or the required performance. Due to these requirements, great emphasis is placed on the maximum use of secondary raw materials. Talc is used as the primary filler for polymer adhesives. Sawdust, tire rubber, and fly ash are used as secondary raw materials. The use of these in building supplies can positively affect some physical and mechanical properties of polymeric adhesives. Also, the use of secondary raw materials has the above-mentioned ecological benefit. Basic properties, such as bulk density and adhesion to both metallic and basalt elements, were monitored. The details of the cohesion of the adhesive with the bonded material, as well as the distribution of secondary raw materials in the polymer matrix, were assessed microscopically.

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Research on Simulation Test of Coal Similar Material

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.847 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 850-851 ◽

pp. 847-850 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lin Chao Dai

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Similarity Theory ◽

Design Method ◽

Uniform Design ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

Similar Material ◽

Cement Ratio ◽

Water Cement Ratio

In order to study the coal and gas outburst similar simulation experiment, coal similar material was made up based on the similarity theory. Based on the previous similar material study, the cement, sand, water, activated carbon and coal powder was selected as the raw material of similar material. Meanwhile similar material matching program with 5 factors and 6 levels was designed by using Uniform Design Method. And the physical and mechanical properties of the similar material compressive strength was measured under different proportions circumstances. The relationship between similar material and the raw materials was analyzed. The results show that choosing different materials can compound different similar materials with different requirements. And the water-cement ratio plays a decisive influence on the compressive strength of similar material. The compressive strength of similar material decreases linearly when the water-cement ratio increases.

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Using Oil Sludge in the Production of Lightweight Bricks

Oil and Gas technologies ◽

10.32935/1815-2600-2021-135-4-40-45 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 135 (4) ◽

pp. 40-45

Author(s):

V. Z. Abdrakhimov ◽

◽

E. S. Abdrakhimova ◽

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Oil Sludge ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Geological Exploration ◽

Efficient Utilization ◽

Burn Out ◽

Class B ◽

The Impact

Efficient utilization of multi-tonnage oil sludge is one of the most pressing environmental problems. Since natural raw materials are currently depleted, it is necessary to involve oil sludge in the production turnover for the production of lightweight bricks. At the same time, the costs of geological exploration, construction and operation of quarries are excluded, and significant land plots are exempt from the impact of negative anthropogenic factors. Waste from oil production with an increased content of calorific value is advisable to use not only as a thinning agent, but also as burn-out additives for the production of thermal insulation materials, which include lightweight bricks. A lightweight brick, which belongs to class B with high physical and mechanical properties, was obtained.

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Distribution of the components of the building mixture in the presence of secondary raw materials during rotary mixing

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202022001060 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 220 ◽

pp. 01060

Author(s):

Anna Kapranova ◽

Daria Bahaeva ◽

Dmitry Stenko ◽

Alexander Vatagin ◽

Anton Lebedev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Distribution Functions ◽

Stochastic Description ◽

Rarefied Flows ◽

Secondary Raw Materials ◽

Characteristic Angle ◽

Two Stages ◽

The Given ◽

Number Of Particles

The purpose of this study is a stochastic description of the distribution of solid dispersed components, including those from secondary raw materials, according to the characteristic angle of scattering ϴij when receiving a construction mixture at the first stage of operation of the rotary apparatus. Two stages of the formation of rarefied flows are assumed: when scattering particles of components by elastic blades of a rotating drum and when interacting with the baffle surface. Modeling method this is energy method of Klimontovich Yu.L. The analysis of the efficiency of the first stage (rotary mixing) is carried out based on the obtained distribution functions of the number of particles of bulk components over the scattering angle, taking into account their physical and mechanical properties and a variety of design and operating parameters of the apparatus. The bulk of the particles of the mixed components are scattered at the initial angles of rotation of the mixing drum, when the deformation of the elastic blades is most significant. This is accompanied by the characteristic first bursts of the obtained distribution curves (ϴij< 0.1 rad) for the number of particles of the tested bulk materials at the given ranges of parameters.

