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Kerntechnik ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Huang ◽  
Jiaming Jiang

Abstract For post-Fukushima nuclear power plants, there has been interested in accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) since it has better tolerant in the event of a severe accident. The fully ceramic microencapsulated (FCM) fuel is one kind of the ATF materials. In this study, the small modular pressurized water reactor (PWR) loading with FCM fuels was investigated, and the modified Constant Axial shape of Neutron flux, nuclide number densities and power shape During Life of Energy producing reactor (CANDLE) burnup strategy was successfully applied to such compact reactor core. To obtain ideal CANDLE shape, it’s necessary to set the infinity or enough length of the core height, but that is impossible for small compact core setting infinity or enough length of the core height. Due to the compact and finite core, the equilibrium state can only be maintained short periods and is not obvious, other than infinitely long active core to reach the long equilibrium state for ideal CANDLE. Consequently, the modified CANDLE shape would be presented. The approximate characteristics of CANDLE burnup are observed in the finite and compact core, and the power density and fuel burnup are selected as main characteristic of modified CANDLE burnup. In this study, firstly, lots of optimization schemes were discussed, and one of optimization schemes was chosen at last to demonstrate the modified CANDLE burnup strategy. Secondly, for chosen compact small rector core, the modified CANDLE burnup strategy is applied and presented. Consequently, the new characteristics of this reactor core can be discovered both in ignition region and in fertile region. The results show that application of CANDLE burnup strategy to small modular PWR loading with FCM fuels suppresses the excess reactivity effectively and reduces the risk of small PWR reactivity-induced accidents during the whole core life, which makes the reactor control more safety and simple.


Author(s):  
Liping Hu ◽  
Zhijie Zhang ◽  
Jinxiang Chen ◽  
Hao Ren

To develop a nonbearing prefabricated straw sandwich concrete wallboard (I-beam beetle elytron plate: IBEPsc), the effect of certain structural parameters (e.g., panel thickness T, number of I-cores N and core height h) on the mechanical and thermal insulation performance was investigated by using the finite element method. The results are as follows: 1) The bearing capacity of the IBEPsc is controlled by the maximum principal tensile stress; the optimal structural parameters of the IBEPsc for a self-insulated wall with a large safety margin are presented. 2) The consideration of strips vs. whole plates and the selected upper bearing constraint type have little influence on the mechanical properties. In practical applications, the strips and whole plates can be reasonably selected according to engineering needs, and these components can be connected with the main structure by conventional mortar. 3) According to a qualitative analysis and comparison with common I-shaped thermal insulation walls, the IBEPsc requires the least material and weight while ensuring a sufficient safety margin in terms of mechanical and thermal insulation performance. Hence, biomimic techniques can play a key role in breaking through the limitations of traditional structures. This paper can help direct the application of beetle elytron plates in prefabricated wallboards.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2072 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
Z Su’ud ◽  
N R Galih ◽  
M Ariani

Abstract Human need of energy will increase time to time. Therefore, a safe, renewable, and efficient source of energy, which is Nuclear Energy, is needed. Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) is the most compatible solution to provide electricity to human race in the future. The problem that came within NPP is the danger of proliferation issues. The method that has been developed to overcome this problem is CANDLE [5] and has been modified by Prof. Zaki Su’ud (Modified CANDLE scheme). This research use Axial Modified CANDLE Scheme to Helium-Cooled Fast Reactor with Natural Uranium Carbide-Thorium Carbide as fuel and applied to various size of core as optimization. Neutronic aspect such as, burn up level, multiplication factor, and conversion ratio are utilized in this paper in order to analyse the behaviour of the reactor. Other than that, percentage of Uranium has been varied to reduce power peaking. The neutronic calculation has been done using SRAC and core design calculation by FI-ITB-CH1. This research concludes that power peaking reduction is able to achieve by combining Uranium Carbide and Thorium Carbide to the fuel. The optimum reactor design reached at 360 cm of core radius and 303 cm of core height.


Author(s):  
Anil Kumar ◽  
◽  
Surjit Angra ◽  
Arindam Kumar Chanda ◽  
◽  
...  

A sandwich structure is always designed to have maximum Strength and Stiffness. In this research, three main design factors i.e. facesheet thickness, core height and panel with each having three different values (levels) have been chosen and a L9 Orthogonal Array has been generated using Taguchi Design in Minitab software. The Sheet Stresses and Shear Stresses have been calculated for all 9 configurations. From Taguchi Analysis it has been observed that the optimum level for different design parameters are F/S thickness .8mm, Core Height 8mm and Panel Width 50mm.Then PCA assisted GRA has been performed on the two responses and it has been observed that the optimum parameter level are F/S thickness. 8mm, Core Height 8mm and Panel Width 50mm. ANOVA analysis has also been performed to find out the effect of selected design elements on the two types of stress values of the sandwich panel. It has been observed that the Facesheet Thickness has the maximum effect on Sandwich Stresses.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-177
Author(s):  
Marsono Marsono ◽  
Sarah Fauziyyah Hanifa ◽  
Faizal Akbar

