COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE US IMPORTATION SEASONALITY OF WOODEN MOLDINGS MADE OUT OF BRAZILIAN AND CHILEAN CONIFERS

Conifer wood moldings are classified as high value-added wood products and are used for several purposes in civil construction. Brazil is the world’s leading exporter of this product and the United States are its main destination market. It is very important to analyze the behavior of such importations and exportations to set strategies to obtain or increase the competitive advantage and improve the commercialization of these products. The objective of this study was to analyze the US importation seasonality of conifer wood moldings from Brazil and Chile, the main competitor of the Brazilian product in the US market. To write this paper, monthly data of the quantity of US importations of Brazilian and Chilean moldings from the period of 2011 to 2017 were collected from the database of the United States Department of Agriculture/Foreign Agricultural Service. The methodology proposed by Hoffman (2006) was employed to calculate the seasonal and seasonality indexes. The results indicated that the US importation of conifer wood moldings, both from Brazil and Chile, have a seasonal behavior, with great variation of the seasonal index.

Sociólogos Rurais, Modernização e Ideais de Comunidade na América Latina: O Caso do Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations (1930 – 1940)

RESUMO O artigo aborda a participação de sociólogos rurais norte-americanos em missões técnicas na América Latina, durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, como parte dos programas de cooperação interamericana dos EUA. Argumenta que o contexto político e intelectual da Era Roosevelt, assim como a matriz comunitarista de pensamento da sociologia rural, contribuíram para que esses cientistas sociais lançassem um olhar particular sobre os vizinhos ao Sul do Rio Grande. Esses povos foram concebidos não apenas como economicamente atrasados, mas também como lócus de experimentos societais originais que poderiam, no curso de seu desenvolvimento, contornar aqueles que eram considerados os efeitos deletérios da modernização capitalista nos EUA, como o individualismo dissolvente dos laços comunitários. Focalizando o caso de T. Lynn Smith, que atuou como analista agrícola no Brasil e na Colômbia, indica como tal diagnóstico sobre os potenciais de desenvolvimento da América Latina envolveu igualmente diálogos com tradições locais de pensamento.

PROBLEMS OF DESIGN OF AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX

This article is devoted to the study of the experience of designing domestic and foreign agricultural facilities, the prospective development of the architecture of a suburban multifunctional agricultural complex for the cultivation, storage, processing and sale of agricultural products in Kazakhstan. As a result of a comprehensive study, architectural proposals were developed and functional zones were determined: a recreation area, greenhouses, a residential area, a landscape area, a recreational-type settlement (tourism, recreation and hunting) and a trade and fair zone.

UNIVERSAL HYDRAULIC DRIVE FOR AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY

The introduction and functional expansion of hydraulic drives expands the use of hydraulic systems as a power take-off, providing the possibility of independent drive of different consumers in a wide range of loads. The flagships of foreign agricultural, road, industrial engineering equip their products with hydraulic systems, the power of which significantly exceeds 70 kW and this figure continues to grow. Due to the fact that the developers of mobile energy are in a rigid framework for size, fuel and other indicators, the creation of such equipment is through the introduction of universal hydraulic systems. Universalization of hydraulic systems to ensure the work of external consumers is one of the most important tasks in the development of hydraulic systems. But, despite more than age development and improvement of the hydraulic drive, scientific researches for the purpose of creation of universal and more economic models are actively conducted in different countries of the world. The big disadvantage of these designs is the inability to change the speed of the shaft of the hydraulic motor drive equipment, because this parameter depends on the wear of components and parts of the hydraulic drive, oil temperature. An important indicator of modern hydraulic drives is the introduction of adjustable pumps, which significantly expand the potential of the hydraulic drive by improving the technical and economic performance. In this case, the drive of all equipment is provided by one pump. Such “centralized” systems operate from a single energy source and air conditioners. As a result the possibility of return rotation of the hydraulic motor, its braking, smooth change of frequency of rotation of a drive of the equipment of agricultural machines is provided. But, despite more than age development and improvement of the hydraulic drive, researches for the purpose of creation of universal and more economic models are actively conducted in different countries of the world.

Systematization of automation elements used in agricultural tractors

The article discusses the brands of foreign agricultural tractors used by modern automation systems. The main questions of the expediency application and methods of creating means automatic control and management for agricultural tractors are considered. The characteristics of the categories of application of automation elements are given.

