PROGRESSES ON THE NATURE AND BIOTIC STRESS OF POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Aynur BİLMEZ ÖZÇINAR
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Tuber Crop ◽  
Breeding And Genetics ◽  
Potato Famine ◽  
Potential Area ◽  
Irish Potato Famine

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third largest crop in terms of consumption by human, most important tuber crop in the world and a vital plant for global food security. Instead, potato breeding is slow compared to other crops. Transforming potato into a diploid F1 hybrid crop is a hopeful method to increase potato genetic gain. Studies on breeding and genetics of potato has big potential to solve many problems exist in potato. Another potential area for these studies are diseases which are seriously targeting this crop worlwide started from Irish potato famine which effected whole Europe continent. Here in this review, some of latest significant problems and approaches related to potato production are given below.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of the Application of Urban Waste Compost and Other Organic Amendments on Solanum tuberosum L.

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1575
Author(s):  
María Antonieta Escobedo-Monge ◽  
Santiago Aparicio ◽  
Marlene Fabiola Escobedo-Monge ◽  
José Manuel Marugán-Miguelsanz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Urban Waste

Background: In a Mediterranean agrosystem of low productivity, a study was carried out on the effects of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) compared to other organic and inorganic amendments on the production, quality and yield of three potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) and an advanced clone. Method: Simultaneously, the agronomic and nutritional parameters of the potato crop, the degree of bioavailability and the possible risks of heavy metal contamination were studied. Results: Two stages are observed in the yield and content of macro, micronutrients and heavy metals. The addition of all amendments and especially that of urban waste compost increased potato production and the content of macronutrients, micronutrients and heavy metals in the soils of all varieties, showing a progressive accumulation in tubers. Nevertheless, the performance is not maintained over time with a notable decrease during the second stage of its application. Conclusion: Highlighting the potato clone A7677 not only in its performance but also in the concentration of iron, zinc, copper, essential micronutrients for human consumption and especially for populations deficient in these trace elements.

scholarly journals Obtaining of transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar IPB CP3 containing LYZ‐C gene resistant to bacterial wilt disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Pasmawati Pasmawati ◽  
Aris Tjahjoleksono ◽  
Suharsono Suharsono
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Transgenic Potato ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most important bacterial diseases in potato production. This study aimed to obtain the transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar IPB CP3, containing LYZ‐C gene encoding for lysozyme type C, resistant to bacterial disease caused by R. solanacearum. Genetic transformation using Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 to 124 internode explants resulted in the transformation efficiency of about 47.58% with a regeneration efficiency of approximately 30.51%. Gene integration analysis showed that 16 clones were confirmed as transgenic clones containing the LYZ‐C gene. Analysis of resistance to R. solanacearum of three transgenic clones showed that all three transgenic clones were more resistant than a non‐transgenic one. This result showed that the LYZ‐C gene integrated in the genome of transgenic potato increased the resistance of potato plants to R. solanacearum. We obtained two transgenic clones considered resistant to bacterial wilt disease.

scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation Management on Chipping Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Production in the Upper Midwest of the U.S.

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 768
Author(s):  
Trevor W. Crosby ◽  
Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Tuber Maturation ◽  
Tuber Bulking ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Chipping Potato ◽  
The U.S

