Progression of a 2nd type diabetes mellitus model on mice with usage of a calorie diet

Type 2 diabetes accounts for up to 90% of all diabetes cases. It is known that people with type 2 diabetes are often obese. Long-term complications also include problems with the cardiovascular, nervous and urinary systems. The model of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on a diet rich of fat and carbohydrates was used in the work. We observed a significant increase in the body weight of mice and sugar levels in their blood. Morphometric analysis of the pancreas showed an increase of its mass coefficient. Tactile sensitivity measurement showed an increase in its threshold. The developed model is quite suitable for analyzing the diabetes progression and its side effects on the body. Key words: diabetes mellitus type 2, obesity, pancreas, tactile sensitivity.

Indicators of hemostasis in non-alcoholic liver steatosis (experimental and clinical study)

Aim. Assessment of the morphological changes of the liver on the model of non-alcoholic steatosis in laboratory animals and hemostasis parameters in animals and patients with steatosis. Materials and methods. The experimental part of the study was conducted on 18 white rats divided into 2 groups: control (intact animals) and “Steatosis” (animals with liver steatosis modeled in laboratory conditions). The clinical part was performed on 52 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (the clinical form is non-alcoholic liver steatosis), with an average age of 43.0 ± 11.1 years and a body mass index of 37.2 ± 2.6. The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy individuals. At the end of the experiment, on the 30th day, the animals were removed from the experiment, direct blood sampling was performed from the right atrium, the liver mass and mass coefficient were determined, and a histological examination of the liver was performed. Laboratory tests included the determination of the following indicators of hemostasis in blood plasma: activity of the von Willebrand factor, platelet aggregation with ADP, collagen and ristocetin; prothrombin time, Quick prothrombin, international normalized ratio, thrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen and Hageman-dependent fibrinolysis. Results. In the experiment, the mass coefficient of the liver was significantly higher in the “Steatosis” group compared to the control group (3.75 (3.38-3.99) and 3.5 (3.3-3.6), respectively) (p = 0.009). Structural reorganization of the liver confirms the development of steatosis in animals. In animals with steatosis, a change in indicators reflecting the activity of the plasma link according to the external mechanism of coagulation was found: an elongation of the prothrombin time (p = 0.034), a decrease in the prothrombin index according to Quick (p = 0.018), an increase in INR (p = 0.027). APTT and thrombin time in animals with steatosis are higher than in the control, but these changes are not statistically significant (p = 0.181 and p = 0.364, respectively). The concentration of fibrinogen, Hageman-dependent fibrinolysis, platelet aggregation with ADP and the activity of the von Willebrand factor did not have statistically significant differences when comparing the two groups. In patients with steatosis, the number of platelets did not significantly differ from the control (p = 0.082). However, there was a decrease in aggregation with collagen (p = 0.002) and with ADP (p = 0.02). Platelet aggregation with ristocetin and the activity of the von Willebrand factor was higher than in the control (p = 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively). In patients with steatosis, there was an extension of the APTT and an increase in the concentration of fibrinogen in comparison with the control, but these indicators did not go beyond the reference values of the set. The thrombin time was significantly prolonged in patients with steatosis in comparison with practically healthy individuals (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is accompanied by a violation of the functioning of both vascular-platelet and coagulation hemostasis. There is a violation of the aggregation properties of platelets, signs of endothelial damage, hepatic coagulopathy.

