Entirely Passive Remote Node Design And System Architecture For Bus Topology Based 80Gbps Symmetrical NG-PON2

The next generation passive optical network stage 2 (NG-PON2) is a broadcast network in which a large number of optical network units (ONUs) can be served using various network topologies. In this paper, a purely passive remote node (RN) design based on fiber bragg grating (FBG) is presented for the bus topology of a high split NG-PON2 system. The performance of the proposed node has been analysed for a symmetric 80 Gbps NG-PON2 system serving 1024 ONUs in terms of bit error rate (BER) and optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR). The working of the proposed node has been explained with the optical frequency spectrums for downstream and upstream signals. The observed OSNR levels for the ONUs operating at the 1st RN is 84.8743dB which decreases to 75.7973dB for the ONUs connected to the 8th RN. The BER level < 10-9 for both upstream and downstream confirms the correct working of the proposed node in the NG-PON2 system.

Liveness in broadcast networks

We study liveness and model checking problems for broadcast networks, a system model of identical clients communicating via message passing. The first problem that we consider is Liveness Verification. It asks whether there is a computation such that one clients visits a final state infinitely often. The complexity of the problem has been open. It was shown to be $$\texttt {P}$$ P -hard but in $$\texttt {EXPSPACE}$$ EXPSPACE . We close the gap by a polynomial-time algorithm. The latter relies on a characterization of live computations in terms of paths in a suitable graph, combined with a fixed-point iteration to efficiently check the existence of such paths. The second problem is Fair Liveness Verification. It asks for a computation where all participating clients visit a final state infinitely often. We adjust the algorithm to also solve fair liveness in polynomial time. Both problems can be instrumented to answer model checking questions for broadcast networks against linear time temporal logic specifications. The first problem in this context is Fair Model Checking. It demands that for all computations of a broadcast network, all participating clients satisfy the specification. We solve the problem via the Vardi–Wolper construction and a reduction to Liveness Verification. The second problem is Sparse Model Checking. It asks whether each computation has a participating client that satisfies the specification. We reduce the problem to Fair Liveness Verification.

Scale for Esports Spectator Demands: Adaptation to Turkish, validity and reliability study

The purpose of this study was to adapt to Turkish and to determine the validity and reliability of the Scale for Esports Spectator Demand (SESD), which was developed to determine the demands of the viewers who follow the esports broadcasts by Qian, Zhang, Wang and Hulland (2020). After the Turkish form equivalence test, the scale was applied to viewers who following esports broadcasts on the online broadcast network "Twitch". A total of 495 volunteers (21.43 ± 3.50), 423 men (21.71 ± 3.51), and 72 women (19.75 ± 2.95), aged between 18-32, participated in the online study. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on the data obtained. A total of 7 factors were determined with EFA, respectively, 4 overlapping items (21-11-18-29), 2 items that make up a single factor (19-20) and the 30th item that disrupted the meaning integrity of the factor to which it belongs were removed from the scale. It was seen that the model consisting of the remaining 25 items and 6 dimensions explained 67.278% variance and the 6-factor model had an acceptable fit as a result of CFA. (χ2/df=2,622; GFI=,896; AGFI=,892; CFI=,918; NFI=,902; RMR=,064; RMSEA=,071). It was determined that the internal consistency coefficients of the scale on the basis of sub-dimensions ranged between .755 and .863, and the overall internal consistency coefficient was α = .924 As a result, it was determined that the Scale for Esports Spectator Demand (SESD), adapted to Turkish, can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine the demands of esports spectator. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Bu çalışma’nın amacı, Qian, Zhang, Wang ve Hulland (2020) tarafından espor yayınlarını takip eden izleyicilerin yayından taleplerini belirlemek amacıyla geliştirilmiş olan Scale for Esports Spectator Demand (SESD)’in Türkçe’ye uyarlanması, geçerlik ve güvenirliği’nin belirlenmesidir. Ölçek, Türkçe form eş-değerlik sınamasının ardından Türkiye genelinde çevrimiçi yayın ağı “Twitch” üzerinden espor yayınlarını takip eden izleyicilere uygulanmıştır. Çevrimiçi ortamda gerçekleştirilen çalışmaya yaşları 18-32 arasında değişen 423 erkek (21,71±3,51) ve 72 kadın (19,75±2,95) olmak üzere toplam 495 gönüllü birey (21,43±3,50 katılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler üzerinde açımlayıcı (AFA) ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) gerçekleştirilmiştir. AFA ile toplam 7 faktör belirlenmiş, sırasıyla binişik olan 4 madde (21-11-18-29), tek bir faktörü oluşturan 2 madde (19-20) ve ait olduğu faktördeki anlam bütünlüğünü bozan 30. madde ölçekten çıkarılmıştır. Kalan 25 madde ve 6 boyuttan oluşan modelin %67,278 varyansı açıkladığı ve DFA sonucunda 6 faktörlü modelin kabul edilebilir bir uyuma sahip olduğu görülmüştür (χ2/df=2,622; GFI=,896; AGFI=,892; CFI=,918; NFI=,902; RMR=,064; RMSEA=,071). Ölçeğin alt boyutlar bazında iç tutarlılık katsayılarının ,755 ile ,863 arasında değiştiği, genel iç tutarlılık katsayısının ise α= ,924 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Türkçe’ye uyarlama çalışması yapılmış olan Espor İzleyici Talepleri Ölçeği (ESİTÖ)’nün espor izleyicilerinin taleplerini belirlemek için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olarak kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.

