scholarly journals Implications On Fundamental Labor Reform During The Covid 19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Tricia Bogossian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Labor Reform ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Fundamental Law ◽  
Contemporary Reality

The objective was to analyze, through a bibliographical review, the implications of labor reform on fundamental law during the Covid 19 pandemic. The legal circle did not remain silent, and technical arguments were formed in several articles by renowned Brazilian jurists. Therefore, this article generally tries to bring the legal impact of the tragic and unfortunate scenarios brought about by COVID-19 and their impact on society to contemporary reality from a legal perspective. The type of study is a systematic review, research of the type has the primary objective of exposing the attributes of a given phenomenon or statement among its variables. Thus, it is recommended that it presents characteristics such as: analyzing the atmosphere as a direct source of data and the researcher as a switch instrument; not to broker the use of statistical artifices and methods, having as a greater apprehension the interpretation of phenomena and the imputation of results, the method should be the main focus for the approach and not the result or the fruit, the appreciation of the data should be achieved from intuitively and inductively through the searcher.

scholarly journals Effects of Comorbidities on Asthma Hospitalization and Mortality Rates: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Mahdavian ◽  
Blake H. Power ◽  
Shabnam Asghari ◽  
Jordan C. Pike
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Medical Outcomes ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Asthma Hospitalization ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Illness Anxiety

Background. Recent studies have shown that patients diagnosed with asthma who have other chronic comorbidities have severely worse medical outcomes. However, the number of available published studies in this field is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of comorbidities in asthmatic patients based on hospitalization and mortality rates. Methods. A systematic review was conducted. Data were obtained from the electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane until June 15, 2018. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effects of comorbidities on asthma hospitalization and mortality. The secondary objective was to analyze the effects of asthma comorbidity with certain chronic diseases, including COPD, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, mental illness (anxiety and depression), diabetes mellitus, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, rhinitis, and sinusitis on asthma hospitalization and mortality. Results. From potential 687 articles, only 9 were chosen based on our study inclusion criteria. Almost half of these articles were related to asthma/COPD comorbidity. There were no articles found for hypertension, myocardial ischemia, rhinitis, or sinusitis based on our inclusion/exclusion factors. Each of these 9 published articles had shown an increase in rates of hospitalization, length of stay, and/or mortality, due to asthma-related symptoms, compared to asthma-only patients. Conclusion. There was determined to be a large discrepancy between the available research for various types of comorbid conditions presenting with asthma that focus on hospitalization and mortality rates. The current available literature suggests a large impact that these comorbid diseases can have on asthma-related symptoms when present together, severely affecting a patient’s quality of life. We propose that further research on the effects of these comorbidities on asthma mortality and hospitalization can yield beneficial results to improve the management of asthmatic patients.

scholarly journals The impact of online group counselling programs on substance use, mental health, and physical health among adults: A systematic review protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl L Currie ◽  
Richard Larouche ◽  
M. L. Voss ◽  
Erin K. Higa ◽  
Rae Spiwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Group Counselling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Online Group

Abstract Background: COVID-19 has resulted in an increased demand for online mental health services globally. There is emerging evidence for the efficacy for group online interventions that support population-based mental health, but a systematic review is lacking. The primary objective of this rapid systematic review is to summarize the evidence for online group counselling programs for adults. A second objective is to assess, within studies selected for our primary objective, the impact of online group counselling programs that encourage PA on outcomes compared to those that do not.Methods and Design: Randomized controlled trials that assess the impact of online group counselling programs on substance use, mental health, or physical health among community dwelling adults will be searched in MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINHAL, and the Central Register of Controlled Trials. The review will be structured using PRISMA guidelines. Studies will be synthesized using the Cochrane Handbook and Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis (SWiM) reporting guideline. Quality will be evaluated using GRADE. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool; with higher quality studies prioritized when drawing conclusions. The role of sex and gender will be considered as well as possible gender biases at all stages of the review.Discussion: This review will examine the effectiveness of online counselling programs that can be delivered to populations in a group format, and thus in a potentially cost-effective way. Findings will inform the decisions of governments, communities, and health care organizations responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. Systematic review registration: The protocol has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42020187551).

