scholarly journals A Review on the Reported Antibacterial Activity of 1,3,5-Triazine

2021 ◽  
pp. 279-292
Author(s):  
Mrinmoy Basak ◽  
Biplab Kumar Dey ◽  
Sajidul Hoque Ansari ◽  
Moksood Ahmed Laskar ◽  
Priyanka Goswami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Born Child ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
Derivatives Of

Antibiotics are the class of drugs used for bacterial, viral & fungal infection. Antibiotic resistance is the ability of microorganism to withstand themselves against the effects of a drug. Every year antibiotic resistance causes more than 38000 deaths in Thailand, 23000 deaths in USA. In South Asia one new born child dies every 5 minutes from blood stream infection because antibiotics given are ineffective due to bacterial resistance. Now antibiotic resistance is a threat to global health. In this paper, triazene derivatives are kept in concern.  Triazines are six-membered, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffold with a wide range of pharmaceutical properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidants, antitubercular, antimalarial and anti-inflammatory. Due to lack of new antibiotics as well older antibiotic are rapidly proving ineffective, derivatives of triazine would be of great significance in future prospective.

scholarly journals Myxobacteria as a Source of New Bioactive Compounds: A Perspective Study

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1265
Author(s):  
Mudasir Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Awdhesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Mujtaba Aamir Bhat ◽  
Mohammad Iqbal Banday ◽  
Ommer Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Polyketide Synthases ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Derivatives Of

Myxobacteria are unicellular, Gram-negative, soil-dwelling, gliding bacteria that belong to class δ-proteobacteria and order Myxococcales. They grow and proliferate by transverse fission under normal conditions, but form fruiting bodies which contain myxospores during unfavorable conditions. In view of the escalating problem of antibiotic resistance among disease-causing pathogens, it becomes mandatory to search for new antibiotics effective against such pathogens from natural sources. Among the different approaches, Myxobacteria, having a rich armor of secondary metabolites, preferably derivatives of polyketide synthases (PKSs) along with non-ribosomal peptide synthases (NRPSs) and their hybrids, are currently being explored as producers of new antibiotics. The Myxobacterial species are functionally characterized to assess their ability to produce antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antimalarial, immunosuppressive, cytotoxic and antioxidative bioactive compounds. In our study, we have found their compounds to be effective against a wide range of pathogens associated with the concurrence of different infectious diseases.

Totally antibiotic resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients with blood stream infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali M. Hussein ◽  
Zhala B. Taha ◽  
Ahmed G. Malik ◽  
Dur K. Hazim ◽  
Reman J. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Blood Stream

scholarly journals Alkaloid-Rich Crude Extracts, Fractions and Piperamide Alkaloids of Piper guineense Possess Promising Antibacterial Effects

Antibiotics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Mgbeahuruike ◽  
Pia Fyhrquist ◽  
Heikki Vuorela ◽  
Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto ◽  
Yvonne Holm
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Derivatives Of

Piper guineense is a food and medicinal plant commonly used to treat infectious diseases in West-African traditional medicine. In a bid to identify new antibacterial compounds due to bacterial resistance to antibiotics, twelve extracts of P. guineense fruits and leaves, obtained by sequential extraction, as well as the piperine and piperlongumine commercial compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria. HPLC-DAD and UHPLC/Q-TOF MS analysis were conducted to characterize and identify the compounds present in the extracts with promising antibacterial activity. The extracts, with the exception of the hot water decoctions and macerations, contained piperamide alkaloids as their main constituents. Piperine, dihydropiperine, piperylin, dihydropiperylin or piperlonguminine, dihydropiperlonguminine, wisanine, dihydrowisanine and derivatives of piperine and piperidine were identified in a hexane extract of the leaf. In addition, some new piperamide alkaloids were identified, such as a piperine and a piperidine alkaloid derivative and two unknown piperamide alkaloids. To the best of our knowledge, there are no piperamides reported in the literature with similar UVλ absorption maxima and masses. A piperamide alkaloid-rich hexane leaf extract recorded the lowest MIC of 19 µg/mL against Sarcina sp. and gave promising growth inhibitory effects against S. aureus and E. aerogenes as well, inhibiting the growth of both bacteria with a MIC of 78 µg/mL. Moreover, this is the first report of the antibacterial activity of P. guineense extracts against Sarcina sp. and E. aerogenes. Marked growth inhibition was also obtained for chloroform extracts of the leaves and fruits against P. aeruginosa with a MIC value of 78 µg/mL. Piperine and piperlongumine were active against E. aerogenes, S. aureus, E. coli, S. enterica, P. mirabilis and B. cereus with MIC values ranging from 39–1250 µg/mL. Notably, the water extracts, which were almost devoid of piperamide alkaloids, were not active against the bacterial strains. Our results demonstrate that P. guineense contains antibacterial alkaloids that could be relevant for the discovery of new natural antibiotics.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistant Bacterial Pathogens Associated with Blood Stream Infections and Urinary Tract Infections among Intensive Care Unit Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1737-1748
Author(s):  
Shriram Dorairaj Gunasekaran ◽  
Godfred Antony Menezes ◽  
Rezmitha Zulfihar Nazeem ◽  
Mohammad Obada Sultan ◽  
Tejaswini Archarya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Microbiological Data

