scholarly journals The environmental context of Early Neolithic cultural transformation in the Targowisko settlement region

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Forysiak ◽  
Sławomir Kadrow ◽  
Agnieszka Noryśkiewicz ◽  
Daniel Okupny ◽  
Thomas Saile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
The Core ◽  
Natural Response ◽  
Settlement Analysis ◽  
Eastern Edge ◽  
Small Wetland ◽  
Complete Regeneration

The aim of this article is to provide information on environmental changes in the Targowisko region in the Early Neolithic as a natural response to settlement and economic activity of the human population in that area. The discussion is based on lithological, geochemical, and palynological analyses, as well as the analysis of Cladocera within strata inside the TRG (Targowisko) core, located in a small wetland in the immediate vicinity of the eastern edge of the Neolithic settlement in the Targowisko region. Settlement analysis points to the absence of stable microregions and to the mobility of human groups. This is confirmed by the sequence of settlement episodes and economic activity, reflected in the stratigraphy of the core sediments, where episodes of significant human interference are followed by phases of almost complete regeneration of the environment. No differences have been noticed between the Linienbandkeramik and Malice culture communities as regards their impact on the environment.

scholarly journals Environmental Changes and Cultural Transitions in SW Iberia during the Early-Mid Holocene

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3580
Author(s):  
Cristina Val-Peón ◽  
Juan I. Santisteban ◽  
José A. López-Sáez ◽  
Gerd-Christian Weniger ◽  
Klaus Reicherter
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Climate Events ◽  
The Impact

The SW coast of the Iberian Peninsula experiences a lack of palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data. With the aim to fill this gap, we contribute with a new palynological and geochemical dataset obtained from a sediment core drilled in the continental shelf of the Algarve coast. Archaeological data have been correlated with our multi-proxy dataset to understand how human groups adapted to environmental changes during the Early-Mid Holocene, with special focus on the Mesolithic to Neolithic transition. Vegetation trends indicate warm conditions at the onset of the Holocene followed by increased moisture and forest development ca. 10–7 ka BP, after which woodlands are progressively replaced by heaths. Peaks of aridity were identified at 8.2 and 7. 5 ka BP. Compositional, textural, redox state, and weathering of source area geochemical proxies indicates abrupt palaeoceanographic modifications and gradual terrestrial changes at 8.2 ka BP, while the 7.5 ka BP event mirrors a decrease in land moisture availability. Mesolithic sites are mainly composed of seasonal camps with direct access to the coast for the exploitation of local resources. This pattern extends into the Early Neolithic, when these sites coexist with seasonal and permanent occupations located in inland areas near rivers. Changes in settlement patterns and dietary habits may be influenced by changes in coastal environments caused by the sea-level rise and the impact of the 8.2 and 7.5 ka BP climate events.

scholarly journals From the Epipalaeolithic into the earliest Neolithic (PPNA) in the South Levant

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
Anna Belfer-Cohen ◽  
Nigel Goring-Morris
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
The South ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

This paper examines the nature of initial neolithisation indications during the terminal Pleistocene and earliest Holocene in the Southern Levant. This interval corresponds to a period of significant and geographically variable environmental changes in the region. Various lines of evidence are provided to demonstrate the long durée (c. 15 000 years) character of interactions during the Early, Middle and Late Epipalaeolithic that were instrumental to the emergence of the fullyfledged agricultural life ways in the later phases of the Early Neolithic (PPNB).

Culture transformation in Targowisko microregion. Trends of changes inside Danubian farmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kadrow ◽  
Martin Posselt ◽  
Thomas Saile ◽  
Marcin Wąs ◽  
Joanna Abramów ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Culture Change ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Neolithic Culture ◽  
Culture Transformation ◽  
Settlement Analysis

