Kyrgyz Youth in the Moscow Agglomeration: Adaptation Strategies

The scientific article, based on the basic ideas of sociological theories about the adaptation of a person to a changing socio-cultural environment, raises the problem of building individual and group adaptation strategies by Kyrgyz young migrants upon arrival in the Moscow agglomeration. The semantic field of the studied phenomenon of social adaptation covers such conceptual strategies as accommodation, acculturation, integration. The basic principles of sociological theories in the author’s interpretation of meanings in relation to the phenomenon of adaptation are investigated. The main niches of employment of Kyrgyz migrants in the Moscow region are established, it turns out how the Kyrgyz youth lives on the territory of the host community. Four groups of migrants were recorded according to the level of adaptation. Three types of attitudes of respondents to the acculturation process are identified and interpreted: the strategy of marginalization in Moscow society, the strategy of complementarity, the strategy of assimilation of dominant norms. The conducted research contributes to the further expansion of the explanatory potential of the features of social adaptation of young citizens of Kyrgyzstan, fills the theory of social adaptation of migrants with new methodological content, allows conceptually ensuring the implementation of further empirical studies of the problems of social adaptation of migrants from the EAEU member states in Russia.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF THE ARMENIAN DIASPORA IN THE CONTEXT OF EAEU INTEGRATION

The problems in the formation of the diaspora’s socio-economic potential are poorly studied by modern science. The article defines the notion of the diaspora’s socio-economic potential. The factors that determine the uniqueness of the Armenian diaspora phenomenon are identified, including professional specialization specifics, labor skills, ethnic entrepreneurship, aggregation of property and capital, socio-demographic structure, corporatism, social solidarity and cohesion and social capital. The Armenian diaspora, which formed in Russia in the 17th century, is a conventional diaspora with deep historical roots. Its influence on the economy, social policy, culture, interethnic relations and other spheres of life of the population in the host country and country of origin is steadily increasing. New opportunities for continued development of the Armenian diaspora opened up along with the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union in the post-Soviet space and Armenia’s accession to the EAEU. The secret of the advancement of the Armenian diaspora as an ethnocultural and ethnopolitical phenomenon is rooted in the peculiarities of formation of its socio-economic potential throughout the entire history of good-neighborly relations between Russia and Armenia. A methodological strategy and an applied sociological research model, as well as tools for studying the Armenian diaspora’s socio-economic potential in the context of EAEU integration processes have been created. In order to study the problem further, authors intend to conduct a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews in the Moscow agglomeration, Krasnoyarsk and Stavropol regions, which will allow to reveal the attitude of members of the Armenian diaspora to various aspects of life: migration and repatriation intentions, the degree of cohesion and corporatism, subjective assessments of the contribution of the Armenian diaspora to Russia’s and Armenia’s socio-economic development, as well as to assess the EAEU integration trends. Based on the results of the sociological study, scientific recommendations will be developed to improve the efficiency of using the Armenian diaspora’s socio-economic potential for the sake of improving the quality of life and social well-being of citizens of Russia and Armenia, and the advancement of EAEU integration processes.

THE PHENOMENON OF GLOBAL CITIES AND THE AGGLOMERATION POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The contemporary perception of the global cities phenomenon is reviewed within the paper. of The bill about urban agglomerations’ research, supplemented by the analysis of the statistic data about the economic and human resources’ allocation among Russian cities and regions, enabled us to conclude that the State’s efforts are insufficient for formation new global cities beside the existing Moscow agglomeration. A contemporary agglomeration policy of Russia can’t be considered as effective and is to be corrected, taking into account the network approach ideas, which sight at formation of polycentric agglomerations.