Experimental evaluation of the influence of isobornylphenols on the development of BPH and the redox potential of prostate cells

Introduction. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common urological disorder in older men. It is characterized by the development of glandularstromal hyperplasia of the prostate with the formation of new glandular structures and subsequent symptoms from the lower urinary tract. It has now been established that the pathogenesis of this disease is multifactorial and one of the possible mechanisms for the development of BPH is oxidative stress. Purpose. Study of the effect of phenols with a bulky isobornyl substituent (2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol and 4-hydroxymethyl-2,6-diisobornylphenol)on the growth of experimental BPH and the antioxidant balance of prostate cells in comparison with Prostamol Uno. Materials and мethods. Experiments were carried out on 50 male Wistar rats. BPH was caused by daily administration of sulpiride (60 days) to male rats of late reproductive age. After 2 months, the animals were weighed and sacrificed in a CO2 chamber. The mass, mass coefficient, volume of the lateral lobe of the pancreas were determined, morphological analysis was performed. Investigated prooxidant and antioxidant activity. The results were processed by the method of variation statistics using the Mann-Whitney nonparametric U test. Results. The efficacy of the investigated drugs in BPH decreased in the following sequence: sulpiride + substance 4-hydroxymethyl-2,6-diisobornylphenol (HDB) → sulpiride + substance Dibornol (DB) → sulpiride + Prostamol Uno (PU). When comparing the results of evaluating the anti-prooxidant status with the therapeutic effect of the studied drugs, it was found that isobornylphenols, which are highly effective as prostatotropic drugs, did not show a more significant effect, compared to PU, on the redox potential of prostatic tissue cells. Conclusions. Drugs DB, HDB, PU have a normalizing effect on the level of severity of redox reactions in the sulpiride model of BPH.

Combining CFD, ASE, and HEKF approaches to derive all of the hydrodynamic coefficients of an axisymmetric AUV

In this proposed method, which is based on combination of the nonlinear Hybrid Extended Kalman Filter (HEKF) observer, Analytical and Semi-Empirical (ASE) formulas, and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, all of the hydrodynamic coefficients of a REMUS AUV are estimated to simulate its motions in 6 Degrees of Freedom (6-DoF). First, Using ASE formulas along with necessary static simulations of the AUV using commercial CFD code of ANSYS CFX software, some hydrodynamic derivatives like drag, lift, and fin coefficients are obtained. Then, utilizing the dynamic simulation of the Straight-Line Test (SLT), the longitudinal added mass coefficient is derived. Finally, benefiting from the HEKF code based on the parameter identification, other unknown coefficients like added mass and damping are estimated in the MATLAB software environment. In HEKF, positions and velocities of the vehicle, which are the system output vector, are obtained from a 6-DoF dynamic maneuver in CFX. It is worth mentioning that, in the present study, the remeshing algorithm in the dynamic mesh approach is used to simulate the dynamic maneuvers of the vehicle. Results, obtained from the proposed combined method, indicate a good agreement for estimated coefficients in comparison with the available analytical and experimental values.

A comparative study of the hepatotrophic properties of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Topicality. Recently, more and more works on the hepatotoxicity of NSAIDs have appeared in the literature. Presumably, all NSAIDs have hepatotoxicity, but the degree of adverse effects on the liver in different drugs is variable. Aim. To study the effect of different generations of NSAIDs on the functional state of the liver of the experimental animals. Materials and methods. Diclofenac sodium, piroxicam, indomethacin, meloxicam and celecocosib were selected for the comparative study. Changes in the functional state of the liver of intact rats during subchronic administration of the drugs selected, as well as their impact on the course of the model hepatitis were determined. The state of the liver was determined by the following indicators: the mass coefficient of the liver, the activity of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, the content of total protein, urea, cholesterol in the blood serum, the level of TBA-active products, diene conjugates, reduced glutathione, catalase and glycogen in the liver homogenate. Results and discussion. It was found that diclofenac, piroxicam, indomethacin in the doses of ED50 by the antiexudative activity when used for 14 days adversely affected the liver of intact animals, as well as worsened the course of the model hepatitis, i.e. had a pronounced hepatotoxic effect. Meloxicam and celecoxib did not show a pronounced adverse effect in the carbon tetrachloride hepatitis, but contributed to the deterioration of the functional state of the liver of intact rats, i.e. had a moderate hepatotoxic effect. Conclusions. By the level of hepatotoxicity the drugs studied can be arranged as follows: diclofenac > indomethacin > piroxicam > meloxicam > celecoxib.