Blood Stream Infection (BSI) and Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) being leading causes of morbidity and mortality represent a common complication among critically ill patients. During the last decade, clinicians have observed a rising occurrence of BSIs due to bacterial resistance. Likewise, catheter-associated UTI is a main cause of morbidity and mortality affecting all age groups. Coliforms happen to be the prominent pathogens among our ICU admitted patients. It was alarming to notice 42.9% resistance to tigecycline among K. pneumoniae isolated from blood. K. pneumoniae isolates cultured from urine of ICU patients uniformly displayed 75% resistance to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, cefoxitin and cefepime. Interestingly, it is of respite to observe 85.7% K. pneumoniae isolated from blood and 75% K. pneumoniae isolated from urine being susceptible to a conventional antibiotic, gentamicin. Escherichia coli isolated from urine were 100% susceptible to carbapenems and 91.75% were susceptible to tigecycline. Overall, 90% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were susceptible to nitrofurantoin. The rapid spread of these MDR pathogens demands for national and regional guidelines. Policies to treat ICU related infections in UAE should be designed based on local microbiological data and resistance profiles of pathogens.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the fixed oil of Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth (Fabaceae) seeds

Gaia Scientia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-689
Author(s):  
Filipe Gutierre Carvalho de Lima ◽  
Maria Arlene Pessoa da Silva ◽  
Beatriz Tupinambá Freitas ◽  
José Carlos Marques Freitas ◽  
Claudener de Souza Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Family

Bacterial resistance to current drugs is a major public health problem worldwide. The search for biologically active compounds that act synergistically with antibiotics for their use at lower concentrations would be of great help in overcoming bacterial resistance. Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth, also known as sucupira-preta or sucupira-do-cerrado, is a species of the family LeguminosaePapilionoidea that occurs in both primary and secondary formations, always in fast-draining areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate of antibiotic modulation through of the fixed oil from the seeds of B. virgiloides activity. . The seeds showed a considerable amount of oil, with a yield of approximately 11%. The oil did not inhibit bacterial growth, but its combination with the antibiotics tested produced growth inhibition. Our data indicated that the oil extracted from B. virgiloides seeds has no antibacterial activity at clinically relevant concentrations, but when combined with aminoglycoside antibiotics, it showed modulatory activity, lowering the antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative strains.

scholarly journals Phenotypic delay in the evolution of bacterial antibiotic resistance: mechanistic models and their implications

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Carballo-Pacheco ◽  
Michael D. Nicholson ◽  
Elin E. Lilja ◽  
Rosalind J. Allen ◽  
Bartlomiej Waclaw
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Genome ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Population Survival

AbstractPhenotypic delay – the time delay between genetic mutation and expression of the corresponding phenotype – is generally neglected in evolutionary models, yet recent work suggests that it may be more common than previously assumed. Here, we use computer simulations and theory to investigate the significance of phenotypic delay for the evolution of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. We consider three mechanisms which could potentially cause phenotypic delay: effective polyploidy, dilution of antibiotic-sensitive molecules and accumulation of resistance-enhancing molecules. We find that the accumulation of resistant molecules is relevant only within a narrow parameter range, but both the dilution of sensitive molecules and effective polyploidy can cause phenotypic delay over a wide range of parameters. We further investigate whether these mechanisms could affect population survival under drug treatment and thereby explain observed discrepancies in mutation rates estimated by Luria-Delbrück fluctuation tests. While the effective polyploidy mechanism does not affect population survival, the dilution of sensitive molecules leads both to decreased probability of survival under drug treatment and underestimation of mutation rates in fluctuation tests. The dilution mechanism also changes the shape of the Luria-Delbrück distribution of mutant numbers, and we show that this modified distribution provides an improved fit to previously published experimental data.Author SummaryUnderstanding precisely how some bacteria survive exposure to antibiotics is a major research focus. Specific mutations in the bacterial genome are known to provide protection. However, it remains unclear how much time passes between a bacterium acquiring the genetic change and being able to tolerate antibiotics - termed the phenotypic delay - and what controls this delay. Here, using computer simulations and mathematical arguments we discuss three biologically plausible mechanisms of phenotypic delay. We investigate how each mechanism would affect the outcome of laboratory experiments often used to study the evolution of antibiotic resistance, and we highlight how the delay might be detected in such experiments. We also show that the existence of the delay could explain an observed discrepancy in the measurement of mutation rates, and demonstrate that one of our models provides a superior fit to experimental data. Our work exposes how molecular details at the intracellular level can have a direct effect on evolution at the population level.