scholarly journals Protocol: The relationship between vitamin A and body mass: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasim A Iqbal ◽  
Gavin B Stewart ◽  
Ines Mendes ◽  
Kieran Finney ◽  
Anthony Oxley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Adipose Tissue Depots ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
The Relationship

The proposed protocol is for a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between vitamin A and body mass. The primary objective is to explore the mechanisms between vitamin A and adiposity such as inflammation, dietary intake and body fat. The secondary objective is to look at the extent to which vitamin A is stored in different adipose tissue depots. The protocol outlines the motive and scope for the review, and methodology including the risk of bias, statistical analysis, screening and study criteria.

scholarly journals Determinants of influenza vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women in Europe: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbadebo Collins Adeyanju ◽  
Elena Engel ◽  
Laura Koch ◽  
Tabea Ranzinger ◽  
Imtiaz Bin Mohammed Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Adequate Knowledge

Abstract Background Pregnant women are at high risk for severe influenza. However, maternal influenza vaccination uptake in most World Health Organization (WHO) European Region countries remains low, despite the presence of widespread national recommendations. An influenza vaccination reduces influenza-associated morbidity and mortality in pregnancy, as well as providing newborns with protection in their first months. Potential determinants of vaccine hesitancy need to be identified to develop strategies that can increase vaccine acceptance and uptake among pregnant women. The primary objective of the systematic review is to identify the individual determinants of influenza vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women in Europe, and how to overcome the hesitancy. Methods Databases were searched for peer-reviewed qualitative and quantitative studies published between 2009 and 2019 inclusive. Databases included PubMed via MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, SAGE Journals, Taylor and Francis and Springer nature. These covered themes including psychology, medicine, and public health. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach, 11 studies were eligible and analyzed for significant determinants of influenza vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women in Europe. Results The most commonly reported factors were psychological aspects, for example concerns about safety and risks to mother and child, or general low risk perception of becoming ill from influenza. Doubts about the effectiveness of the vaccine and a lack of knowledge about this topic were further factors. There was also influence of contextual factors, such as healthcare workers not providing adequate knowledge about the influenza vaccine or the pregnant lady stating their antivaccine sentiment. Conclusion Health promotion that specifically increases knowledge among pregnant women about influenza and vaccination is important, supporting a valid risk judgment by the pregnant lady. The development of new information strategies for dialogue between healthcare providers and pregnant women should form part of this strategy.

scholarly journals Incidence of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction Following Inhalational Vs. Total Intravenous General Anesthesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Negrini ◽  
Andrew Wu ◽  
Atsushi Oba ◽  
Ben Harnke ◽  
Nicholas Ciancio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Intravenous Anesthesia ◽  
Robust Designs ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Intravenous General Anesthesia

Abstract Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) has been increasingly recognized as a contributor to postoperative complications. A consensus-working group recommended that POCD should be distinguished between delayed cognitive recovery, i.e., evaluations up to 30 days postoperative, and neurocognitive disorder, i.e., assessments performed between 30 days and 12 months after surgery. Additionally, the choice of the anesthetic, either inhalational or total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and its effect on the incidence of POCD, has become a focus of research. Our primary objective was to search the literature and conduct a meta-analysis to verify whether the choice of general anesthesia may impact the incidence of POCD in the first 30 days postoperatively. As a secondary objective, a systematic review of the literature was conducted to estimate the effects of the anesthetic on POCD between 30 days and 12 months postoperative. For the primary objective, an initial review of 1,913 articles yielded 12 studies with a total of 3,639 individuals. For the secondary objective, five studies with a total of 751 patients were selected. In the first 30 days postoperative, the odds-ratio for POCD in TIVA group was 0.60 (95% CI = 0.40 - 0.91; p = 0.02), compared to the inhalational group. TIVA was associated with a lower incidence of POCD in the first 30 days postoperatively. Regarding the secondary objective, due to the small number of selected articles and its high heterogeneity, a metanalysis was not conducted. Giving the heterogeneity of criteria for POCD, future prospective studies with more robust designs should be performed to fully address this question.

