Multiobjective optimization of the LASER aircraft wing’s composite structural design

Purpose Aircraft wings, one of the most important parts of an aircraft, have seen changes in its topological and design arrangement of both the internal structures and external shape during the past decades. This study, a numerical, aims to minimize the weight of multilaminate composite aerospace structures using multiobjective optimization. Design/methodology/approach The methodology started with the determination of the requirements, both imposed by the certifying authority and those inherent to the light, aerobatic, simple, economic and robust (LASER) project. After defining the requirements, the loads that the aircraft would be subjected to during its operation were defined from the flight envelope considering finite element analysis. The design vector consists of material choice for each laminate of the structure (20 in total), ply number and lay-up sequence (respecting the manufacturing rules) and main spar position to obtain a lightweight and cheap structure, respecting the restrictions of stress, margins of safety, displacements and buckling. Findings The results obtained indicated a predominance of the use of carbon fiber. The predominant orientation found on the main spar flange was 0° with its location at 28% of the local chord, in the secondary and main web were ±45°, the skins also had the main orientation at ±45°. Originality/value The key innovations in this paper include the evaluation, development and optimization of a laminated composite structure applied to a LASER aircraft wings considering both structural performance and manufacturing costs in multiobjetive optimization. This paper is one of the most advanced investigations performed to composite LASER aircraft.

Stability and Change in Relations Between Personality Traits and the Interpersonal Problems Circumplex During Cognitive Therapy for Recurrent Depression

Both personality impairment and maladaptive-range traits are necessary for diagnosis in the alternative model of personality disorder. We clarified personality impairment-trait connections using measures of the interpersonal problems circumplex and personality traits among adult outpatients ( N = 351) with major depressive disorder receiving cognitive therapy (CT). The trait scales’ circumplex projections were summarized by elevation (correlations with general interpersonal problems), amplitude (specific relations to the circumplex dimensions of dominance and affiliation), and angle (predominant orientation in the two-dimensional circumplex). Most trait scales showed hypothesized circumplex relations, including substantive elevation (e.g., negative temperament, mistrust), amplitude (e.g., aggression, detachment), and expected angles (e.g., positive temperament and manipulativeness oriented toward overly nurturant/intrusive or domineering/vindictive problems, respectively), that were stable across time during CT. These results revealed meaningful and consistent impairment-trait connections, even during CT when mean depressive affect decreased substantially.

Influência de lineamentos estruturais no desencadeamento dos movimentos de massa no maciço de Uruburetama, Ceará

A disposição de estruturas geológicas em áreas planálticas é elemento importante na compreensão da dinâmica que ocorre na superfície de suas encostas e que é responsável pela esculturação do relevo. Neste contexto destacam-se os movimentos gravitacionais, que podem gerar perdas econômicas, ambientais e humanas em eventos de alta energia e/ou com grande extensão. Esta pesquisa analisou a influência de lineamentos estruturais no desencadeamento dos movimentos gravitacionais no maciço de Uruburetama, localizado no estado do Ceará. A metodologia consistiu na extração automática de lineamentos a partir do Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) fornecido pelo sensor orbital ALOS PALSAR. A partir da média de filtros direcionais aplicados a 0°, 45°, 90° e 135° de iluminação foi possível realçar as feições lineares da imagem original, facilitando sua extração. Posteriormente, foram elaborados mapas de distribuição espacial e densidade de lineamentos, além de diagrama de roseta. Tais produtos subsidiaram a análise da disposição dos principais trends estruturais da área, destacando que a maior densidade e a orientação predominante de lineamentos podem ser indicativas do grau de susceptibilidade à ocorrência de movimentos de massa no maciço de Uruburetama, desde que também sejam consideradas as características físicas dominantes e o grau de intervenção humana nas encostas. Os resultados demonstraram que os lineamentos estruturais obtidos de forma automática, quando analisados em conjunto com as características ambientais podem ser aplicados na análise de susceptibilidade à ocorrência de movimentos de massa. Influence of structural lineaments as a trigger of mass movements in the Uruburetama massif, Ceará state, Brazil A B S T R A C TThe geological structures arrangement in plateau areas is an important element in understanding the dynamics that occur on the surface of their slopes and which is responsible for relief sculpting. In this context, gravitational movements stand out, which can generate economic, environmental and human losses in high energy events and / or with large extension. This research analyzed the influence of structural lineaments in the gravitational movements triggering in the Uruburetama massif, located in the state of Ceará. The methodology consisted of automatic extraction of lineaments from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) provided by the ALOS PALSAR orbital sensor. From the average of directional filters applied at 0°, 45°, 90° and 135° of illumination it was possible to enhance the linear features of the original image, facilitating their extraction. Subsequently, maps of spatial distribution and lineaments density were developed, as well as a rosette diagram. Such products subsidized the analysis of the disposition of the main structural trends of the area, emphasizing that the higher density and the predominant orientation of lineaments may be indicative of the degree of susceptibility to the occurrence of mass movements in the Uruburetama massif, if the dominant physical conditions and the degree of human intervention on the slopes are also considered. The results showed that the structural lineaments obtained automatically, when analyzed together with the environmental characteristics can be applied in the susceptibility analysis to the occurrence of mass movements.Keywords: ALOS PALSAR, directional filters, image fusion, lineaments extraction