Irrigation is required for profitable commercial potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production. Excessive or deficit soil water availability during the growing season can have adverse effects on tuber yield, quality, and storability. A field study was conducted during the 2018 and 2019 field and storage seasons in Central Wisconsin, a region in the U.S. with a high volume of potato production, to evaluate the impacts of different irrigation rates on three chipping potato varieties, Hodag, Lamoka, and Snowden. The treatments were implemented during the late-tuber bulking and tuber maturation growth stages, and consisted of irrigation at 125%, 100%, 75%, and 50% of crop evapotranspiration (ET). Irrigation before the treatment period was at 100%ET for all plots. With the industry standard irrigation practice being at 100%ET, other treatments were designated as over-irrigation or deficit irrigation. The impact of these watering rates on tuber yield and quality was evaluated at harvest, and tuber storage quality was assessed by measuring chip fry color and sugar concentrations at 0, 4, and 8 months of storage. It was found that compared to the standard practice, the over-irrigation treatment at 125%ET when tubers reached late bulking resulted in no significant increase in total yield, marketable yield, tuber quality at harvest and during storage, as well as reduced irrigation efficiency (IE) and water-use efficiency (WUE). This treatment also increased nitrate leaching potential in both years. In comparison, deficit irrigation at 75%ET or even 50%ET during the late season had no impact on tuber growth, could increase IE and WUE in one of the two years, and showed reduced drainage. In both years, irrigation rate had no significant effects on hollow heart incidence, tuber specific gravity at harvest, and fry quality during the 8-month storage period. This study suggested that over-irrigation was not beneficial for potato production in Central Wisconsin of the U.S., and deficit irrigation during late tuber bulking and tuber maturation stages could potentially result in more sustainable water use while not penalizing tuber yield, quality and storability of chipping potatoes.

scholarly journals A review on yield response to nitrogen, potassium and manure applications in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Hillary M.O. Otieno ◽  
Edna K. Mageto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Available Information

Potato productivity has stagnated and remained low due to, among other causes, increasing soil infertility and poor nutrient management strategies. To avert this situation, it is essential to have a better understanding of potato response to nitrogen and potassium nutrients. Like other crops, potatoes require an adequate and balanced supply of nutrients for better growth and tuber yields. To achieve that, it is essential to conduct an extensive soil analyses for the entire farm. However, this process is expensive for most resource-constrained farmers. Moreover, the current recommendations used in the region are generic and focuses more on nitrogen than potassium. Hence, there is a need to focus on readily and freely available information for enhanced decision making. The assumption that the soils in the region are fertile and can supply adequate potassium is no longer valid, and now necessitates more actions such as adopting integrated soil fertility and precise application of nutrients within the 4R principles. All these aspects are well covered in this article. We believe the information presented in this manuscript is valuable and give a better foundation for future research and recommendations in potato production.

The Role of Crop Protection in Sustainable Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Production to Alleviate Global Starvation Problem: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijjani Ahmadu ◽  
Adamu Abdullahi ◽  
Khairulmazmi Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Pests And Diseases

Among food crops in terms of consumption, potato ranks fourth, most important and valuable crop worldwide in terms of production and area harvested after maize, wheat and rice. In the coming years, potato production must keep pace with global population expansion nutritiously and sustainably which can partially be achieved by reducing the yield losses caused by the destructive pest and disease activities to the crop. The challenge of 70–80% total microbial crop yield loss posed by pathogens must be addressed for sustainable potato production in order to properly alleviate the global starvation problem. Potato as a food security crop can help to achieve the four food security requirements: food availability, quality, accessibility and stability. Health benefits of potato have shown the presence of phytochemicals as well as resistant starch which serve as anticancer and antidiabetic. The role of potato in the global food security should not be over emphasized, hence in this chapter we want to give an overview on the global hunger and food security at present, and the role played by potato as a food security crop. In addition, potato yield losses caused by pests and diseases especially phytopathogens, their etiology and the role of crop protection in sustainable potato production to alleviate global starvation problem will be discussed.

Acetic acid for weed control in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Ivany
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Potato Foliage

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are produced in all Canadian provinces, and interest has increased in the use of non-synthetic chemicals and organic techniques to provide weed control. Acetic acid has been suggested as a chemical that could potentially provide weed control in potato production. We examined glacial acetic acid and Ecoclear (30% acetic acid, 1.0% naptha solvent and 1.0% trimethyl benzene) for effectiveness in controlling weeds in potatoes when applied in a 30-cm-wide band over the potato row as well as their effect on potato yield components in three experiments repeated over 2 yr. The effects of time of application and volume of application were also examined. Glacial acetic acid at 10% concentration did not injure potato foliage, but at 20 and 30% concentration it injured emerged potato foliage. A concentration of 20% acetic acid was needed to provide acceptable weed control levels of lambs-quarters, corn spurry and wild buckwheat. Marketable yield was reduced by 20 and 30% acetic acid to below the standard herbicide treatment. Sequential applications of acetic acid at concentrations of 10, 20 or 30%, applied 7-10 d apart, caused slightly greater injury and yield was 10 to 15% less than in the single application. Ecoclear applied to emerged weeds and before potato emergence did not injure potato foliage, but when applied post-emergence it caused severe, but short lived, potato injury. Ecoclear gave greater than 80% control of lambs-quarters, corn spurry and wild radish. Potato marketable yield was comparable with that achieved with a herbicide and was reduced only in one year by Ecoclear applied post-emergence. Weed control was 18% or less when Ecoclear was applied at 200 L ha-1, 54 to 74% when applied at 400 L ha-1 and 91 to 95% when applied at 800 L ha-1 volume of application. Key words: Potato, acetic acid, EcoClear, weed control, application time, application volume

