In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of concrete-filled stainless steel and steel tubular (CFSSAST) columns under axial and eccentric loads are analyzed by using the theory of structural stressing state. Firstly, the sum of generalized strain energy density (GSED) values of the short column at every load value (Fj) is normalized as Ej,norm to describe the structural stressing state. Then, according to Mann–Kendall (M-K) criterion and the natural law from quantitative change to qualitative change, the transition of stressing state is distinguished, which leads to the update of failure load. Then, the corresponding finite element models are established, and the accuracy of the models is verified by the experimental data, and the stress contour maps are analyzed by simulation data. Finally, the simulation data are used to perform parameter analysis. This study explores a new method to reveal the invisible working characteristics of structures and provides a new reference for the study of similar structures.