The aim of this article is to deepen the discussion on the nature and mechanisms of culture change based on the analysis of newly acquired materials from the Targowisko settlement region. Three groups of materials were acquired (from narrow time horizons) related to the single-phase relics of Linienbandkeramik (Brzezie, site 40 and Targowisko, site 16) and Malice culture houses (Targowisko, site 14-15). The absolute chronology of the beginning of the late phase (III) LBK was established to be 5100-5000 BC, and the classic phase (Ib) of MC was dated to 4650-4550 BC. Selected threads of the cultural tradition (in the field of ceramic-making technology and ornamentation and flint-blade production technology) were passed on among families living in individual houses. Settlement analysis showed the relative instability of microregions, the increased mobility of small groups of people, and risky colonization attempts in Targowisko region. No evidence of direct, contemporaneous contact between the LBK and MC populations was found. Key words: LBK, Malice culture, early Neolithic, culture change, Targowisko region

scholarly journals Membrane Deformation of Endothelial Surface Layer Interspersed with Syndecan-4: A Molecular Dynamics Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Zhuo Jiang ◽  
Liwei Guo ◽  
Kai H. Luo ◽  
Yiannis Ventikos
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Lipid Membrane ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Membrane Deformation ◽  
The Core

Abstract The lipid membrane of endothelial cells plays a pivotal role in maintaining normal circulatory system functions. To investigate the response of the endothelial cell membrane to changes in vascular conditions, an atomistic model of the lipid membrane interspersed with Syndecan-4 core protein was established based on experimental observations and a series of molecular dynamics simulations were undertaken. The results show that flow results in continuous deformation of the lipid membrane, and the degree of membrane deformation is not in monotonic relationship with the environmental changes (either the changes in blood velocity or the alteration of the core protein configuration). An explanation for such non-monotonic relationship is provided, which agrees with previous experimental results. The elevation of the lipid membrane surface around the core protein of the endothelial glycocalyx was also observed, which can be mainly attributed to the Coulombic interactions between the biomolecules therein. The present study demonstrates that the blood flow can deform the lipid membrane directly via the interactions between water molecules and lipid membrane atoms thereby affecting mechanosensing; it also presents an additional force transmission pathway from the flow to the lipid membrane via the glycocalyx core protein, which complements previous mechanotransduction hypothesis.

Lake Lerna: investigating Hercules' ancient myth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danae Thivaiou ◽  
Efterpi Koskeridou ◽  
Christos Psarras ◽  
Konstantina Michalopoulou ◽  
Niki Evelpidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Aegean Area ◽  
Freshwater Gastropods ◽  
The Core ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Model

<p>Greece and the Aegean area are among the first areas in Europe to have been occupied by humans. The record of human interventions in natural environments is thus particularly rich. Some of the interventions of the people inhabiting various localities of the country have been recorded in local mythology. Through the interdisciplinary field of geomythology it is possible to attempt to uncover the relationships between the geological history of early civilizations and ancient myths.</p><p>In the present work, we focused on the history of Lake Lerni in the Eastern Peloponnese, an area that is better known through the myth of Hercules and the Lernaean Hydra. The area of the lake – now dried and cultivated – was part of a karstic system and constituted a marshland that was a source of diseases and needed to be dried.</p><p>A new core is studied from the area of modern-day Lerni using palaeontological methods in order to reconstruct environmental changes that occurred during the last 6.000 years approximately. The area is known to have gone from marsh-lacustrine environments to dryer environments after human intervention or the intervention of Hercules according to mythology. Levels of peat considered to represent humid intervals were dated using the radiocarbon method so as to have an age model of the core. Samples of sediment were taken every 10 cm; the grain size was analysed for each sample as well as the fossil content for the environmental reconstruction.</p><p>The presence of numerous freshwater gastropods reflects the intervals of lacustrine environment accompanied with extremely fine dark sediment. Sedimentology is stable throughout the core with few levels of coarse sand/fine gravel, only changes in colour hint to multiple levels richer in organic material.</p>

Reconciling global land model estimates and country reporting of anthropogenic land CO2 sources and sinks with the CMIP6 LUMIP NOAA/GFDL LM4.1 simulations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Shevliakova ◽  
Sergey Malyshev ◽  
Richard Houghton ◽  
Louis Verchot
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Global Land ◽  
Natural Response ◽  
Earth System Models