Brain Neuroimaging of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Rafail Matzaras ◽  
Kuangyu Shi ◽  
Artemios Artemiadis ◽  
Panagiotis Zis ◽  
Georgios Hadjigeorgiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Imaging Results

Background: REM-sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia and a common comorbidity in Parkinson’s disease (PD). There is evidence that the presence of RBD is associated with more severe PD. The differences in the clinical manifestations and the natural history are likely to imply underlying differences in the pathophysiology among PD patients with and without RBD. The increasing number of neuroimaging studies support this notion. Objective: Our primary objective was to review the current evidence regarding the brain neuroimaging findings in PD patients with RBD (PDRBD). Methods: A systematic review of articles, published in PubMed between January 1, 2000 and September 23, 2020 was performed. We evaluate previous studies that assessed PD patients with RBD using various brain structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and brain nuclear medicine imaging. Results: Twenty-nine studies, involving a total of 3,347 PD subjects among which 912 subjects with PDRBD, met the selection criteria and were included. The presence of RBD in PD patients is associated with structural and functional alterations in several brain regions, mainly in brainstem, limbic structures, frontotemporal cortex, and basal ganglia, raising the hypothesis of a PDRBD neuroimaging phenotype. Conclusion: The current review provides up-to-date knowledge in this field and summarizes the neurobiological/neuroimaging substrate of RBD in PD.

Prognostic models for chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and external validation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke H C van Rijn ◽  
Moniek van de Luijtgaarden ◽  
Arjan D van Zuilen ◽  
Peter J Blankestijn ◽  
Jack F M Wetzels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Prognostic Models ◽  
Full Model ◽  
Moderate Quality ◽  
Model Equations

Abstract Background Accurate risk prediction is needed in order to provide personalized healthcare for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. An overload of prognosis studies is being published, ranging from individual biomarker studies to full prediction studies. We aim to systematically appraise published prognosis studies investigating multiple biomarkers and their role in risk predictions. Our primary objective was to investigate if the prognostic models that are reported in the literature were of sufficient quality and to externally validate them. Methods We undertook a systematic review and appraised the quality of studies reporting multivariable prognosis models for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality in CKD patients. We subsequently externally validated these models in a randomized trial that included patients from a broad CKD population. Results We identified 91 papers describing 36 multivariable models for prognosis of ESRD, 50 for CV events, 46 for mortality and 17 for a composite outcome. Most studies were deemed of moderate quality. Moreover, they often adopted different definitions for the primary outcome and rarely reported full model equations (21% of the included studies). External validation was performed in the Multifactorial Approach and Superior Treatment Efficacy in Renal Patients with the Aid of Nurse Practitioners trial (n = 788, with 160 events for ESRD, 79 for CV and 102 for mortality). The 24 models that reported full model equations showed a great variability in their performance, although calibration remained fairly adequate for most models, except when predicting mortality (calibration slope >1.5). Conclusions This review shows that there is an abundance of multivariable prognosis models for the CKD population. Most studies were considered of moderate quality, and they were reported and analysed in such a manner that their results cannot directly be used in follow-up research or in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Delirium prevention and treatment in the emergency department (ED): a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e037915
Author(s):  
Elijah Blue Dahlstrom ◽  
Jin Ho Han ◽  
Heather Healy ◽  
Maura Kennedy ◽  
Glenn Arendts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Delirium Prevention

IntroductionDelirium is a dangerous syndrome of acute brain dysfunction that is common in the emergency department (ED), especially among the geriatric population. Most systematic reviews of interventions for delirium prevention and treatment have focused on inpatient settings. Best practices of effective delirium care in ED settings have not been established. The primary objective of this study is to identify pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions as applied by physicians, nursing staff, pharmacists and other ED personnel to prevent incident delirium and to shorten the severity and duration of prevalent delirium in a geriatric population within the ED.Methods and analysisSearches using subject headings and keywords will be conducted from database inception through June 2020 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsychINFO, CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global and Cochrane CENTRAL as well as grey literature. Database searches will not be limited by date or language. Two reviewers will identify studies describing any interventions for delirium prevention and/or treatment in the ED. Disagreements will be settled by a third reviewer. Pooled data analysis will be performed where possible using Review Manager. Risk ratios and weighted difference of means will be used for incidence of delirium and other binary outcomes related to delirium, delirium severity or duration of symptoms, along with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity will be measured by calculating I2, and a forest plot will be created. If significant heterogeneity is identified, metaregression is planned using OpenMeta to identify possible sources of heterogeneity.Ethics and disseminationThis is a systematic review of previously conducted research; accordingly, it does not constitute human subjects research needing ethics review. This review will be prepared as a manuscript and submitted for publication to a peer-reviewed journal, and the results will be presented at conferences.PROSPERO trial registration numberCRD42020169654.