scholarly journals Uji Daya Hasil Klon Harapan Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) IPB di Kabupaten Garut Jawa Barat

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Dicky Hasian Zulkarnain ◽  
Awang Maharijaya ◽  
Muhamad Syukur
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Chips ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
National Potato ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
High Production ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) highly consumed in the form of vegetable and processed potato so that the needs of potatoes have not been fulfilled by domestic production. One effort to increase national potato production is to assemble high-yield varieties of potato. This study aimed to test the production of several IPB potato promising clones. This research was conducted in Garut, West Java in May to August 2016. This research used Completely Randomized Design with clone as the factor and repetition as many as three replications as the group. The planting material used was IPB Potato promising clones which consisted of PKHT 2, PKHT 4, PKHT 6, PKHT 9, and PKHT 10 and Granola and Atlantik as the comparison. The results showed that PKHT 4, PKHT 6, PKHT 9, and PKHT 10 are IPB potato promising clones that have high production equivalent to Granola and higher than Atlantik as commercial varieties. Based on physical criteria PKHT 4 and PKHT 6 suitable to be processed potato chips and PKHT 9 and PKHT 10 suitable to be vegetable potato.Keywords: atlantic, granola, potato as vegetable, processed potato

scholarly journals Investigation of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Salt Tolerance and Callus Induction in vitro

2005 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Pál Pepó ◽  
Szilárd Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Callus Initiation ◽  
Selection Of

Potato production plays an important role in Hungary and the other countries of Europe. Consumption of potato products has increased to a large extent during the past several years. We can satisfy market demands with high quality and virus-free varieties.Results of potato production depend on tolerance/resistance to abiotic stresses. In many cases, increased concentration of NaCl causes yield loss. Selection of salt tolerant varieties proved to be a difficult problem. Nowadays, the salt tolerance of potato varieties can be determined by cell/tissue/ protoplast techniques. Somaclonal variation provides a great potential for selection of lines resistant to salt stress. In vitro shoots and callus, derived plantlets selected for salt tolerance/resistance provide material for micropropagation.In vitro shoot development of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Kuroda) was investigated under salt stress (40 mM, 80 mM, 120 mM NaCl) conditions. Shoot heights of plantlets cultured under salt conditions were lower than the control through the investigation. However, the shoot development of plantlets originated from in vitro meristems was almost at the same level as the control under 40 mM NaCl concentration.There was no significant difference in the in vitro biomass production between control and treatment with 40 mM NaCl concentration. We measured a significant decrease in dry-matter mass under 120 mM NaCl concentration. There is a need for more investigation of different genotypes and for a conclusion as to whether in vitro tolerance could occur under in vivo circumstances in plants originated from somaclones as well.Under in vitro conditions, we investigated shoot and leaf callus initiation using different culture media with different 2,4-D concentrations. Under dark conditions, callus induction of shoot/leaf decreased as the 2,4-D concentrations increased.In light conditions, there was a little callus induction, while callus initiation from the shoot from 5 μM to 12 μM 2,4-D concentration showed a significant increase

scholarly journals Keragaman Genetik Beberapa Varietas Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) Berdasarkan Penanda Random Amplified Polimorphic DNA (RAPD) (Genetic Diversity of Several Varieties of Potato (Solanumtuberosum L) Based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD))

