scholarly journals Methodological Principles of Information Materials Research in Forensic Psychology

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
T. N. Sekerazh
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Discursive Analysis ◽  
General Methodology ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Psychological Examination ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Forensic Institutions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Information Materials

The article addresses the basic methodological principles of psychological analysis of information materials applied during the forensic psychological examination of a new direction established in the system of forensic institutions of the Ministry of Justice of Russia in 2017. The foundation of the direction is the general methodology of forensic psychological examination, deeply elaborated by F.S. Safuanov. At the same time, the features of objects (information materials and communications included in social activities and human behavior that are subject to legal assessment and can be recognized as criminal) and the subject of research (forensically and legally significant features of information materials) determine the number of particular methodological principles, methods, and procedures for their application. These distinguish the study of information materials from the study of the mental activity of investigated persons (accused, victims, witnesses) during the legally significant period.The author notes a connection of psychological research of information materials with the general methodology of forensic psychological examination. At the same time, methodological features are determined due to the interdisciplinary connections of a new kind of forensic examination with other sciences and practical expert tasks. Next, the article describes the main methodological approaches of psychological research of information materials: system-structural, activity-based, phenomenological, and hermeneutic, as well as level, communicative, qualitative, and discursive analysis.

Conducting Psychological Examinations for Citizens in Possession of Weapons: Strengthening State Control Over Circulation of Weapons

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Sergey N. Bokov ◽  
Maxim I. Zhdanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
State Control ◽  
Gun Ownership ◽  
Frustration Tolerance ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Psychological Examination ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Analysis Of Social Networks

In the article, in connection with the introduction of amendments to the federal legislation, specific issues regarding the conducting of a psychological survey of citizens gun owners and candidates for gun ownership are considered. A battery of psychodiagnostic techniques that can be used in the course of a psychological examination (progressive matrices of J. Raven, a questionnaire of the Level of subjective control, and a method for diagnosing frustration tolerance from Rosenzweig, Minnesota Multidisciplinary Personality Questionnaire) is proposed and justified, as is an algorithm for conducting psychodiagnostic research. Furthermore, a proposal to include in the psychological examination, a psychological analysis of social networks (provided that the subject is a member of their group) has been made. The possible participation in the psychological survey gun owners and candidates for gun ownership psychologists of Rosgvardiya are justified and the specific form of their participation in the survey is indicated.

Psychology and the New Private Law

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-142
Author(s):  
Tess Wilkinson-Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Legal Decision ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Legal Decision Making ◽  
Normative Models

This chapter presents a framework for understanding the most promising contributions of psychological methods and insights for private law. It focuses on two related domains of psychological research: cognitive and social psychology. Cognitive psychology is the study of mental processes, which one might shorthand as “thinking.” Social psychology asks about the role of other people—actual, implied, or imagined—on mental states and human behavior. The chapter is oriented around five core psychological insights: calculation, motivation, emotion, social influence, and moral values. Legal scholarship by turns tries to explain legal decision-making, tries to calibrate incentives, and tries to justify its values and its means. Psychology speaks to these descriptive, prescriptive, and normative models of decision-making. The chapter then argues that psychological analysis of legal decision-making challenges the work that the idea of choice and preference is doing in private law, especially in the wake of the law and economics movement.

scholarly journals Main elements of formation of the mechanism of providing innovative development of industrial enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
I. V. Levytska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Literature ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Enterprise Innovation ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Enterprise Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Effective Use

The article is devoted to the research of theoretical and methodological principles of formation of the basic elements of the mechanism of providing innovativ edevelopment of domestic enterprises. The urgency of a thorough study of the elements of forming a mechanism for ensuring the innovative development of industrial enterprises, which effective use of which all ows to increase the competitivenes sof the enterprise, contributing to the achievement of certaingoals and align them with the task sin the direction of their solution. The purpose of the article is to form the basic elements of the mechanism for ensuring innovative development of industrial enterprises. The object of research is the innovative development of industrial enterprises. The subject of the study is the formation of the mechanism of providing innovative development of industrial enterprises. The methodological basis of the research is general scientific and special methods of cognition, research and research literature, scientific works of main elements of formation of the mechanism of providing innovative development of industrial enterprises. The essence of the mechanism and the basic conditions for its provisionared etermined. It is proved that the overall result of the mechanism is to achieve current and predicted indicators that will be better than competitors indifferent are asof the enterprise, which will ensuret argeted innovation and technological transformation sat the enterprise. The structurals cheme of the main elements of the mechanism for providing innovative development of the enterpriseis presented, which should contain the established goal and settasks, functions and principles, the basic requirements, that are put to the formation of the mechanism, the components of ensuring the operation of the mechanism that ensure the achievement of the set innovation goals. In addition, the sequence of actions to develop a mechanism for providing innovative development of the enterprise is proposed. The main levers that ensure the operation of the mechanis matthenational and regional level sas well as atthe enterprise level are highlighted. Furt her research will address the issue sof developing monitoring of industrial innovation impvement process esaimed attracking enterprise innovation performance indicators and improving the irimplementation of appropriate measures.