Peran Publik dalam Mendorong Kinerja Media Layanan Publik dalam Mewujudkan Watak Kepublikannya

The publicness character of the Indonesia Republic Radio/RRI is both historical as well as legal necessity. RRI was born from the historical process as a struggle radio to seize and defend independence from colonialists. This true identity that is embodied in the spirit of public service ethos is getting stronger after the enactment of Government Regulation No. 11/2005 and 12/2005 concerning public service broadcasting and RRI public service broadcasting respectively. The duty of serving the needs and interests of the public must be the "spirit" which drives its whole operational activities of broadcasting and institutional governance. For this reason, various efforts have been made, such as improving governance and expanding the broadcast network area. To answer the demands of media digitization, the adoption of media convergence technology in the form of the launch of the RRI Play Go application has also been carried out. This has changed it from a public service broadcasting institution (PSB) to a public service media (PSM). Its public character as a public service broadcast radio must be put forward by placing the public as citizens (citizens) active participants both in the process of planning and implementing broadcast program content as well as media institutional governance. Through PSM, the interaction between media managers and citizens can be established. The process of involving citizens in the production process of media content is also easily facilitated. For this reason, their role in supervising and evaluating media management must be more substantial to ensure the public character of RRI. Based on this, this study aims to examine the form of public participation in supervising and evaluating broadcasting and media management of RRI. More specifically, what is the role of the Audience Council Forum Komunikasi Pemerhati of RRI Malang in carrying out this function.

Watergate, the Bipartisan Struggle for Media Access, and the Growth of Cable Television

As the televised Watergate hearings captivated the nation during the summer of 1973, they provided innovative programming that stimulated civic activism and taught Congress about the political power of television. Both of these developments ultimately boosted the fortunes of the cable television industry. The Senate hearings, which initiated a dramatic conclusion to a presidency that redefined the place of media in American political life, served to elevate a national conversation about the role of television in politics and to catalyze, across the political spectrum, a reconsideration of the structure of the broadcast network oligopoly. The post-Watergate era provided multiple opportunities to reimagine cable TV as a tool to assert political leadership, encourage civic engagement, and govern the public.

Regional Legislative Access in Optimizing The Presentation of Local Content in Broadcasting Institutions

Local contents in broadcasting institutions, both of local broadcasting stations (SPL) and network station systems (SSJ), still face a problem. An effort to encourage the existence of local content in broadcasting institutions can be done by regional legislative institution (DPRD). The implementation of regional legislative function in encouraging optimization of local content existence in broadcasting institutions is the main focus of this study. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with an empirical juridical approach with study documentation subject of regional legislative functions in encouraging the existence of local content. The results of study show that optimizing the function of regional legislative is significant in encouraging local content existence since they have access to KPID (The Regional Indonesian Broadcasting Commission) and Local Public Broadcasting Institution (LPPL). At least, there are implementation model of DPRD functions in encouraging the optimization of local content actualization in Broadcasting Institutions, namely: Accessibility Model through KPID and LPPL & LPS Broadcast Network Models