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yefta B Kawengian ◽  
Edy Lengkong ◽  
Jeany Mandang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Coding Regions

Abstrak Pengembangan tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.)  unggul untuk menunjang kebutuhan produksi kentang yang terus meningkat membutuhkan tersedianya informasi genetik tanaman kentang yang ada. Informasi keragaman genetik dapat diperoleh menggunakan penanda molekuler RAPD yang dapat mendeteksi keragaman sampai pada tingkat DNA, baik pada daerah penyandi atau bukan penyandi protein dengan cara mendeteksi polimorfik sekuens nukleotida. Informasi yang diperoleh akurat karena tidak dipengaruhi lingkungan.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keragaman genetik dari kentang kultivar Superjhon, Atlantik, Dessire, Nadia dan Granola menggunakan penanda RAPD.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 14 primer acak yang digunakan hanya 7 yang memberikan pola pita DNA yang polimorfik dan 16 pita dari total 28 pita DNA yang dihasilkan (57 %)  merupakan pita DNA polimorfik. Rata-rata keragaman genetik kentang sebesar 26,8 %. Keragaman genetik terkecil (15,4 %) adalah antara kentang  Atlantic dan Superjhon, sedangkan keragaman terbesar (57,7 %) antara kentang Nadia dan Dessire. Hasil analisis pengelompokan menunjukkan tanaman mengelompok berdasarkan sifat/karakter dan asalnya. Kata kunci: kentang, keragaman genetik, RAPD Abstract The information of potato genetic diversity are required to support the increasing potato demands in the superior potato production. The information of genetic diversity can be obtained using RAPD molecular marker. RAPD can detect the genetic diversity at the DNA level, both in the coding region and non-protein-coding regions by detecting polymorphic sequences in nucleotides. This method provide accurate genetic information because it is not influenced by the environment. This study was conducted to analyze the genetic diversity of potato Superjhon, Atlantic, Dessire, Nadia and Granola using RAPD marker. Amongst the 14 random primers, only 7 primers produced polymorphic banding pattern. Sixteen DNA bands of total 28 existed DNA bands (57%) were polymorphic. The average of genetic diversity was 26.8 %. The smallest genetic diversity (15.4%) was between Atlantic and Superjhon, whereas the greatest genetic diversity (57.7%) was between Nadia and Dessire. The analysis results showed that potato clustered grouping was based on their characters and their origins. Keywords: genetic diversity, potatoes, RAPD

scholarly journals Effect of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens culture on the growth and yield of off-season potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Faik Kantar ◽  
Aysel Uysal
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Bacterial Strains

A study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of microbial fertilizer application on off-season potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Universia) under field conditions in early spring and late autumn in 2016.  The experiment included Control (C, no application), Standard Fertilizer Application (SFA), Microbial Fertilizer Application (MFA) and SFA+MFA  treatments.  An equal mixture of three strains of Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-10641(DSM 24613), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens VKPM B-10642 (DSM 24614) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens В-10643 (DSM 24615) was applied at 1x109 cfu/ml to tubers before planting and to plants at flowering stage in MFA and SFA+MFA plots.  Treatments affected the plant growth parameters.  SFA plots produced the highest tuber yields in both seasons.  MFA plots had earlier emergence time (40 days), higher number of stems per plant (3), higher number of leaves per plant (37.2), thicker stem diameter (10.15 mm), higher above ground biomass yields (5.42 t/ha), higher single tuber weight (104.21 g) and higher tuber yields (22.06 t/ha) compared with control plots (42 days, 2.2, 31.2, 9.15 mm, 4.40 t/ha, 90.88 g and 20.14 t/ha respectively).  Tuber yield  in MFA plots (26.56 t/ha) was equal to SFA plots (26.81 t/ha) in warmer autumn planting. Combination of SFA and MFA produced lower tuber yields (21.72 t/ha) than SFA treatment (26.81 t/ha).  In conclusion, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens gave comparable tuber yields to chemical fertilizer application in warmer autumn plantings, but lower tuber yields in colder spring conditions warranting further experiments with  cold tolerant psychrophilic bacterial strains for off-season potato production.

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