Energy transport in Z3 chiral clock model

We characterize the energy transport in a one dimensional Z3 chiral clock model. The model generalizes the Z2 symmetric transverse field Ising model (TFIM). The model is parametrized by a chirality parameter Θ, in addition to f and J which are analogous to the transverse field and the nearest neighbour spin coupling in the TFIM. Unlike the well studied TFIM and XYZ models, does not transform to a fermionic system. We use a matrix product states implementation of the Lindblad master equation to obtain the non-equilibrium steady state (NESS) in systems of sizes up to 48. We present the estimated NESS current and its scaling exponent γ as a function of Θ at different f/J. The estimated γ(f/J,Θ) point to a ballistic energy transport along a line of integrable points f=Jcos{3Θ} in the parameter space; all other points deviate from ballistic transport. Analysis of finite size effects within the available system sizes suggest a diffusive behavior away from the integrable points.

Theory of optical tweezing of dielectric microspheres in chiral host media and its applications

We report for the first time the theory of optical tweezers of spherical dielectric particles embedded in a chiral medium. We develop a partial-wave (Mie) expansion to calculate the optical force acting on a dielectric microsphere illuminated by a circularly-polarized, highly focused laser beam. When choosing a polarization with the same handedness of the medium, the axial trap stability is improved, thus allowing for tweezing of high-refractive-index particles. When the particle is displaced off-axis by an external force, its equilibrium position is rotated around the optical axis by the mechanical effect of an optical torque. Both the optical torque and the angle of rotation are greatly enhanced in the presence of a chiral host medium when considering radii a few times larger than the wavelength. In this range, the angle of rotation depends strongly on the microsphere radius and the chirality parameter of the host medium, opening the way for a quantitative characterization of both parameters. Measurable angles are predicted even in the case of naturally occurring chiral solutes, allowing for a novel all-optical method to locally probe the chiral response at the nanoscale.

Optical Textures and Orientational Structures in Cholesteric Droplets with Conical Boundary Conditions

Cholesteric droplets dispersed in polymer with conical boundary conditions have been studied. The director configurations are identified by the polarising microscopy technique. The axisymmetric twisted axial-bipolar configuration with the surface circular defect at the droplet’s equator is formed at the relative chirality parameter N 0 ≤ 2.9 . The intermediate director configuration with the deformed circular defect is realised at 2.9 < N 0 < 3.95 , and the layer-like structure with the twisted surface defect loop is observed at N 0 ≥ 3.95 . The cholesteric layers in the layer-like structure are slightly distorted although the cholesteric helix is untwisted.

Normal waves in the electromagnetic metachiral isotropic medium with losses

Plane electromagnetic waves in an isotropic absorbing chiral medium (chiral metamaterial) are considered. A system of constitutive Drude - Born - Fedorov relations with complex values of the dielectric permittivity, magnetic permeability, and the chirality parameter is used. A distinction is made between forward and backward normal waves by introducing a special parameter - the wave type identifier. Analytical expressions for real and imaginary parts of wave numbers of homogeneous normal waves are presented.

High Frequency Fields of the PEMC Elliptical Reflector Placed in Chiral Medium Using Maslov’s Method

The high frequency field expressions are analyzed for perfect electromagnetic conducting (PEMC) elliptical reflector embedded in isotropic, homogeneous and reciprocal chiral medium. Geometric optics (GO) method is used to find the caustic region field for the PEMC elliptical reflector. However, GO fields are not valid around the caustic region due to the occurrence of un-realistic singularity around the caustic region. Therefore, Maslov’s method is used to derive the high frequency fields which are also valid in the vicinity of the caustic region. The effect of admittanceM of the PEMC boundary and the chirality parameter kβ on the high frequency fields are illustrated by plotting the numerical results using MATLAB software. A special case of PEMC circular reflector is also discussed.

Propagation through chiroplasma waveguide using perfect magnetic conductor boundary conditions

Analysis of electromagnetic wave propagations in a cylindrical waveguide filled with a chiroplasma core coated with a perfect magnetic conductor is presented. The presented analysis and formulations is generalized for any general isotropic or anisotropic material, including plasma and metamaterials. The characteristic equations are obtained and the behavior of its characteristic curves and the energy flux are examined and evaluated numerically. The obtained results show that the behavior of the energy flux transported in the guide, in magnitude and orientation, is highly affected by the chirality parameter and the plasma and cyclotron frequencies. The mode cut-off frequencies and transported energies are sensitive to the variations in the material parameters, particularly the variations in the chirality parameter.

Dispersion Curves and Fields for a Chiral Negative Refraction Parallel-Plate Waveguide under PMC Boundary

The characteristics of a chiral negative refraction parallel-plate waveguide under PMC boundary are studied theoretically, and the corresponding dispersion relations, cut-off frequencies, propagating guided modes are obtained. Some novel features are found, such as fundamental mode will be not exist only if the chirality parameter κ>1, in addition, the cutoff frequency is no longer the conventionally defined frequency when propagation constant is zero, but the least frequency that guided mode can still propagate. According to the relations between propagation constant β and wavenumbers k+,k-, the dispersion curves are divided into three regions , and the electromagnetic field components in the regions are analyzed in detail.