Bosnian ethnic communities’ long-term foreign policy affiliations: from the Crimean War to Dayton

The essay treats the long-term patterns of Bosnia and Herzegovina's (BiH) constituent peoples' (Bošnjaks, Croats, and Serbs) foreign policy orientations as seen by Russian diplomats. Comparative analysis is based on the first Russian study of the area, Bosnia, Herzegovina and Ancient Serbia (1859) by Alexander F. Gilferding, first Russian Consul in Sarajevo, as well as on contemporary documents of the Archives of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation from 1995 to 1998. The object of this study is to investigate the descriptions of their Bosnian counter-parts from all three main ethnic groups in order to find out long-term patterns and their evolution from the middle of the nineteenth to the early twenty-first centuries. In both the middle of the nineteenth and at the dawn of the twenty-first centuries, Russian diplomats reported on fundamental differences in the foreign policy orientations of BiH's Bošnjaks, Croats, and Serbs. Their Bosnian counterparts, regardless of their ethnic origin, almost unanimously stated that the Bošnjaks were looking towards Turkey, the Croats towards the West, and the Serbs towards Russia. These fundamental sympathies directly influenced Bosnian politicians' actions. For Russia, it meant that Republika Srpska's leaders were eager to use every possibility to cooperate with Moscow as well as the neartotal neglect of Russian propositions by Bošnjak and Croat leaders. Nevertheless, these long-term patterns have evolved over the last 150 years. Alexander Gilferding recorded the predominantly confessional identity of Bosnians. In the late 1990's however, Bosnians perceived themselves primarily ethnically, with the religious factor somewhat subordinated to ethnicity. Furthermore, there is a visible evolution of foreign policy orientation for Bosnian peoples: (a) the Bošnjaks, along with the habitual attraction to Turkey, are now drawn to the wider Arab world and the US, inasmuch as their support was crucial during the Bosnian War of 1992-1995 and for the maintenance of BiH's very existence; (b) the Croats no longer gravitate towards Vienna, but to Zagreb and Germany; and (c) the Serbs are drawn to pan-Serb interests, with a predominant orientation towards Serbia (FRY of the late 1990s), which has become more important than their still existing penchant for Russia. However, even such an evolution does not alter the fundamental differences between BiH's constituent peoples' aspirations that effectively exclude any coherent and widely accepted foreign policy. Therefore, the Bosnian political scene is extremely sensitive towards tensions between the global centres to which its constituent peoples gravitate.

ROLE AND PLACE OF STUDY ON SYSTEMATIZATION IN SCIENTIFIC PEDAGOGICAL THEORY AND EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE

The article deals with the doctrine of systematization of scientific and pedagogical knowledge, determines its role and place in the theory and methodology of pedagogy as well as educational practice. The author establishes the connection between the influence of the development of the methodological doctrine of systematization in pedagogy on overcoming the modern methodological and information crisis of scientific and pedagogical knowledge. It is the crisis in the systematization of already accumulated scientific and pedagogical knowledge and the predominant orientation of researchers to obtain non-systemic pedagogical knowledge that determines the relevance of methodological awareness of the role and place of the doctrine of systematization. The doctrine of systematization is a relevant and important component of modern methodology of pedagogy; it has systemic features and its structure comprizes knowledge of individual and similar forms of systematization (classification and typology, taxonomy) of scientific pedagogical knowledge having complex and not always unambiguous relationships which need to be further researched. The article considers the role and place of the doctrine of systematization in the methodology of pedagogy; it also deals with the plurality and multifaceted definitions of the concept of systematization in scientific theory and educational practice, which can claim the role of a universal dialectical method. The results of the application of the historical-biographical approach in the study of Mendelieiev’s biography testify not only to the similarity, but also to the unifying commonality of systematization for scientific activity of scientists and practical educational activity of teachers. This makes it possible to justify the need to actualize the use of adapted to the educational process forms of systematization as scientific methods of cognition in educational practice, teaching and learning.