Features of the recovery of entrepreneurial activity in Russia in the context of sustainable economic development

The author considers the restoration of entrepreneurial activity in the Russian economy as a factor of sustainable development. We consider data from August 2020 to August 2021 on the number of small and medium-sized enterprises and the number of their employees. Methods of correlation analysis, construction of regression equations, Durbin – Watson test, Goldfeld – Quantum test for heteroscedasticity were used. The number of small and medium-sized enterprises in Russia has recovered to the level of August 2020, but this is explained by the regional peculiarities of entrepreneurial activity and the lifting of the moratorium on bankruptcy. Among small and medium-sized enterprises, there were many “zombie companies” that were not officially liquidated until June-July 2021. This also explains the lack of correlation between the number of small and medium-sized enterprises and the average number of employees. The number of personnel in small business is monotonously decreasing; it does not fulfill its function of creating jobs. In addition, in most federal districts of Russia, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises has decreased in absolute terms; almost all of the growth is concentrated in the Moscow agglomeration (Moscow and the Moscow region). In most federal districts, entrepreneurial activity is below the pre-crisis level. This is explained not only by restrictions and bans on the operation of small and medium-sized enterprises during the pandemic, but also by the economic situation in Russia, and a decrease in real incomes of the population. There is no correlation between entrepreneurial activity and inflation indices, but this may also be a consequence of accounting for non-performing firms.

The accessibility of the center of Moscow as a factor of location of housing construction in the Moscow agglomeration

The aim of the study is to identify patterns of localization of housing construction and structural changes in the Moscow agglomeration under the influence of transport accessibility from new housing. The research method is based on the monitoring of multistory housing projects. The transport accessibility was analyzed with the help of Google Maps service, which allows to determine the travel time by car and public transport from housing projects to the center of Moscow. The key factor determining the location of housing projects is a compromise between the transport accessibility of the Moscow labor market, which is largely concentrated in the center of the capital, and the cost of housing. The urge to minimize the travel time causes structural changes in different zones of agglomeration. The reorganization of the former industrial ring along the Third Ring Road is stimulated by the good transport accessibility of the city center. Travel time by car does not exceed 0.5 hours for 77% of residents of new buildings in this zone. In the 10 km zone outside the Moscow Ring Road, the travel time to the center by car does not exceed 1 hour for 94% of the residents of new buildings. The combination of acceptable travel time to the center of the capital and inexpensive housing costs leads to the development of inter-highway intervals. Travel time to the center by public transport does not exceed 1.5 hours for 38% of residents at a distance of 10-30 km from the Moscow Ring Road. The need to ensure for residents the accessibility of the center leads to the strengthening of the axes of settlements along the main transport corridors. On the periphery of the agglomeration, the increase in travel time (more than 2 hours) leads to the orientation of residents mainly to the local labor markets.

PROBLEMS OF STATE REGULATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT IN THE MOSCOW AGGLOMERATION. WAY OF SOLUTION

В статье изложены авторские критерии систематизации агломераций в Российской Федерации, рассмотрено актуальное состояние моноцентрической Московской агломерации. Выделены наиболее важные проблемы ее развития, как с точки зрения государственного управления, так и политического характера, предложены пути их решения.

Political subjectivity within the structure of value orientations of youth in the Moscow agglomeration: sociological aspect

The subject of this research is the political subjectivity as a social characteristic of the structure of value orientations of youth in the Moscow agglomeration. The author examines such aspects of the topic as political socialization, incidence of political subjectivity, and its key social characteristics within the structure of value orientations of youth. Attention is given to determination of correlation between political subjectivity and socially significant values. The author describes the content of terminal and instrumental values among young people with different levels of development of political subjectivity as a sociopolitical trait of a person. The research methodology includes the fundamental principles of the theory of political socialization, which suggests cultivation of the essential values of political culture as the process of person’s adaptation to a particular political system. The leading role in the process of political socialization belongs to the ability to critical digestion of knowledge and norms of political relations that ensure conditions for the formation of political subjectivity of a person. The conclusions consists in determination of occurrence of political subjectivity and its social characteristics within the structure of value orientations of youth in the Moscow agglomeration. The realization of political subjectivity in youth environment is predetermined by the structure of values and the vector of social orientations of a person. The novelty of this work lies in the statement that political subjectivity in the process of socialization of a person correlates with the structure of social values. Personal values indirectly reflect the essence of its political subjectivity, which is relevant for more accurate socio political characteristics of a person. The revealed terminal and instrumental values in youth environment allow designating the vector of political socialization of a person.