DISTRAÇÕES. O olhar, a fotografia e a construção da vida urbana.

O presente ensaio enseja uma reflexão sobre a construção da experiência da vida citadina partindo do pressuposto da teoria benjaminiana da distração. Tendo como método o princípio benjaminano da montagem, as fotos que compõem esse ensaio foram cuidadosamente construídas tendo como objeto elementos banais do universo material cotidiano, o ensaio tem como objetivo permitir aos observadores uma consideração sobre a experiência da cidade contemporânea que não se feche ao significado direto e explícito daquilo que é demonstrado (a indexicaldiade da fotografia), mas que se torne à ação da memória, do ato de registro (arquivo), da realidade concreta e da própria distração como elemento capaz de romper com a obviedade da recepção sensorial da vida urbana.Palavras-chave: Distração. Teoria da Distração. Vida Urbana. Walter Benjamin. Recepção sensorial. DISTRACTIONS. Gaze, photography and the building of urban life. Abstract: The current essay consists of a reflection on the construction of the experience of citadin life departing from the principles of Walter Benjamin’s theory of distraction. By making use of the method of montage, the photographs that compose this essay were carefully constructed having banal elements of everyday material culture as their object, aiming at allowing observers to consider the experience of contemporary city anew; one that is not closed up in the direct and explicit meaning of what is shown (the indexicality of photograph), but that turns its attention to the action of memory, to the act of registering (archiving), and to concrete reality and distraction itself as elements capable of shredding the obviousness of urban life’s sensory reception.Keywords: Distraction. Theory of Distraction. Urban Life. Walter Benjamin. Sensory reception.

Re-emergence and diversification of a specialised antennal lobe morphology in ithomiine butterflies

How an organism’s sensory system functions is central to how it navigates its environment and meets the behavioural challenges associated with survival and reproduction. Comparing sensory systems across species can reveal how facets of behaviour and ecology promote adaptive shifts in the relative importance of certain environmental cues. The insect olfactory system is prominent model for investigating how ecological factors impact sensory reception and processing. Notably work in Lepidoptera led to the discovery of vastly expanded structures, termed a macroglomerular complex (MGC), within the primary olfactory processing centre. These structures typically process pheromonal cues and provide a classic example of how variation in size can influence the functional processing of sensory cues. Though prevalent across moths, the MGC was lost during the early evolution of butterflies, consistent with evidence that courtship initiation in butterflies is primarily reliant upon visual cues, rather than long distance olfactory signals like pheromones. However, a MGC has recently been reported to be present in a species of ithomiine, Godryis zavaleta, suggesting this once lost neural adaptation has re-emerged in this clade. Here, we show that MGC’s, or MGC-like morphologies, are indeed widely distributed across the ithomiine tribe, and vary in both structure and the prevalence of sexual dimorphism. Based on patterns of variation across species with different chemical ecologies, we suggest that this structure is involved in the processing of both plant and pheromonal cues, of interlinked chemical constitution, and has evolved in conjunction with the increased importance and diversification of plant derived chemicals cues in ithomiines.

Teknologi Pengolahan Samosa dengan Penambahan Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera)

<p>Daun kelor merupakan tanaman yang banyak ditemui di Indonesia. Tanaman ini mengandung banyak gizi, tetapi pemanfaatannya masih rendah. Agar gizi tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan maka perlu dilakukan inovasi makanan yang dapat diterima oleh masyarakat. Salah satu inovasi yang dipilih adalah samosa. Pemilihan hidangan tersebut dikarenakan rasa dari rempah dapat menutupi rasa dan aroma khas daun kelor. Penelitian dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui daya terima secara sensoris dan nilai gizi (energi dan ß-karoten) samosa. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 kali pengulangan pada 4 formula. Formula kontrol (F0) dan 3 formula modifikasi (F1,F2, dan F3), samosa diujikan kepada 50 panelis tidak terlatih dengan penambahan kelor sebesar 17,5%; 20% dan 22,5%. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis statistik menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dan Mann Whitney Test (a = 0,05). Analisis daya terima menunjukkan bahwa formula samosa daun kelor dapat diterima secara umum (rasa, aroma, tekstur, dan warna) dengan kategori suka (3) hanya pada formula F1 (penambahan daun kelor paling sedikit). Warna dan tekstur tidak berbeda nyata, sedangkan aroma berbeda nyata. Formula terbaik yang direkomendasikan yaitu F1 (daun kelor 17,5%) dengan kandungan zat gizi sebesar 164 kkal dan 604 mcg ß-karoten per 100 g.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Received Power and Samosa Nutrition Substance with Addition Of Moringa oliefera</strong></p><p>Moringa leaves are plant parts that are commonly found in Indonesia. This plant contains high nutrients, but its use is still limited. To utilize these nutrients, it is necessary to innovate a food that accepted by the communities. One of the food was samosa, the choice of the dish was due to the taste of the spices that able to cover the flavor and aroma typical of moringa leaves. This research was carried out to determine the sensory reception and nutritional value (energy and ß-carotene) of samosa. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with six replicates on four formulas. Control formula (F0) and three modified samosas recipes (F1, F2, and F3), were tested to 50 untrained panelist with the addition of moringa were 17,5%; 20% and 22.5%. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and statistical analysis using the Kruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitney Test (a = 0.05). Analysis of acceptability indicate that samosa with F1 formula (the least addition of moringa leaves) was generally accepted (taste, aroma, texture, and color) with the category of the likes (3), Color and texture were not significantly different mean while aroma was significantly different. The best formula recommended is F1 (17,5% moringa leaves) with nutrient content of 164 kcal and 604 mcg ß-carotene per 100 g of samosa.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>