scholarly journals Targeting virulence: salmochelin modification tunes the antibacterial activity spectrum of β-lactams for pathogen-selective killing of Escherichia coli

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 4458-4471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoom Chairatana ◽  
Tengfei Zheng ◽  
Elizabeth M. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Activity Spectrum

New antibiotics are required to treat bacterial infections and counteract the emergence of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals 267. Characteristics and Trends of Serratia Blood Stream Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S133-S134
Author(s):  
Hatem Elabd ◽  
Anjuli Eagleston ◽  
Dominique Brandt ◽  
Stephen Blatt
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Data Set

Abstract Background Serratia is an opportunistic pathogen known to cause an array of infectious presentations including UTIs, pneumonia, wound infections, skin and soft tissue infections, surgical site infections and although rare, endocarditis and bacteremia. The aim of the proposed study is to identify the characteristics of patients with community-acquired Serratia blood stream infection over a five-year period within the TriHealth inpatient population within the Cincinnati, Ohio Region. The study will also examine antibiotic resistance patterns among patients with Serratia bloodstream infections. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of 107 adult patients admitted to two community hospitals from January 2014 to December 2018 with a positive blood culture for Serratia species. A complete data set of 100 patients was analyzed for complications, antibiotic resistance, in-hospital mortality, 90-day mortality, readmission within 90 days and length of Hospital Stay (LOS). Descriptive statistics was performed using frequencies for discrete variables and median (IQR) for continuous variables. Results Patients admitted with a positive Serratia blood culture were 38% female with a median (IQR) age of 54.5 years (40.25–71.75) and predominantly white (85%). Forty percent had hepatitis C (HCV) infection and 42% had a history of IV drug use. Most patients were living at home (77%), 18% in long term care and 91% were infected with Serratia marcescens. The most common complications were endocarditis (12%) and osteomyelitis (10%). Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was confirmed in 13%. In-hospital mortality was 2%, 90-day mortality 2%, readmission 23% and median (IQR) LOS 7(3.25–14.75). PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES (part 1) PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES (part 2) PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES (part 3) Conclusion This study demonstrates that a high proportion of patients admitted with Serratia bacteremia are IV drugs users and that they have a high prevalence of coexistent HCV infection. Endocarditis and metastatic foci of infection are relatively common. Appropriate empiric antibiotic management should take into account the significant incidence of ESBL production resulting in a prolonged LOS and a high readmission rate. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals 218. A 5-Year Retrospective Study of Actinomyces Odontolyticus Bacteraemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S217-S218
Author(s):  
Maisa Ali ◽  
Almurtada Razok ◽  
Hisham Ziglam
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Actinomyces Species ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Identification Techniques

Abstract Background Actinomyces species are Gram positive anaerobic, non-sporulating, non-acid fast, non-motile, irregularly staining bacterium. It is associated with a wide range of infections including; dental caries, abscesses, intraabdominal and bloodstream infections. A. odontolyticus normally a commensal organism found in the mouth, was first isolated from dental caries in 1958. The incidence of Actinomyces odontolyticus bacteremia is less common. Methods We are reporting 15 cases of isolated A. odontolyticus blood stream infection at HMC, State of Qatar from 1/1/2016 to 1/11/2020. We aim to describe their clinical characteristic, risk factors and treatment outcome. Results Our patients with bacteraemia fall into one of two groups. The first group consists of paediatric patients with unremarkable co-morbidities. The second group includes older adults, often with co-morbidities that pre-dispose to infection, such as diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Fever was the main presenting sign and symptom in 12 patients (80%). Nine of the patients were females (60%). 13 patients (86%) received antibiotics. Maximum duration of antibiotics was 60 days and minimum duration was three days. The infectious disease team was consulted for six patients (40%). One patient died while the other 14 recovered uneventfully with a case fatality rate of 6.6%. Reported cases of Actinomyces odontolyticus bacteraemia in Hamad Medical Corporation between 1/1/2016 to 1/11/2020 Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of selected antibiotics against A. odontolyticus, including interpretations and breakpoints, as reported by the AMRHAI reference unit, PHE Colindale Conclusion Clinicians of all specialties need to be aware of the rising number of reports of Actinomyces species bacteraemia due to widespread availability of molecular identification techniques, including MALTI-TOF. 3 Furthermore, more studies are needed to determine guidelines for treating these resilient microbes Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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