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KUALITAS PAPAN PARTIKEL BERDASARKAN KOMPOSISI SEKAM PADI DAN KAYU SENGON DENGAN VARIASI KADAR PEREKAT

JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI ◽

10.26418/jhl.v7i2.33693 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Dendi Prayoga ◽

. Dirhamsyah ◽

. Nurhaida

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Solid Content ◽

Particle Board ◽

Rice Husks ◽

Wood Processing

This research aimed to examine the physical and mechanical properties of particle boards based on the composition of raw materials and adhesive content and know the treatment of the composition of raw materials and the best adhesive content and meet the standard JIS A 5908-2003. The research was conducted at Wood Workshop Laboratory, Wood Processing Laboratory Faculty of Forestry,Tanjungpura University and Laboratory of PT. Duta Pertiwi Nusantara Pontianak. The adhesive used is Urea Formaldehyde with 52% Solid Content. Comparison of the composition of rice husks and sengon varies namely rice husk 50%: sengon 50%, rice husk 60%: sengon 40% and rice husk 70%: sengon 30% and variations in the levels of UF adhesives, namely 14% and 16%, with target density 0,7 gr/cm3. The particleboard was 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm Pressing at temperature 140oC for 8 minutes, with pressure of 25 kg/cm2. The research results of the study of density and moisture content meet the standards JIS A 5908-2003. The best particle values of rice husk and sengon with composition a ratio of rice husk 50%: sengon 50% , 16% adhesive content 16%, with density value of 0,7072 gr/cm3, moisture content 9,1949 %, thick development 12,3210 %, water absorption 68,8270 %, MOE 12110,7273 kg/cm2, MOR 161,0025 kg/cm2, firmness sticky 1,9320 kg/cm2, screw holding strength 62,3124 kg.Keywords : adhesive, composition, particle board, rice husk, sengon

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SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK PAPAN GIPSUM DARI LIMBAH KAYU AKASIA (Acacia mangium Willd) BERDASARKAN KADAR GIPSUM DAN UKURAN SERBUK KAYU

JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI ◽

10.26418/jhl.v7i1.31800 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ridho Pratama ◽

M Dirhamsyah ◽

. Nurhaida

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Acacia Mangium ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Powder Size ◽

Wood Powder ◽

Gypsum Board ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Gypsum Content ◽

Two Factors

This study aims to examine the physical and mechanical properties of gypsum board from Acacia mangium Willd wood waste based on gypsum content and wood powder size. This study refers to the JIS A 5417-1992 standard. This research were conducted at Wood Work Shop laboratory for the preparation of raw materials, Wood Technology laboratory Faculty of Forestry for board making and testing the physical properties of gypsum boards, and PT. Duta Pertiwi Nusantara laboratory to test the mechanical properties of the gypsum board. The material used is A. mangium W. Wood powder, gypsum flour, water and borax. The study uses Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors, namely factor A (gypsum content) which consists of gypsum content of 400%, 500% and 600% of the weight of A. mangium W. wood powder, and factors B (wood powder size) consists of 20 mesh passes 40 mesh retained and 40 mesh passes 60 mesh retained. The results showed that the density (600% gypsum content of 40 and 60 mesh retained wood powder size), moisture content, thickness swelling, MOE (600% gypsum content of 40 and 60 mesh retained wood powder size) fulfill JIS A5417-1992 standard. The best gypsum board is gypsum board with gypsum content of 600% with a wood powder size is 40 mesh.Keyword: Acacia mangium, gypsum board, gypsum content, wood powder size.

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Ceramic Composition Material with Mullite Crystals Obtained from the Clayy Raw Material of Yakutia

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.992.253 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 992 ◽

pp. 253-258

Author(s):

M.P. Lebedev ◽

V.N. Tagrov ◽

E.S. Lukin

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Practical Interest ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Ceramic Materials ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

Composition Material ◽

Material Base ◽

Wide Range

The article deals with the manufacture of modern structural ceramic materials from clay and loam deposits of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The importance and relevance of the development of the production of building materials from local raw materials is emphasized, since this will certainly affect the effectiveness of the construction complex as a whole. The successful development of the construction complex is capable of not only stimulating growth in all sectors of the economy, but also contributes to solving the most pressing social problems. Today, Yakutia has huge reserves of mineral raw materials for the production of a wide range of building materials and products. Of practical interest are wall materials made from clay soils. Given the features of the region’s raw material base, this work focuses on additional processing of traditional material. Controlling the complex physicochemical and structural-mechanical transformations that occur during heat treatment, a methodology has been developed for creating a composite material that will allow competitive innovative materials with enhanced strength properties to be produced with a reinforcing element with a glassy phase matrix of mullite crystals. The fabricated samples have a wide range of physical and mechanical properties and allow using it as a high-quality structural building ceramics, as well as industrial floor technical tile.

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