Associations of serum vitamins levels with bone mineral density in the different race-ethnicities US adults

Background The conclusions on the associations of specific vitamin levels with bone mineral density (BMD) were controversial. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the associations of serum vitamins levels with BMD and the modified effect of race/ ethnicity on these associations in the US adults. Methods This study was from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. All participants aged ≥18 years with complete data were eligible. Serum vitamins A, B9, B12, C, and E levels were assayed using the Quantaphase II Radioassay Kit (Bio-Rad). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was employed to measure BMD, including femur neck and the total hip. Results There were 6023 participants included in the final analysis. Serum folate, vitamins A and C levels were positively associated with BMD. No significant associations of serum vitamins B12 and E levels with BMD were observed. There were positive associations of serum folate level (β = 0.00027 and 0.00032; and 95% CI: 0.00002–0.00057 and 0.00002–0.00063, respectively), vitamin A level (β = 0.01132 and 0.01115; and 95% CI: 0.00478–0.01787 and 0.00430–0.01799, respectively), and vitamin C level (β = 0.00027 and 0.00029; and 95% CI: 0.00012–0.00042 and 0.00013–0.00045, respectively) with BMD at femur neck and the total hip only in the Not Hispanic participants. Conclusion Elevated serum folate, vitamins A and C levels were associated with a higher BMD. Furthermore, sex and race/ ethnicity modified the associations of serum vitamins levels with BMD.

Rancang Bangun Alat Tanam Benih Kangkung Darat (Ipomoea Raptana Poir)

Kale spinach is a type of vegetable that is widely consumed by people in Indonesia. It’s contains protein, carbohydrates, calcium, iron, sodium, phosphorus, fiber, vitamins A and C. The kale spinach is a low-calorie vegetable. The purpose of this research is to design kale spinach seed planting tool with a semi-mechanical system which power comes from human power, this tool is operated by pulling a lever on the tool so that the tool can work. After the manufacture of kale seed planting is complete, the authors test the performance of the tool capacity, and from the results of the performance test of this tool it can be concluded that it can work well. The results of the performance test of the capacity of this tool to plant water spinach seeds with an area of 0.0005 ha takes 0.007 hours with an average speed of 0.2 m/s, the average seeds that fall per hole are 3 seeds, 98.6% efficiency, The theoretical capacity is 0.072 ha/hour, the effective capacity is 0.071 ha/hour, the percentage of growth is 95%, the average distance between plants is 10 cm, and the average distance between rows of plants is 10 cm.

Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Inflorescence Sap Nutritional Characteristics and Health Effects

Coconut is widely known as the tree of life. Every part of the tree is useful and therefore, coconut palm is an important economic crop of the local people. Neera is the exudate obtained from the unopened inflorescence of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera). It is healthy and therapeutic drink since it is rich in Vitamin C, has more food calories than milk, fights diabetes, cancer, electrolyte deficiency and even hair fall. Neera is rich in minerals and vitamins and it contains glucamic acid necessary for protein synthesis. It aids in digestion health. Neera contains vitamins (A and C), which have anti - oxidant properties thereby preventing damage or death of cells. Neera contains acids nicotinic acid and riboflavin and also can be consumed by people suffering from diabetes since it has a low glycemic index and a low glycemic load. In the study discuss about chemical composition including total sugar, reducing sugar, ethanol and vitamins.

Impact of Senescence on the Nutritional Profiles of Some Fruits Consume in Makurdi, Nigeria

Chemical and nutritional changes with senescence in some fruits commonly consumed in Makurdi, North Central Nigeria, were investigated using standard analytical methods. Four fruits: mango, pawpaw, orange and pineapple at three different stages of growth; pre-ripe, ripe, and post-ripe were screened for proximate composition, mineral elements, pH, titrable acidity, and vitamins A and C. Results indicated increase in moisture content as the fruit deteriorated in the climacteric fruits (mango and pawpaw), while in the non-climateric fruits (orange and pineapple) the parameter depreciated from ripe to over-ripe. Other proximate parameters showed a consistent rise at ripening and declining thereafter as the fruit deteriorated. In all cases, pH of the fruits showed steady rise with senescence, and this was inversely related to the titrable acidity. Beta-carotene (vitamin A) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) showed similar trend of peaking at the ripening stages and declining as the fruits aged. Nitrogen recorded the highest concentration (45.28±0.04 mg/L) among the macronutrient elements at the ripe stage of pawpaw, while phosphorus recorded the least (1.39±0.01 mg/L) for over-ripe pineapple. The instrument failed to detect Ni in all samples analyzed in the micronutrient mineral elements category, while Ca recorded the highest (5.25±0.07 mg/L). Macronutrients showed consistency in appreciating at ripening and depreciating as the fruits aged. Only Zn showed presence in all samples among the micronutrients analyzed. Results showed that in most of the parameters investigated, nutritional and chemical contents of the fruits are at their optimum at the ripen stage of the fruits, and declined as the fruits deteriorates with age.