ABSTRAKDalam penelitian ini, komposit serat bambu dibuat menjadi panel struktur honeycomb sandwich dan diuji untuk mengukur kemungkinan pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan untuk membuat sudu turbin angin sumbu vertical. Honeycomb sanwich serat bambu yang dibuat memiliki inti (core) yang berbentuk gelombang sinus pada arah memanjang panel. Sebagai pengikat pada komposit ini digunakan resin polyester. Panel honeycomb sandwich yang dibuat memiliki panjang 500mm dan lebar 200mm, sedangkan tebal panel dibuat dengan  dua variasi, yaitu dengan tinggi inti honeycomb 12mm dan  17mm. Panel honeycomb sandwich ini diuji dengan uji bending untuk mendapatkan angka kekuatan lentur (flexural strength) dan angka kekakuan (stiffness). Dari tiga panel yang dibuat identik untuk masih-masing ketinggian inti honeycomb, diperoleh angka kekuatan lentur dan kekakuan terbesar pada panel dengan ketinggian inti honeycomb17mm, yaitu dengan angka kekuatan lentur 0,91kg/mm2 dan angka kekakuan 11,35kg/mmKata kunci: honeycomb sandwich, komposit serat bambu,gelombang sinus,kekuatan lentur, kekakuan.  ABSTRACTIn this research, bamboo fiber composite are made into honeycomb sandwich structure panel and to be tested for its ability as a material for vertical axis wind turbine blades. Bamboo fiber honeycomb sandwich had a sinusoidal-shaped core in the longitudinal direction of the panel. Polyester resin was used as a binder on this composite. The honeycomb panels that have been made have a length of 500mm and a width of 200mm. The thickness of the panels was made of two variations, which was has 12mm and 17mm honeycomb core-height. The honeycomb sandwich panel was tested by bending test to obtain flexural strength and stiffness. From the three panels that have been made in identical dimension for each honeycomb core-height, the highest flexural strength and stiffness was obtained in the specimen with the honeycomb core-height of 17mm, with a flexural strength of 0,91kg/mm2 and astiffness of 11,35kg/mm. Keywords: honeycomb sandwich, bamboo fiber composite, sinusoidal wave,  flexurall strength, stiffness.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1039 ◽  
pp. 65-85
Author(s):  
Muhsin Jaber Jweeg ◽  
S.H. Bakhy ◽  
S.E. Sadiq

The aim of the present paper is to study the vibration behavior of a sandwich structure with honeycomb core experimentally and numerically with different design parameters. The natural frequency and damping ratio were obtained. Core height, cell angle and face thickness were considered as design parameters. Finite element models for the honeycomb sandwich were developed and analyzed via ANSYS finite element analysis (FEA) software. Response Surface Method (RSM) is used to establish numerical methodology to simulate the effect of the design parameters on natural frequency and damping ration. The employment of (RSM) provides a study of the effect of design parameters on natural frequency and damping ratio, numerical modeling of them in term of design parameters and specifying optimization condition. The experimental tests were conducted on sandwich specimens for the validity goal of the previous models created via the finite element analysis. The obtained results show that the natural frequency is directly proportional to the core height and face thickness, while it is inversely proportional to cell angle, Vice versa for damping ratio. Moreover, the optimum value of natural frequency (209.031 Hz) as minimum and damping ratio (0.0320) as maximum were found at 4.8855 mm of core height, 26.770 cell angle and 0.0614 mm face thickness.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Ratna Dewi Syarifah ◽  
Nabil Nabhan MH ◽  
Zein Hanifah ◽  
Iklimatul Karomah ◽  
Ahmad Muzaki Mabruri

Analysis of fuel volume fraction with uranium caride fuel in Gas Cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) with SRAC Code is has been done. The calculation used SRAC Code (Standard Reactor Analysis Code) which is developed by JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency), and the data libraries nuclear used JENDL 4.0. There are two calculation has been used, fuel pin cell calculation (PIJ Calculation) and core calculation (CITATION Calculation). In core calculation, the leakage is calculated so the calculation more precise. The CITATION calculation use two type of core configuration, i.e. homogeneous core configuration and heterogeneous core configuration. The power density value of two type core configuration is quite difference. It is better use heterogeneous core configuration than homogeneous core configuration, because the power density of heterogeneous core configuration is flatter than the other. From the analysis of fuel volume fraction, when the volume fraction is increase, the k-eff value is increase. And the optimum design after has been analysis for fuel volume fraction, that is the fuel volume fraction is 49% with a heterogeneous core configuration of three types of fuel percentages, for Fuel1 9%, Fuel2 12% and Fuel3 15%. This reactor is cylindrical, has a core diameter of 240 cm and a core height of 100 cm.