Avaliações de Funções de Pedotransferência para Solos Brasileiros

Pedotransfer Functions (FPT) are mathematical models that estimate difficult-to-measure soil properties through more accessible variables, generating optimization of time and financial resources. In this study, six Pedotransfer Functions, based on the equation of Van Genuchten, analyzed for the prediction of volumetric moisture of Brazilian soils, with data from the global database Soil Data Task. Applied for pressures of 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.10, 0.20, 0.50, 2.50 and 15.0 bar, the resulting values of the equations were compared with the measured volumetric moistures through five statistical parameters: confidence index, mean square error, deviation ratio, modeling efficiency and residual mass coefficient. Of the functions studied it was possible to verify that the FPT proposed by Barros, with 4 parameters, was the one that presented the best results, while that of Rawls and Brakensied obtained the lowest performance. It has been observed that the efficiency of a FPT is related to two factors: a) similarity between the pedological data of the soil studied and those used in the development of the FPT, and b) the amount of variables analyzed.

Comparison between evapotranspiration estimation models for Macapá, Amapá

The aim of the study was to evaluate evapotranspiration (ET) estimation models for the municipality of Macapá, AP. The models studied were Hargreaves-Samani (HS), Turc, Camargo (CM), Jensen-Haise (JH) and Solar Radiation (RS). The ET estimated by the models were compared with those obtained by the standard Penman-Monteith method. Statistical tests of Willmot's Concordance index (d), Correlation Coefficient (r), Performance coefficient (c), Mean Absolute Error (EAM), Mean Square Error and Residual Mass Coefficient (CMR) were performed. With the results of "c" only HS, in August (c = 0.71; "good") and December (c = 0.73; "good") presented a performance considered good. JH had the worst result, between 0.05 and 0.22, considered terrible. In relation to “d”, HS also had a better result, with 0.79 and 0.83 in August and December. The worst was JH, with a minimum value of 0.09 for May. For CMR, CM, JH and RS overestimated ET. TC, on the other hand, presented both underestimation and overestimation. HS overestimated from January to July and underestimated in the other months. For EAM, the models tended to overestimate ET. For MSE, HS presented the lowest values. JH was the one with the worst results, above 4. And the coefficient of determination showed a small dispersion of data, with R2 above 0.90 for HS, TC, JH and RS. Based on what was exposed, HS was the method that presented the best responses, followed by CT and RS. And JH was the one with the highest overestimation rate.

Global Evolution of the U(1) Higgs Boson: Nonlinear Stability and Uniform Energy Bounds

Relying on the hyperboloidal foliation method, we establish the nonlinear stability of the ground state of the U(1) standard model of electroweak interactions. This amounts to establishing a global-in-time theory for the initial value problem for a nonlinear wave–Klein–Gordon system that couples (Dirac, scalar, gauge) massive equations together. In particular, we investigate here the Dirac equation and study a new energy functional defined with respect to the hyperboloidal foliation of Minkowski spacetime. We provide a decay result for the Dirac equation which is uniform in the mass coefficient and thus allows for the Dirac mass coefficient to be arbitrarily small. Furthermore, we establish energy bounds for the Higgs fields and gauge bosons that are uniform with respect to the hyperboloidal time variable.

COEFICIENTES DE ANGSTRÖM-PRESCOTT PARA ESTIMAR A RADIAÇÃO SOLAR GLOBAL EM CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES, RJ