On Gains and Losses, Means and Ends

Personal goals guide behavior toward a desired outcome, motivate behavior over time and across situations, provide direction and meaning, and contribute to the acquisition of skills and subjective well-being. The adaptiveness of goals, however, might vary with dimensions such as their orientation toward the achievement of gains, maintenance of functioning, or the avoidance of losses. We argue that goal orientation is most adaptive when it corresponds to the availability of resources and the ubiquity of losses. In line with this argument, younger adults show a predominant orientation toward gains, whereas goal orientation shifts toward maintenance and avoidance of loss across adulthood. This shift in goal orientation seems adaptive both regarding subjective well-being and engagement in goal pursuit. A second goal dimension that has been largely overlooked in the literature is the cognitive representation of goal pursuit primarily in terms of its means (i.e., process focus) or its ends (i.e., outcome focus). This chapter also investigates the antecedents and consequences of goal focus. In particular, it highlights the importance of factors related to chronological age (i.e., the availability of resources, future time perspective, goal orientation, motivational phase) for the preference for and adaptiveness of adopting an outcome or process focus.

Determination of optical parameters of lithium niobate films by srectrophotometry

Lithium niobate films on silicon substrates were synthesized by high−frequency magnetron sputtering of a target. The resultant film was a layer of polycrystalline lithium niobate. By the method of spectrophotometry we obtained the spectral dependences of the reflectance in the wavelength range 300—700 nm at small angles of incidence. The angular dependence of p− and s− polarized light were measured for a discrete set of wavelengths from 300 to 700 nm increments of wavelength 50 nm and increments for angles of 1°. The values of the refractive indicies, film thickness and extinction coefficients were determined using a numerical method for solving inverse problems. As the film is absorbing we accepted the simulation optical system as an isotropic monolayer absorbing film on a semi-infinite absorbing substrate with a sharp interface. Initial approximation for the solution of inverse problems were defined by the methods based on the estimation of the interference extrema position in the reflection-angular spectra. Values of the refractive indicies of the film differ from the values typical for LiNbO3 single crystals obtained both from the reference literature, and by refractive indices direct goniometric method measurements of a certified standard enterprise sample (SES) made from a lithium niobate single crystal. We additionally studied the specimens with X−ray diffraction and scanning probe microscopy. These deviations are attributed to the film inhomogeneity, the presence of the second phase, and disordering of the structure. Inclusions of the second phase in the form of crystallites with a predominant orientation along the Z axis are observed.

Annealing effect on indium tin oxide thin films by DC magnetron sputtering for alkali vapor cell heating

This paper reports the annealing effect on the DC sputter transparent conducting tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) films for the alkali vapor cell heater of the chip-scale atomic sensors. ITO films with a thickness of 140 nm were deposited on BF33 glass substrates at [Formula: see text], followed by an annealing process in N2 atmosphere for 2 h at different temperatures between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The effect of annealing on the crystal structure, surface morphology, optical, and electrical properties of ITO films was characterized. The predominant orientation of crystal face of the as-deposited and annealed ITO thin films was (222) instead of (400). After annealing at [Formula: see text] the ITO film exhibits the highest transmittance ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]90%) to the lights at the wavelength of 780 nm, 795 nm and 894 nm regarding the probe light in a chip scale atomic device. Besides, the lowest sheet resistance and resistivity were obtained as 27.8 [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] separately. The refractive index and extinction coefficients results verified the crystal orientation and the transmittance results. This thin ITO film was expected to be the best candidate for the transparent heater in the chip scale atomic devices.

Electrochromic properties of Mo-doped V2O5 thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis process

In this work, we have studied the Mo effect on V2O5 thin films, the samples were deposited by spray pyrolysis technique on heated glass substrates at 500 °C. The dopant amount was varied at different concentration, 2%, 4% and 6%. Different techniques were carried out, in order to studied the Mo effect on V2O5, such as XRD, Raman, SEM, AFM and electrochemical analysis. From the obtained results, all the samples exhibited orthorhombic structure with (001) predominant orientation. The optical properties of Mo concentration effect were studied in their colored and discolored states. These electrochemical studies were performed in LiClO4 electrolyte with 0.5 mol/L of C4H6O3. The transmittance value of the samples decreased from 76% to 10% at 690 nm, when the samples have changed color, from colored state to discolored state respectively.