scholarly journals A systematic review of validated suicide outcome classification in observational studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1636-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S Swain ◽  
Lockwood G Taylor ◽  
Elisa R Braver ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Simone P Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Drug Safety Issue ◽  
Vital Records ◽  
Health Care Database

Abstract Background Suicidal outcomes, including ideation, attempt, and completed suicide, are an important drug safety issue, though few epidemiological studies address the accuracy of suicidal outcome ascertainment. Our primary objective was to evaluate validated methods for suicidal outcome classification in electronic health care database studies. Methods We performed a systematic review of PubMed and EMBASE to identify studies that validated methods for suicidal outcome classification published 1 January 1990 to 15 March 2016. Abstracts and full texts were screened by two reviewers using prespecified criteria. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value for suicidal outcomes were extracted by two reviewers. Methods followed PRISMA-P guidelines, PROSPERO Protocol: 2016: CRD42016042794. Results We identified 2202 citations, of which 34 validated the accuracy of measuring suicidal outcomes using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes or algorithms, chart review or vital records. ICD E-codes (E950-9) for suicide attempt had 2–19% sensitivity, and 83–100% positive predictive value (PPV). ICD algorithms that included events with ‘uncertain’ intent had 4–70% PPV. The three best-performing algorithms had 74–92% PPV, with improved sensitivity compared with E-codes. Read code algorithms had 14–68% sensitivity and 0–56% PPV. Studies estimated 19–80% sensitivity for chart review, and 41–97% sensitivity and 100% PPV for vital records. Conclusions Pharmacoepidemiological studies measuring suicidal outcomes often use methodologies with poor sensitivity or predictive value or both, which may result in underestimation of associations between drugs and suicidal behaviour. Studies should validate outcomes or use a previously validated algorithm with high PPV and acceptable sensitivity in an appropriate population and data source.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Mortality in Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M Friedenreich ◽  
Chelsea R Stone ◽  
Winson Y Cheung ◽  
Sandra C Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Pa Domain

Abstract Background Recommendations for improved survival after cancer through physical activity (PA) exist, although the evidence is still emerging. Our primary objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between prediagnosis and postdiagnosis PA and survival (cancer-specific, all-cause, and cardiovascular disease mortality) for all cancers and by tumor site. Secondary objectives were to examine the associations within population subgroups, by PA domain, and to determine the optimal dose of PA related to survival. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and SportsDiscus databases were searched from inception to November 1, 2018. DerSimonian-Laird random-effects models were used to estimate the summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for primary and secondary analyses and to conduct dose-response analyses. Results Evidence from 136 studies showed improved survival outcomes with highest vs lowest levels of prediagnosis or postdiagnosis total or recreational PA for all-cancers combined (cancer specific mortality: HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.79 to 0.86, and HR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.53 to 0.75, respectively) as well as for 11 specific cancer sites. For breast and colorectal cancers, greater reductions were observed for postdiagnosis PA (HR = 0.58–0.63) compared with prediagnosis PA (HR = 0.80–0.86) for cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. Survival benefits through PA were observed in most subgroups (within sex, body mass index, menopausal status, colorectal subtypes, and PA domain) examined. Inverse dose-response relationships between PA and breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality were observed, with steep reductions in hazards to 10–15 metabolic equivalent hours per week. Conclusion Higher prediagnosis and postdiagnosis levels of PA were associated with improved survival outcomes for at least 11 cancer types, providing support for global promotion of PA guidelines following cancer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document