NDT World ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ivanov ◽  
Gennady Starikovsky ◽  
Andrey Boitsov ◽  
Anastasiya Zagumennova ◽  
Nikolay Kruchinkin ◽  
...  

Introduction. The research considers the NDT results with through-transmission ultrasonic techniques of samples of adhesive joints and three-layer polymer composite structures with artificial defects simulating the common failures of parts for aerospace equipment. The purpose of the conducted research was to determine the detectability of common defects in such structures during an automated ultrasonic testing. A set of samples prepared for the research had artificially embedded defects, simulating the delamination of skins and disbonds of adhesive joints. The set consisted of four types of samples with different skin material; with different material, height and size of honeycomb cells (for three-layer structures) and with different types of adhesive joints — for reinforced stringer structures. Method. These samples were analyzed using two types of automated through-transmission ultrasonic techniques. The first type is transmission of ultrasound through a layer of air, the second type is through a jet of water. Two automated systems were used:, a Technische Beratung Schittko GmbH machine for the first case, and Tecnatom robotic system for the second case. Pseudocolor C-scan is a diagnostic testing document for both systems. C-scan analysis is based on the thresholding method. Results 1. The inspection of stringer samples demonstrated that they can be inspected with a non-contact technique using an air inlet at frequencies of 40 and 500 kHz with a sensitivity of at least 1 cm2. The water jet inspection of adhesive joints at frequencies of 1 MHz and 5 MHz can provide a sensitivity of 0.3 cm2. 2. All samples of three-layer structures, including honeycomb cores of various thicknesses, turned out to be uninspectable when tested with an air inlet at a frequency of 500 kHz. 3. Three-layer structures with a honeycomb core height of up to 8 mm can be inspected with the non-contact through-transmission ultrasonic technique at a frequency of 40 KHz with a sensitivity of 5 cm2. Such structures can also be inspected with the jet method at a frequency of 1 MHz with a sensitivity of 1 cm2. 4. Three-layer structures with a honeycomb core height of 80 mm and more cannot be inspected with the through-transmission ultrasonic technique using an air inlet due to the significant ultrasonic attenuation. They can be inspected with the jet method at a frequency of 1 MHz with a sensitivity of 1.8 cm2. Conclusion. Automated through-transmission ultrasonic testing of three-layer structures and adhesive joints ensures reliable detection of defects with a diameter of 15 mm for adhesive joints of monolithic parts and detection of defects with a diameter of 15–25 mm for three-layer structures, depending on the thickness of the skin and core.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246485
Author(s):  
Muhammad Riaz ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Hamid ◽  
Deeba Afzal ◽  
Dragan Pamucar ◽  
Yu-Ming Chu

q-Rung orthopair fuzzy set (qROFS) and m-polar fuzzy set (mPFS) are rudimentary concepts in the computational intelligence, which have diverse applications in fuzzy modeling and decision making under uncertainty. The aim of this paper is to introduce the hybrid concept of q-rung orthopair m-polar fuzzy set (qROmPFS) as a hybrid model of q-rung orthopair fuzzy set and m-polar fuzzy set. A qROmPFS has the ability to deal with real life situations when decision experts are interested to deal with multi-polarity as well as membership and non-membership grades to the alternatives in an extended domain with q-ROF environment. Certain operations on qROmPFSs and several new notions like support, core, height, concentration, dilation, α-cut and (α, β)-cut of qROmPFS are defined. Additionally, grey relational analysis (GRA) and choice value method (CVM) are presented under qROmPFSs for multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) in robotic agri-farming. The proposed methods are suitable to find out an appropriate mode of farming among several kinds of agri-farming. The applications of proposed MCDM approaches are illustrated by respective numerical examples. To justify the feasibility, superiority and reliability of proposed techniques, the comparison analysis of the final ranking in the robotic agri-farming computed by the proposed techniques with some existing MCDM methods is also given.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1A) ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Sadiq E. Sadiq ◽  
Muhsin J. Jweeg ◽  
Sadeq H. Bakhy

In this paper, the strength of  aircraft sandwich structure with honeycomb core under bending load was evaluated theoretically and experimentally based on failure mode maps. A failure mode map for the loading under three-point bending was constructed theoretically to specify the failure modes and corresponding load. Three point bending test for aluminum honeycomb sandwich beam has been achieved to measure the peak load and maximum deflection. The obtained results elucidated a good agreement between the theoretical solutions and experimental tests, where the error ratio was not exceeded 12%. The core height, the cell size and the cell wall thickness were selected to explore the effect of honeycomb parameters on the strength of sandwich structure. In order to obtain the optimum solution of peak load and maximum deflection and energy absorption, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used. Results showed that the maximum bending load, minimum deflection, and maximum energy absorption were found at 25 mm core height, 10 mm size cell and 1 mm  cell wall thickness. The optimal value of maximum bending load, minimum deflection and maximum energy absorption were 1975.3415 N, 1.0402 mm and 1.0229 J respectively.


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