Roald Dahl's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory as a School Reading

This chapter aims to develop a new analysis formula and a new language of literary school education/teaching literature, especially the language of reading engagement functionalized in terms of emotional, social, and cultural needs that literature is capable of satisfying. This applies also to young readers. The starting point is the specificity of emotional and sensory reception of literary narration (e.g. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by R. Dahl) in which vivid, multisensory mental imagery absorbs/engages many readers (also on the principle of intersubjective cooperation). Discussion in this chapter is based on three issues: transactional theory of reading response (with aesthetic and efferent reading); individual, personal, and private interpretations; and analysis of types of affect in reception. It also proposes a description of the process of pupils' cognitive activities, recognize mental images, understanding metaphors, and express emotions.

Between extreme simplification and ideal optimization: antennal sensilla morphology of miniaturized Megaphragma wasps (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

One of the major trends in the evolution of parasitoid wasps is miniaturization, which has produced the smallest known insects. Megaphragma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) are smaller than some unicellular organisms, with an adult body length of the smallest only 170 µm. Their parasitoid lifestyle depends on retention of a high level of sensory reception comparable to that in parasitoid wasps that may have antennae hundreds of times larger. Antennal sensilla of males and females of Megaphragma amalphitanum and M. caribea and females of the parthenogenetic M. mymaripenne are described, including sensillum size, external morphology, and distribution. Eight different morphological types of sensilla were discovered, two of them appearing exclusively on female antennae. Two of the types, sensilla styloconica and aporous placoid sensilla, have not been described previously. Regression analyses were performed to detect and evaluate possible miniaturization trends by comparing available data for species of larger parasitoid wasps. The number of antennal sensilla was found to decrease with the body size; M. amalphitanum males have only 39 sensilla per antenna. The number of antennal sensilla types and sizes of the sensilla, however, show little to no correlation with the body size. Our findings on the effects of miniaturization on the antennal sensilla of Megaphragma provide material for discussion on the limits to the reduction of insect antenna.

‘Sensory pad’- A novel chemoreceptive device in Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) to support its amphihaline attribute

Hilsa, Tenualosa ilisha is an amphihaline migratory fish that performs spawning migration to selected freshwater rivers in Indo-Pacific region. It is not clear what force triggers its migration. In this paper, we attempted to describe the features of outer integument from its head region as chemosensory site which appears to play significant role in its upstream migration. We found that this area (termed as snout) has very soft and scale less tissue oriented with pit like grooves named as ‘epidermal pit’. Around these pits, odorant receptor G-protein subunits (Gαq, Gαs/olf and Gαo) have been substantially localized. Use of DASPEI also traced this area with neuronal existence. These features in the snout likely to contribute for chemosensory requirements of the fish during upstream migration. Considering such findings, we named this area of snout as ‘sensory pad’. Its position at the forefront of olfactory organ and brain may have important role in facilitating sensory reception by the fish swimming upstream to the river.

Cell polarity: having and making sense of direction—on the evolutionary significance of the primary cilium/centrosome organ in Metazoa

Cell-autonomous polarity in Metazoans is evolutionarily conserved. I assume that permanent polarity in unicellular eukaryotes is required for cell motion and sensory reception, integration of these two activities being an evolutionarily constrained function. Metazoans are unique in making cohesive multicellular organisms through complete cell divisions. They evolved a primary cilium/centrosome (PC/C) organ, ensuring similar functions to the basal body/flagellum of unicellular eukaryotes, but in different cells, or in the same cell at different moments. The possibility that this innovation contributed to the evolution of individuality, in being instrumental in the early specification of the germ line during development, is further discussed. Then, using the example of highly regenerative organisms like planarians, which have lost PC/C organ in dividing cells, I discuss the possibility that part of the remodelling necessary to reach a new higher-level unit of selection in multi-cellular organisms has been triggered by conflicts among individual cell polarities to reach an organismic polarity. Finally, I briefly consider organisms with a sensorimotor organ like the brain that requires exceedingly elongated polarized cells for its activity. I conclude that beyond critical consequences for embryo development, the conservation of cell-autonomous polarity in Metazoans had far-reaching implications for the evolution of individuality.