Jahrbuch des Agrarrechts

In the XV. volume on the Yearbook on Agricultural Law, current problems in agricultural law are examined and legal solutions are presented. Internationally, South Korea‘s approach to deregulation of farmland ownership restrictions and forced utilization is provided, and de minimis aid is explained from a Polish perspective. In terms of labelling law, the innovations and opportunities on the EU Organic Regulation No. 2048/848 are discussed. In a further contribution, the legal instruments of the Common Agricultural Policy are evaluated in various crisis scenarios. In addition, the increasing integration of environmental and climate protection concerns into the Common Agricultural Policy is documented. Another article focuses on the Common Fisheries Policy from the perspective of state aid law. This volume also continues the comprehensive overview of the monographs and journal articles on German and foreign agricultural law published between 2018 and 2020, which were included in the library of the institute. With contributions by Gottfried Holzer, Teahuan Keum, José Martínez, Georg Miribung, Rudolf Mögele and Aneta Suchon.

Foreign economic activity of Ukrainian agrarian enterprises as a factor of accelerating their production modernization and implementing the innovation and investment processes of their development

The subject of the research is the processes of influencing foreign economic activity on the modernization of production and innovation and investment processes of the development of agricultural enterprises. The purpose of the work to identify and assess the impact of foreign economic activity on the need for modernization and innovation and investment support for the development of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine, foreign experience in their implementation and problems that require urgent solutions to improve competitiveness in the European and world agricultural markets. The methodological basis of the article was monographic, historical, system-structural analysis and synthesis, statistical groupings, problem-target. Results of work. The influence of foreign economic activity on the need to modernize agricultural production and accelerate innovation and investment processes in the development of agricultural enterprises is revealed. The experience of organizing innovation and investment activities abroad is presented. The directions of innovation and sources of investment, as well as the forms of their attraction at the level of agricultural enterprises to maintain and increase their competitiveness in the external economic dimension have been determined. The field of application of results. The results can be used by enterprises united by territorial communities, regional and state authorities. Conclusions. The prospects of agricultural enterprises, their foreign economic activity and competitiveness in foreign agricultural markets are associated with the implementation of innovative and innovative investment projects. However, their introduction has not yet become widespread. Summarizing the procedure for their implementation, it is possible to identify the main problems of their implementation at the level of agricultural enterprises. Now it is imperfection and lack of formation of institutional support; a limited list of assets that banks can accept as collateral.

Bioremediation of Endosulfan Contaminated Soil by using Microbial Consortia in the Field

Objectives : The use of risky and persistent organochlorine pesticides was prohibited, but is still detected in many agricultural lands. In this study, Phanerochaete chrysosporium Y-2 (KCCM-10725P) and Streptomyces sp. MJM14747 (KACC 81078BP), which were finally selected among various candidate microorganisms, were applied to field soil and estimated the endosulfan removal rate.Methods : The field testing sites were set to an area of 3 m × 3 m, respectively. A 35% endosulfan emulsion was sprayed on both sites so that the final concentration was about 20 µg/g. Thereafter, 12 kg of original sawdust and 12 kg of sawdust loaded with microbial consortia were mixed at each of the two sites. During the test period for a total of 100 days, samples were taken every 30 days. Soil samples were extracted according to the QuEChERS AOAC method and analyzed by gas chromatography.Results and Discussion : The concentrations immediately after endosulfan emulsion treatment at both sites were detected as 21.2 µg/g and 21.9 µg/g, respectively. The removal rate of endosulfan at the site without microbial consortia treatment (Control) was about 21.9% until the 30th day, and 54.4% on the 100th day. On the other hand, the endosulfan removal rate on the 100th day of the site treated with microbial consortia was 89.5%, which was 1.6 times higher than that of the control site. On the 30th day, the removal rate was 56.8%, and the rate of degradation of endosulfan increased thereafter. Among the major components of endosulfan, the removal rate of α-endosulfan was higher than that of β-endosulfan. After 100 days, the removal rates of α-endosulfan and β-endosulfan were 98.0% and 83.5%, respectively.Conclusions : Streptomyces sp. MJM14747 showed good degradation ability in the presence of endosulfan at a high concentration of around 100 µg/g. Moreover, Phanerochaete chrysosporium Y-2 has a good performance in the removal of β-endosulfan, which is slow degrading components of endosulfan. Microbial consortia are expected to be applied not only to domestic and foreign agricultural land but also to overall bioremediation projects.