Arugula production as a function of irrigation depths and potassium fertilization

ABSTRACT Arugula is a vegetable that has gained more highlight in the consumption, being rich in potassium, sulfur, iron, omega-3 and vitamins A and C. Availability of water and nutrients are limiting factors for production of this crop. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the production of arugula subjected to different irrigation depths and potassium fertilization. The experiment was conduct between August and September 2015. The experimental design was completely randomized in split-plot scheme. Irrigation depths L1, L2, L3 and L4 (25, 50, 75 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration, respectively) represented the plots and potassium doses K1 and K2 (200 and 400 kg ha-1, respectively) represented the subplots. Although the highest yield was obtained with highest irrigation depth and highest potassium dose, it is recommended the cultivation of arugula with the lowest irrigation depth and the lowest potassium dose, considering the higher value of water use efficiency for this treatment.

Nutritional status of lactating women in Bogor district, Indonesia: cross-sectional dietary intake in three economic quintiles and comparison with pre-pregnant women

The way in which women accommodate for their increased nutritional needs during the lactation period is poorly investigated. In a cross-sectional study involving 220 lactating women (LW), equally distributed in economic quintiles (Q2, Q3, Q4), we investigated whether habitual dietary intake of LW differed from that of 200 pre-pregnant women (PPW) studied using the same methodology. Differences in dietary intake and nutrition sufficiency according to economic status were also investigated. Dietary intake data were collected using 2×24-h dietary recalls and FFQ. Energy, protein, Fe, Ca, Zn and vitamins A and C intakes were calculated utilising local food composition tables and were compared against Indonesian recommendations for adequacy. Energy and protein intakes <70 % of the recommendation and Fe, Ca, Zn and vitamins A and C intakes <77 % of the recommendation were considered insufficient. Except for Zn, dietary intakes of all studied nutrients were higher in LW compared with PPW. However, for all studied nutrients, dietary intake was insufficient in >25 % of LW. For Q2-LW, this proportion was >50 %, except for protein. LW across all studied economic quintiles approximately doubled their vegetable intake, and 71 % of LW indicated a belief that this enhances lactation performance. Biochemical status parameters were analysed in a subset of forty-five women. Anaemia as well as Fe, Zn and Se deficiencies were prevalent among LW, supporting the nutrient intake deficiency data. Despite increasing intakes in LW compared with PPW, habitual diets in the study area do not provide for daily nutrient requirements in substantial proportions for both LW and PPW across all investigated economic groups.

Novel Formation of Ectopic (Nonplacental) Capsaicinoid Secreting Vesicles on Fruit Walls Explains the Morphological Mechanism for Super-hot Chile Peppers

Chile peppers (Capsicum sp.) are one of the most important spices in the world and a significant vegetable, providing substantial amounts of vitamins A and C. Chile peppers are also used as a medicinal and lachrymator plant because of the characteristic burning sensation they cause when consumed by mammals. This sensation is caused by capsaicinoids that are alkaloids produced in vesicles inside the fruit. A novel class of chile peppers known as “super-hots” having greater than 1 million Scoville heat units have generated much interest. We compared the morphological structure of fruit pericarp and placental tissue of “super-hot” chile peppers to those of jalapeno and bell pepper. Most chile peppers including jalapenos, only produce the capsaicinoids in secreting vesicles found on the placenta. We report on the novel discovery that these “super-hot” chile peppers have developed accessorial vesicles on the pericarp tissue in addition to the vesicles on the placental tissue, thus leading to exceedingly high Scoville heat units for these plants.