COEFICIENTES DE ANGSTRÖM-PRESCOTT PARA ESTIMAR A RADIAÇÃO SOLAR GLOBAL EM CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES, RJ JOSÉ CARLOS MENDONÇA¹; ANDRE DALLA BERNARDINA GARCIA² E JONATHAN NOGUEIRA FRANCO³ ¹ Laboratório de Engenharia Agrícola – LEAG, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil. [email protected] ² Laboratório de Engenharia Agrícola – LEAG, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil. [email protected] ³ Laboratório de Engenharia Agrícola – LEAG, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil. [email protected] 1 RESUMO Para reduzir custos com equipamentos utilizados na estimativa da radiação solar, geralmente são realizadas estimativas a partir de um modelo utilizando a irradiância solar, como Angström-Prescott. Esse trabalho teve por objetivo obter os coeficientes, mensais, utilizados na equação de Angström-Prescott para estimativa da Radiação Solar Global no município de Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ. Foram utilizados dados meteorológicos entre os anos de 1998 a 2020 para obtenção dos valores de horas de insolação (n), máximo de horas de insolação diária (N), radiação solar global no topo da atmosfera (Ra) e radiação solar global (Rs) mensalmente estimados. Os resultados foram validados por meio dos índices de concordância (D), erro médio absoluto (MAE), erro máximo (EMAX), eficiência do modelo ou método (EF), índice de desempenho (c) e coeficiente residual de massa (CRM). Para a região de estudo, os coeficientes “a” e “b” encontrados foram 0,0191 e 0,9486, respectivamente, considerando-se os valores anuais. Os índices estatísticos “D” e “c” foram 0,977 e 0,94, respectivamente, sendo classificados como ótimos. A partir dos resultados e obtidos é possível utilizar apenas um heliógrafo para estimar a radiação global com ótima precisão, em cada um dos meses individualmente, para a cidade de Campos dos Goytacazes. Palavras-chave: climatologia, agrometeorologia, modelagem. MENDONÇA, J. C., GARCIA, A. D. B., FRANCO, J. N. MONTHLY ANGSTRÖM-PRESCOTT COEFFICIENTS TO ESTIMATE GLOBAL SOLAR RADIATION IN CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES, RJ 2 ABSTRACT To reduce costs with equipment used to estimate solar radiation, estimates are usually made based on a model that uses solar irradiance, such as Angström-Prescott. This work aimed to obtain monthly coefficients, using the Angström-Prescott equation to estimate Global Solar Radiation in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ. Meteorological data from 1998 to 2020 were used to obtain values ​​of hours of sunshine (n), maximum hours of daily sunshine (N), global solar recording at the top of the atmosphere (Ra) and global solar radiation (Rs) monthly estimated. The results were validated using agreement indexes (D), mean absolute error (MAE), maximum error (EMAX), model or method efficiency (EF), performance index (c) and residual mass coefficient (CRM). For the study region, coefficients "a" and "b" found were 0.0191 and 0.9486, respectively, considering the annual values. The statistical indexes "D" and "c" were 0.977 and 0.94, respectively, and were classified as great. Based on the results, it is possible to use only a heliograph to estimate global radiation with maximum precision, in each month, individually, for the city of Campos dos Goytacazes. Keywords: climatology, agrometeorology, modeling.

Study on Applicability of FEMA Formula in Prediction of Impact Load by Tsunami Drifting Vessels on Coastal Zone Structures

In this study, we consider and evaluate the applicability of the FEMA’s formula which is one of the main simple formulas for calculating impact forces through the comparison with our proposed numerical simulation model. We investigated the situation of collision with a thin structure such as a pillar by numerical experiments based on the particle method, in particular, we focus on the case where the drifting speed is fast in targeting the quay of Shimizu Port, Shizuoka prefecture. We compared the results of numerical experiments obtained by detailed simulations with FEMA’s formula and evaluated the applicable range of FEMA s formula for huge vessels. As results, it was suggested that the overestimation was occurred with FEMA’s formula for large vessel using the inundation height and its velocity. FEMA’s formula calculates the impact force of large vessel on the safe side if the drifting vessel speed is used: the condition of added mass coefficient changes the results, but these indicate the safe side in this study. On the other hand, the results of safety sides are fluctuated depending on the height of the action point of force. Therefore, we confirmed that there is a need to examine the height of the impact point when using FEMA’s formula for large vessels.