scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SUBCLINICAL KETOSIS IN COWS ON FORMATION OF COLOSTRAL IMMUNITY IN CALVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 981-986
Author(s):  
S. V. Vasilieva ◽  
R. M. Vasiliev
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Photometric Method ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Tubular System ◽  
Biuret Method ◽  
Newborn Calves

The health of the newborn depends entirely on the state of the mother’s body throughout the pregnancy. Ensuring optimal conditions for keeping pregnant animals is based, first of all, on adequate feeding and ensuring the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the environment. The cow’s body undergoes a great load during the transition period, which begins 3 weeks before calving and lasts for six weeks. When the technology of feeding and housing is violated, during this period, metabolic disorders often occur in cows, which are manifested by increased production of ketones. It is known that the development of immunity in the early postnatal period in a calf largely depends on the timely feeding of colostrum. Maternal immunoglobulins from colostrum enter the systemic circulation of the newborn in the small intestine through the tubular system of epithelial cells by pinocytosis.The aim of the study is to study the effect of subclinical ketosis in mothers cows on the formation of colostral immunity in calves born from them.For the study, pregnant cows 3-6 years old were selected 3-7 days before delivery. Urine and blood samples were taken from the cows. In order to identify subclinical ketosis in cows, urine was tested for ketones. According to the results of the study, two groups of 10 animals were formed – in the first group (experimental) the level of ketone bodies in the urine ranged from 1.8 to 3.7 mmol/l, in the second group (control) ketones were not found in the urine. Immediately after calving, portions of colostrum were taken from the cows, and blood was taken from newborn calves a day after the first colostrum was fed. The content of immunoglobulins was studied in skim colostrum and in the blood serum of newborn calves. In the blood serum of day-old calves, the content of total protein was also determined by the biuret method, albumin – by the photometric method with bromcresol green.According to the results of the study, a decrease in the classes of immunoglobulins G, M and A was found in the blood serum of cows before calving by 19.1-23.5%, in colostrum – by 23.7-34.4%, and in the blood serum of day old calves – by 21.7-27.6%. The decrease in IgM concentration was determined to the greatest extent. Subclinical ketosis of mothers had practically no effect on the content of albumin in the blood of calves. 

scholarly journals PSIX-13 Influence of an integrated fodder additive on productivity and metabolic homeostasis of dairy cattle in transition period

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 416-416
Author(s):  
Daria A Nikanova ◽  
Evgenia Kolodina ◽  
Olga Artemyeva ◽  
Yuri Fomichev
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
The Third

Abstract The transition period is the most stressful for dairy cows in terms of metabolic rate and characterized by dynamic changes in the hormonal profile, loss of appetite, negative energy balance, nutrient and vitamin deficiencies, compromised immunity and oxidative stress. The aim of the research was to balance the increase in cows’ productivity and the consumption of nutrients from the feed during the transition period through the use of energy feed additives (EFS), high protein feed concentrate (PFC) in combination with biologically active (BA) substances. Thirty-six dairy cows of black-motley breed were divided into 3 groups: (1) The main diet (G0, n = 12), not supplemented with additives, (2) additive 1 (G1; supplemented with 0.5 kg EFS / cow per day, n = 12), (3) additive 2 (G2; supplemented with 0.5 kg EFS; 0.5 kg PFC and 0.06 kg BA / cow per day, n = 12). The experimental part of the feeding lasted for 20 days before calving and the first 100 days after calving (DPP). Blood samples were collected during the first and the third months after calving. The biochemical analyzer was used to measure blood serum components. The milk yield was recorded monthly throughout lactation. BCS losses from 7 days prior to calving to 28 DPP were -0.29 for Gr2, -0.42 for Gr1 and -0.60 for Gr0. Feeding with additive 2 (Gr2) increased milk yield (p≤0.05) in the first 100 DPPs and (p≤0.001) 305 DPPs compared to G0. The number of samples with SCC ≥ 500 000 / ml. per 100 DPP was 51% in the Gr0 group, 27% in Gr1, 25% in Gr2. Also, microbiological control showed an excess of Bacterial cells in the milk of cows from group G0, which correlates with SCC indicators. Cows from Gr2had a lower content of ketone bodies (P≥0.001) and higher (P≥0.001) antioxidant activity of blood serum compared to Gr0. Cows from Gr2 had an increase in ALT activity by1.4 times (P <0.05) from the first to the third months after calving.

scholarly journals Subclinical Ketosis on Dairy Cows in Transition Period in Farms with Contrasting Butyric Acid Contents in Silages

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Vicente ◽  
María Luisa Rodríguez ◽  
Adela Martínez-Fernández ◽  
Ana Soldado ◽  
Alejandro Argamentería ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis

This study examines the relationship between subclinical ketosis (SCK) in dairy cows and the butyric acid content of the silage used in their feeding. Twenty commercial farms were monitored over a period of 12 months. The feed at each farm and the silages used in its ration were sampled monthly for proximal analysis and for volatile fatty acid analysis. A total of 2857 urine samples were taken from 1112 cows to examine the ketonuria from about 30 days prepartum to 100 postpartum. Wide variation was recorded in the quality of silages used in the preparation of diets. Approximately 80% of the urine samples analyzed had no detectable ketone bodies, 16% returned values indicative of slight SCK, and the remainder, 4%, showed symptoms of ketosis. Most of the cases of hyperkenuria were associated with the butyric acid content of the silage used (r2=0.56;P<0.05). As the metabolizable energy content of the feed was similar, no relationship was observed between the proportion of cows with SCK and the energy content of the feed. In our study, the probability of dairy cows suffering SCK is higher when they are eating feed made from silage with a high butyric acid content (35.2 g/kg DM intake).

scholarly journals Transition period and subclinical ketosis in dairy cattle: association with milk production, metabolic and reproductive disorders and economic aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (07) ◽  
pp. 6427-2020
Author(s):  
ABDÜLKERİM DENİZ ◽  
KEMAL AKSOY ◽  
MERT METİN
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Many dairy cows experience a high incidence of health problems during the transition period (TP). The TP is an intermediate stage of various digestive, metabolic and reproductive functions which determine the general health status at the time of calving and during the first weeks postpartum. Negative energy balance due to increased energy demand at parturition and significantly reduced dry matter intake relative to demand is an important determinant. Consequently, substantial lipid mobilization from adipose tissue, increased oxidative stress and impaired immunity are associated with higher incidences of periparturient health problems including ketosis or subclinical ketosis (SCK), which have tremendous economic impact on dairy productivity. SCK is defined as the presence of increased blood ketone bodies (BHBA: betahydroxybutyric acid, acetone, acetoacetic acid) without clinical ketosis signs. Varying blood and milk cut-off values have been reported for BHBA concentrations defining SCK, but the most commonly accepted values are ≥ 1.2 mmol/L and ≥ 200 μmol/L respectively. This underestimated disease can impact dairy cow productivity through decreased milk production in the order of roughly 300 kg/lactation and increases the risk of metabolic and reproductive diseases such as displaced abomasum, retained placenta, metritis, mastitis, prolong oestrus interval and reduces conception rates. SCK also referred to as ‘profit robber or killer’ can cause productivity and economic losses of between $200-290 per dairy cow annually. Options for the control and prevention of SCK include controlled-release monensin capsules, and the injectable combination butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin and oral propylene glycol. SCK is easy to detect in early lactation using cow-side validated BHBA analysers with high specificity and sensitivity.

scholarly journals Ketone bodies in blood of dairy cows: Prevalence and monitoring of subclinical ketosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Krempaský ◽  
Iveta Maskaľová ◽  
Lukáš Bujňák ◽  
Vladimír Vajda
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Photometric Method ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Lactation Phase ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Photometrical Method

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between concentration of non-esterified fatty acid and ketone bodies in blood of dairy cows, and to evaluate these concentrations for the detection of prevalence of subclinical ketosis. The second aim was to compare the concentration of β-hydroxybutyric acid determined by an electronic handheld meter Precision Xtra® with serum concentration of β-hydroxybutyric acid analysed in laboratory with izotachometric and photometric method, respectively. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein 4–6 h after morning feeding in three groups of Holstein cows (n = 909) according to the lactation phase from 51 different herds with similar husbandry characteristics. High lipomobilization (non-esterified fatty acid ≥ 0.35 mmol·l-1, mean concentration 0.34 ± 0.15 mmol·l-1) was detected in 30.3% of antepartum cows, while increased concentrations of β-hydroxybutyric acid (≥ 1.0 mmol·l-1, prevalence of subclinical ketosis) were detected in 18.5% and 14.1% of the early lactation and mid lactation cows, respectively. The correlation coefficient (r = 0.84, P < 0.001; r = 0.93, P < 0.001) was found between measurements of whole blood β-hydroxybutyric acid of 60 and 38 dairy cows determined with the Precision Xtra® test and plasma or serum β-hydroxybutyric acid concentration determined by isotachophoresis and photometrical method, respectively. Our results show that the monitoring of changes in the blood concentration of β-hydroxybutyric acid in high-yielding cows in the early postpartum period by the electronic handheld meter Precision Xtra® may be effective in reducing the incidence of ketosis and health problems associated with ketosis in dairy cattle herds.