<p>Global land models, which often served as components Earth system models, and national GHG inventories rely on different methods and produce different estimates of anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and uptakes from land use land cover changes throughout historical period. For example, for 2005 -2014, the sum of the national GHG inventories net emission estimates is 0.1 ± 1.0 GtCO2 yr<sup>–1</sup> while the bookkeeping models is 5.2 ± 2.6 GtCO2 yr<sup>–1</sup> (IPCC SPM 2019).  Previous estimates with the 16 global stand-alone land models produced an estimate of the net land sink of 11.2 ± 2.6 GtCO2 yr<sup>–1</sup> during 2007– 2016 for the natural response of land to human-induced environmental changes such as increasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, nitrogen deposition, and climate change (IPCC SPM 2019).  However, these 16 models do not provide separate estimates for the managed and unmanaged lands. </p><p> </p><p>Here we use results from simulations with the NOAA/GFDL new land model LM4.1 from the CMIP6 Land Use Model Inercomparison Project (LUMIP) to demonstrate how to reconcile the discrepancy between the inventories and land models estimates of the anthropogenic CO<sub>2 </sub>land emissions by using bookkeeping accounting approach applied to the model results.  In addition, we separate estimates of land fluxes on managed and unmanaged lands. Key features of this model include advanced, second generation dynamic vegetation representation and canopy competition, fire, and land use representation driven by full set of gross transitions from the CMIP6 land use scenarios.  We demonstrate how bookkeeping accounting combined with the LUMIP experiments can enhance understanding of land sector net emission estimates and their applications.</p>

scholarly journals Modeling the role of voyaging in the coastal spread of the Early Neolithic in the West Mediterranean

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neus Isern ◽  
João Zilhão ◽  
Joaquim Fort ◽  
Albert J. Ammerman
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
The West ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Elements

The earliest dates for the West Mediterranean Neolithic indicate that it expanded across 2,500 km in about 300 y. Such a fast spread is held to be mainly due to a demic process driven by dispersal along coastal routes. Here, we model the Neolithic spread in the region by focusing on the role of voyaging to understand better the core elements that produced the observed pattern of dates. We also explore the effect of cultural interaction with Mesolithic populations living along the coast. The simulation study shows that (i) sea travel is required to obtain reasonable predictions, with a minimum sea-travel range of 300 km per generation; (ii) leapfrog coastal dispersals yield the best results (quantitatively and qualitatively); and (iii) interaction with Mesolithic people can assist the spread, but long-range voyaging is still needed to explain the archaeological pattern.

scholarly journals A divergent CheW confers plasticity to nucleoid-associated chemosensory arrays

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annick Guiseppi ◽  
Juan Jesus Vicente ◽  
Julien Herrou ◽  
Deborah Byrne ◽  
Aurelie Barneoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Histidine Kinase ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Myxococcus Xanthus ◽  
Accessory Protein ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Amino Acid Region ◽  
Chemosensory Systems ◽  
Acid Region

ABSTRACTChemosensory systems are highly organized signaling pathways that allow bacteria to adapt to environmental changes. The Frz chemosensory system from M. xanthus possesses two CheW-like proteins, FrzA (the core CheW) and FrzB. We found that FrzB does not interact with FrzE (the cognate CheA) as it lacks the amino acid region responsible for this interaction. FrzB, instead, acts upstream of FrzCD in the regulation of M. xanthus chemotaxis behaviors and activates the Frz pathway by allowing the formation and distribution of multiple chemosensory clusters on the nucleoid. These results, together, show that the lack of the CheA-interacting region in FrzB confers new functions to this small protein.AUTHOR SUMMARYChemosensory systems are signaling complexes that are widespread in bacteria and allow the modulation of different cellular functions, such as taxis and development, in response to the environment. We show that the Myxococcus xanthus FrzB is a divergent CheW lacking the region involved in the interaction with the histidine kinase FrzE. Instead, it acts upstream of FrzCD to allow the formation of multiple distributed Frz chemosensory arrays at the nucleoid. The loss of the CheA-interacting region in FrzB might have been selected to confer plasticity to nucleoid-associated chemosensory systems. By unraveling a new accessory protein and its function, this work opens new insights into the knowledge of the regulatory potentials of bacterial chemosensory systems.

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