KAJIAN MUTU ORGANOLEPTIK DAN DAYA SIMPAN PINDANG TONGKOL DENGAN PERLAKUAN JENIS AIR DAN LAMA PENGUKUSAN

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of water type and the length of steam on sensory quality and shelf life of steamed tuna, so it is expected that the resulting output can be useful for the processing of coastal fish with limited fresh water. This research uses Randomized Block Design with 2 (two) factors ie water type (freshwater and seawater of Tanjung Luar) and steam duration (15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 minutes). Each treatment was replicated 3 times to obtain 30 experimental units. The parameters observed were sensory quality which included hedonic and scoring test with consisted of color, flavor, texture and aroma as well as shelf life of steamed tuna. The results of sensory observation were analyzed by diversity analysis at 5% real level by using Friedman Two Anova and the real difference was tested further with Wilcoxon Match Pairs Test. The steamed tuna sustainability was observed visually by looking at the growth of the fungus. The results showed that the use of water type (seawater and fresh water) and the duration of steaming influence the sensory quality and shelf life of steamed tuna. The use of seawater with steaming for 45 minutes produces steamed tuna with the best sensory reception with favored color characteristics (brownish white), favored scent (a rather strong pindang aroma) with a preferred flavor (a slightly stronger and slightly salty flavored pindang) It has a preferred texture (padded) with 72 hours of storage at room temperature. Key words: sensory, shelf life, steaming, tuna, water ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis air dan lama pengukusan terhadap mutu organoleptik dan daya simpan pindang ikan tongkol, sehingga diharapkan keluaran yang dihasilkan dapat bermanfaat bagi pengolahan ikan daerah pesisir dengan keterbatasan air tawar. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 2 (dua) faktor yaitu jenis air (air tawar dan air laut Tanjung Luar) dan lama pengukusan (15, 30, 45, 60 dan 75 menit). Masing-masing perlakuan diulang 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 30 unit percobaan. Parameter yang diamati adalah mutu organoleptik yang meliputi uji hedonik dan uji skoring warna, rasa, tekstur dan aroma serta daya simpan pindang tongkol. Data hasil pengamatan organoleptik dianalisa dengan analisis keragaman pada taraf nyata 5% dengan menggunakan Friedman Two Anova dan perbedaan nyata diuji lanjut dengan Wilcoxon Match Pairs Test. Daya simpan tongkol diamati secara visual dengan melihat pertumbuhan jamur. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa penggunaan jenis air (air laut dan air tawar) dan lama pengukusan berpengaruh terhadap mutu organoleptik dan daya simpan pindang ikan tongkol. Penggunaan air laut dari Tanjung Luar dengan pengukusan selama 45 menit menghasilkan tongkol dengan penerimaan organoleptik terbaik dengan karakteristik warna disukai (putih kecoklatan), aroma disukai (aroma pindang agak kuat) dengan rasa disukai (rasa khas pindang agak kuat dan terasa agak asin), selain itu memiliki tektur yang disukai (empuk) dengan lama penyimpanan 72 jam pada suhu ruang. Kata kunci: air, daya simpan, organoleptik pengukusan, tongkol

Egg discrimination along a gradient of natural variation in eggshell coloration

Accurate recognition of salient cues is critical for adaptive responses, but the underlying sensory and cognitive processes are often poorly understood. For example, hosts of avian brood parasites have long been assumed to reject foreign eggs from their nests based on the total degree of dissimilarity in colour to their own eggs, regardless of the foreign eggs' colours. We tested hosts' responses to gradients of natural (blue-green to brown) and artificial (green to purple) egg colours, and demonstrate that hosts base rejection decisions on both the direction and degree of colour dissimilarity along the natural, but not artificial, gradient of egg colours. Hosts rejected brown eggs and accepted blue-green eggs along the natural egg colour gradient, irrespective of the total perceived dissimilarity from their own egg's colour. By contrast, their responses did not vary along the artificial colour gradient. Our results demonstrate that egg recognition is specifically tuned to the natural gradient of avian eggshell colour and suggest a novel decision rule. These results highlight the importance of considering sensory reception and decision rules when studying perception, and illustrate that our understanding of recognition processes benefits from examining natural variation in phenotypes.