Формирование иммунного статуса у новорожденных телят молочных и комбинированных пород

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
L.N. BAKAEVA ◽  
A.S. KARAMAEVA ◽  
S.V. KARAMAEV
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Immune Development ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Alveolar Tissue ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Epithelium Cells

Работа  посвящена изучению особенностей формирования иммунитета у новорожденных телят. Объектом исследований служили коровы бестужевской, черно-пестрой, голштинской, айрширской пород и их потомство, разводимые в природно-климатической зоне Среднего Поволжья и Южного Урала. Установлено, что за последний месяц перед отелом в сыворотке крови коров происходит снижение содержания иммуноглобулинов, у бестужевской породы на 19,3%, черно-пестрой — на 15,8%, голштинской — на 13,4%, айрширской — на 15,0%. Это обусловлено тем, что иммуноглобулины интенсивно перемещаются в клетки секреторного эпителия альвеолярной ткани вымени. В молозиве первого удоя содержится от 57,86 г/л (голштинская порода) до 106,78 г/л (бестужевская порода) иммуноглобулинов. В молозиве второго удоя содержание иммуноглобулинов снижается у бестужевской породы на 18,9%, черно-пестрой — на 25,1%, голштинской — на 29,3%, айрширской — на 21,7%, а при четвертом доении, соответственно, на 45,4; 51,6; 52,4; 49,2%. Через 6 ч после первого выпаивания молозивом, содержание иммуноглобулинов в сыворотке крови телят всех пород, за исключением голштинской, было выше 10 мг/мл, что считается физиологической нормой. Исследования показали, что в каждой породе есть телята, не воспринимающие иммуноглобулины из молозива матери, доля которых составляет, соответственно 20; 16; 30; 10%. Наиболее опасными для здоровья теленка являются первые 5 дней жизни. В этот период в бестужевской породе заболело 6% телят, черно-пестрой — 24, голштинской — 42, айрширской — 14%. Всего за первый месяц жизни заболеваемость телят в группах составила, соответственно, 16; 48; 76; 26%.The article presents the study of peculiarities of immune development in newborn calves. The objects of interest were Bestuzhev, Black-and-White, Holstein and Ayrshire cows and their progeny raised in the environmental and climatic zone of Middle Volga and Southern Ural. The study has shown that during the last month prior to calving there was a decrease of immunoglobulin content in the cows’ blood serum: in Bestuzhev cows by 19.3%, in Black-and-White cows by 15.8%, in Holstein cows by 13.4% and in Ayrshire cows by 15.0%. This is due to the fact that immunoglobulins massively migrate to secretory epithelium cells of the udder alveolar tissue. Immunoglobulin concentration in the first milking colostrum was from 57.86 g/l (Holstein cows) up to 106.78 g/l (Bestuzhev cows). In the second milking colostrum the content of immunoglobulins was decreased by 18.9% in Bestuzhev cows, by 25.1% in Black-and-White cows, by 29.3% in Holstein cows and by 21.7% in Ayrshire cows, in the forth milking colostrum the decrease was respectively by 45.4; 51.6; 52.4 and 49.2%. 6 hours after the first colostrum feeding immunoglobulin content in blood serum of calves of all breeds except for Holstein one exceeded 10 mg/ml, what was within the physiological norm. The study has shown that there were calves in every breed who did not accept immunoglobulins from the mother’s colostrum, their percentage was respectively 20; 16; 30 and 10%. The first five days of life were the most dangerous for the health of calves. During the period 6% Bestuzhev calves, 24% Black-and-White calves, 42 Holstein calves and 14% Ayrshire calves fell ill. During the fist month of life the morbidity rate of calves was respectively 16; 48; 76 and 26%.

Detection of Subclinical Ketosis in Urine of Cattle and Buffaloes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishtha Kushwah ◽  
Mahendra Singh ◽  
Ashwani Kumar Roy
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Sahiwal Cows

Background: Subclinical ketosis (SCK) in dairy cows is a common metabolic disorder and a strong determinant of the health and performance of cows throughout lactation. Considerable amount of milk loss takes place with SCK incidence in dairy animals. Greater benefits are to be gained by monitoring the cows for SCK. The current study was aimed to find out incidence of SCK by urine test strip (Keto-Diastix). Methods: The present investigation was carried out on crossbred and Sahiwal cows and Murrah buffaloes (n=180) of the institute herd and rural dairy farms (n=97) around Karnal. The urine samples were tested for subclinical ketosis (SCK) 5-60 days postpartum from August 2019 to March 2020. Meteriological data on wet and dry bulb temperature and ambient temperature was collected and THI was calculated. Data of SCK incidence was classified based on stages of early lactation (5-20, 21-40 and 41-60d), parity (I, II, III and above), seasons (hot-humid, autumn, winter and spring) and milk production level ( less than 10kg, 10-20 kg and greater than 20 kg/d). Milk yield and environment variables were recorded during the experiment. Urine ketone and glucose level was detected by keto-Diastix to find out incidence of SCK. Result: Mean level of ketone bodies in urine was higher (P less than 0.01) in high yielding cows as compared to the medium yielders; however it did not vary in buffaloes. Ketone bodies in urine were high (P less than 0.01) in crossbred cows than that of buffaloes and Sahiwal cows. Urine glucose level did not vary among cows and buffaloes. It is concluded that high producing crossbred cows are more vulnerable to SCK between 41-60d of lactation and in III parity and above due to peak milk production. Sahiwal cows and buffaloes suffer less from SCK probably due to medium level of milk production. Factors like high milk yield, higher parity and hot-humid stress makes the animal more vulnerable to SCK. The screening of urine samples of animals at monthly intervals may be practiced by the farmers to monitor the incidence of SCK.

BIOTECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENTY OF CATTLE BREEDING

10.12737/7744 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
Самоделкин ◽  
Aleksandr Samodelkin ◽  
Еремин ◽  
Sergey Eremin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Newborn Calves

There was studied the distribution of postpartum pathology of cows and disease of calves in early postnatal period in conditions of Nizhny Novgorod region. It was established, that the new tissue drug &#34;bio-tec&#34; has positive influence on reproductive function, safety and live weight gain of calves. The postpartum pathology of cows gained wide spread among nizhnynovgorod farms up to 80%, e.g. Endometritis and subinvolution of uterus 37,4 and 23,9 respectively. By clinical examination of newborn calves it was established, that in the first month of life 50,3% fall ill with gastrointestinal diseases of various etiologies. The die-off of calves reached 29%. Using &#34;bio-tec&#34; drug to dry cows decreased the percentage of postpartum pathology by 35% and reduced the time of involution of uterus for 11,2 days; the service period reduced by 21,2 days and the diseases of newborn calves was twice less, that increased the energy of growth and in 16 month age heifers went over animals of the control group by 10%, that allowed their earlier use for reproduction. So, the results of conducted research showed, that twice a day injection of tissue drug &#34;bio-tec&#34; to dry cows in 10ml dose 60-55 and 40-35 days to calving contributes reducing of obstetric pathology. Subsequent use to calves in 4ml dose in 5-8 days age increases the safety of calves and positively influences the live weight gain, that in fact gives abilities of more effective cattle breeding.

scholarly journals Effect of mother alcoholization on the activity of ghrelin system in prenatal and early postnatal periods of rat offspring

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marat Igorevich Airapetov ◽  
Platon Platonovich Khokhlov ◽  
Eugeny Rudolfovich Bychkov ◽  
Edgar Arturovich Sekste ◽  
Natalia Dmitrievna Yakushina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Dopaminergic Receptors ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Ghrelin Receptor ◽  
Chronic Alcoholization ◽  
The Brain

The purpose of the paper was to study both the desacylghrelin (unacylated ghrelin) level in the blood serum and expression of mRNA ghrelin receptor in the brain structures in ontogeny after chronic alcoholization in rats. The results proved that the prenatal effect of ethanol negatively affected the maturation of dopaminergic and ghrelin systems of the brain as well as involvement of ghrelin system in mechanisms of alcohol dependence formation. The decrease of COMT mRNA expression simultaneoully with the increase of expression of D2 long and short isoforms of dopaminergic receptors and misbalance of ghrelin system were observed. Alcoholization of mothers reduced desacylghrelin level in the blood serum in early postnatal period in offsprings although mRNA expression of ghrelin receptor in the brain was elevated. Chronic alcoholization of adult rats also affected the ghrelin system. In the alcoholiztion process, the reduced contents of desacylghrelin in the blood serum with compensatory increase of ghrelin receptor expression in the brain were registered. After withdrawal of ethanol, the recovery of desacylghrelin level (tendency to normalization) was observed.

scholarly journals Effects of biologically active substances on interior indicators of pigs in the early postnatal period

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Olga Nikolaevna Polozyuk ◽  
Tatyana Ivanovna Lapina
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Active Substances

The authors found out that the application  of dietary supplements "Glimalask Lact" allowed preventing the disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and saving all piglets throughout the experiment.  After application of "Agrocid super oligo", the safety of purebred piglets was 100 %, and for two pedigree piglets it was 96.7%.   In piglets of the 1st and 2nd control groups, disorder of the gastrointestinal tract was noted during the completion of colostral immunity and at weaning from sows.  The safety of purebred piglets was 96.7%, and of the two pedigree piglets  it was 93.4%. The number of γg-globulins in the blood serum of two breed piglings treated with the Glimalask Lact supplement increased by 3.5 and 2.5% compared to the piglets of the experimental group fed with Agrocid super oligo, and of the control group, The number of g-globulins in the blood serum of purebred  piglets it increased by 2.4 and 3.1% compared with analogues of the experimental and control groups.

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