scholarly journals GALHERIN’S THEORY OF ORIENTATION AND METHODS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH

2021 ◽  
pp. 289-311
Author(s):  
Marina A. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
General Characteristic ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spontaneous Formation ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
First Case ◽  
Scientific Significance ◽  
Mental Actions

The relevance of the study. The paper raises the problem of methods of psychological research, this problem is reflected in written and oral speeches of P. Ya. Galperin. The scientific significance of this problem is due to the fact that using the forming method allows us to obtain data concerning the laws of the formation of a new action in the conditions of not only controlled, but also its spontaneous formation. The purpose of the study is to obtain scientific psychological information concerning the forming method. The key concept of the theory of P. Ya. Galperin is the concept of orientation, which determines the success of the action. Polemizing with J. Piaget on the question of age capabilities of the child, P. Ya. Galperin experimentally showed that in the conditions of forming method “real mental actions and concepts” are formed much earlier than in the traditional spontaneous formation. If in the first case the process of formation becomes generally controllable, in the second it is only directed. The transition to the method of formation by stages, stressed P. Ya. Galperin, creates a basic for an appreciable improvement of the methods of instruction and means a radical change in the methods of psychological research. Methods — historical and psychological analysis, comparative analysis. The results. The publication consists of three parts. The main part (the middle one) is P.Ya. Galperin’s article «The cross-sectional method and the method of formation by stages». It is published on the materials of the personal archive of P. Ya. Galperin. The article, written by P. Ya. Galperin on the results of his speech at the International psychological Congress in Moscow in 1966, was previously published in the journal “Voprosy psyikhologii”, in this form article is a corrected version by P. Ya. Galperin. The first part of the paper is a short introduction providing a general characteristic of the Piaget and Galperin discussion on Psychological Congress. In conclusion (the third part) an attempt is made to identify the main lines on which it is possible to compare the views of P. Ya. Halperin and J. Piaget. The conclusion. The reference to the materials of Piaget and Galperin discussion is not only of historical and theoretical importance, but also allows us to outline the prospects of current scientific research in the field of genetic psychology.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL VALUE OF THE REVIEWS ON UKRAINIAN TERMINOLOGY DICTIONARIES OF THE LATE XXth AND THE EARLY XXIst CENTURIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
Tetiana Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Characteristic Parameter ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Practical Realization ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Xxist Century ◽  
Normative Term ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Principles

The aim of the research is to determine the theoretical and practical significance of the reviews on natural sciences terminology dictionaries. The object of the research is a system of parametric measurements of terminology dictionaries, the subject is critical remarks on the structural parameters representation of terminology dictionaries. The research material is the texts of the reviews published during the late XXth and the early XXIst centuries. Тhe following methods were used: lexicographic analysis of the dictionary parameters, the quantitative analysis and the comparative one. As a result of the research, it is determined that throughout the analyzed period the experts focus on definition and translation dictionaries as well as reference dictionaries. Most remarks are made to the dictionaries of the early XXIst century. The potential importance of practical application of the results is to improve the theoretical and methodological principles and means of terminology dictionaries creation, as well as their use to develop new (combined) type that comprehensively represent the vocabulary of a particular branch of science. Conclusions: 1) the critical comments on professional definition dictionaries relate to such of their parameters as: ‘introduction / preface’, ‘encyclopedia information’, ‘dictionary register’, ‘definition’, ‘list of references’; 2) translation definition dictionaries have quantitative drawbacks regarding the representation of such structural parameters: ‘dictionary register’, ‘translation area’, ‘definition’; 3) to the parameters of reference dictionaries the following critical comments are made: to replace the title loan term by the normative term; to add the ‘accent characteristic’ parameter; to match the title terms with their definitions etc. Theoretical and practical significance of the reviews on terminology dictionaries gives the possibility to systematize the drawbacks revealed by critics in the representation of structural parameters of such publications, for the purpose to improve the fundamental theoretical and methodological foundations of metaterminography and the practical realization of high-quality works.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGY OF COMPLEX AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCHES IN MODERN PSYCHOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. MAZILOV
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment

The article is devoted to the evaluation of perspectives of interdisciplinary researches using in psychological science in modern conditions. There are formulated approaches that let to improve the efficiency of interdisciplinary researches. Although this issue has received considerable attention of researchers, the problem is not solved at the moment. The theory of complex psychological researches as a scientific concept, reflecting the specificity of psychological research has not been developed yet. The reason for this is that researchers try to develop the principles of organization and procedure of this kind of researches. It is possible to develop the methodology and theory of complex psychological researches, based on the understanding of the subject of psychology. It is alleged that at present time the most adequate understanding of the subject of psychology is his interpretation like the subjective world of human.

scholarly journals The Safety of Professionalization Subjects in Psychological and Neuropsychological Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-39
Author(s):  
Olha Lazorko ◽  
Virna Zhanna ◽  
Vasyl Yahupov ◽  
Oksana Valchuk-Orkusha ◽  
Iryna Melnyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Security Problem ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Graduating Students

Recently, the revision of priorities in the interpretation of the security problem and their transformation from the interests of the state to the interests of man himself, have actualized the study of psychological protection. Especially aspects of personal protection are relevant in the professional sphere, which led to the development of the problem of personal protection as a subject of professionalization, taking into account psychological and neuropsychological factors. The purpose of the study is to empirically verify the structurally functional organization of personal protection as a subject of professionalization. The proposed model is based on the methodological principles and conditions of the content of the subject, system and synergetic approaches (the subject principle determines the subjective features expressed in subjective-personal characteristics, the system principle - substantial features expressed in socially personal characteristics; the synergetic principle - quality features that are integrative sign of professional protection of the individual. The sample of the study was: graduating students (n = 180); 4th and 5th year students (n = 230); doctors and medical workers (n = 441). The characteristics of psychodiagnostic tools used in these blocks of the empirical research program are described. The results of the study demonstrated the excellent content of empirical referents of professional protection of the individual in the period of professional optation, professional training and actual professional implementation in ordinary and special conditions of activity. The scientific position of the empirical study of professional safety of the individual is realized in the separation of the experience of social satisfaction, the system-forming factor of which is the urgent need that initiates the manifestation of successful professional realization.

Constructing the Subject: South African Psychological Research before World War II

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Louw ◽  
Julie Binedell ◽  
Welmoet Brimmer ◽  
Pindi Mabena ◽  
Annemarie Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
South African ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
World War ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

Thirty-three journal articles reporting empirical findings published by South African psychologists before 1939 were examined to establish the dominant research models of the time. Danziger's study provided the initial impetus as well as methodological guidelines. Findings indicate that three models of research were present, but that one, the Galtonian form of experimentation, soon dominated the field. One possible explanation is to be found in the early involvement of South African psychologists in applied and practical matters. Thus an investigative practice which enabled psychologists to develop knowledge which was relevant to the needs of socially important markets, and still be acceptable as ‘scientific’ knowledge, had significant advantages over rival investigative practices.

Conceptual Model of the Subject of Circular Economy in the Context of Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Roman Ivanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
The Cost

The article deals with certain issues of the introduction and functioning of the circular economy, the introduction of which allows you to obtain positive environmental, economic and social effects. It is noted that it is characterized by the emergence of synergistic effects in the conditions of development of ecological and economic systems, which create conditions for their advancement towards a state of sustainable development. A model of the subject of a circular economy in the context of sustainable development, which reflects the transformative essence, wave nature and cyclical nature of economic processes within the framework of the wave-particle concept of the formation of economic behavior, is proposed and analyzed. The model is formulated in accordance with the methodological principles of describing material flows, which are based on the phenomenological assumption that their kinetics is isomorphic to the dynamics of a continuous medium. The presented construct was named “economic dipole”. The model is built in the state space, the coordinates of which characterize the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the studied subject. The model reflects the self-organizing nature of the management of a circular economy entity, the balance between production and consumption and cyclical movement within the framework of such a circular economy business model as resource recovery. It minimizes the cost of resources by increasing the efficiency of production through reverse flows. The adequacy and information content of the model was checked by analyzing the fields of speed and motivation, the connection of which in the context of sustainable development is represented by the equation of maintaining overall motivation, which consists of a motivating and compensating component. It is shown that the subject of the circular economy is more motivated for sustainable development and overcoming the negative consequences of production than for maintaining the existing state, which reflects the key positive effects of introducing a circular economy.

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