Nanoparticle Based Water Treatment Model in Squeezing Channel under Magnetic Field

The process of water treatment by nanoparticles is one of the most considerable subjects in the cross-field of hydrodynamics, chemistry and mathematics. This paper is dedicated to the case of the flows that appear when squeezing and stretching a spongy with a mix of water with nanoparticles and contaminants. It is assumed that fluid is homogeneous at the starting moment, the parameters of the nanoparticles and contaminants are known, and there is a constant non-homogeneous magnetic field applied to the system. The flow starts moving when the walls of the channel shift to each other. Exact and numerical solutions of the system of ordinary differential equations are used to receive the results. The article gives an answer to the question about stability of the flow and proposes the technique to evaluate the essential characteristics of the system to achieve the treatment process efficiency. The main result is that the considered system shows excellent treatment properties during some part of squeezing stage. This effect does not appear without magnetic field.

Fenomena Cyber Religion sebagai Ekspresi Keberagamaan di Internet pada Komunitas Shift (Cyber Religion Phenomenon as a Religious Expression on the Internet in the Shift Community)

This article aims to determine the form of Shift's religious expression and the factor of the Shift community's interest in the context of cyberreligion. The research method is qualitative with the type of phenomenological research. There are 5 research subjects (subscribers) and the research object of the YouTube channel Shift. The interactive model analysis technique of Miles & Huberman from the results of data collection that the authors get. The results showed that the phenomenon of cyberreligion has touched various circles and was used by Ust. Hanan Attaki by establishing a Shift which targets the younger generation in the form of online religion. The use of YouTube as a means of spreading Shift's da'wah is categorized into the File-Sharing category. The study, which is nicely packaged by Ust. Hanan Attaki, has made it loved by the younger generation as an alternative in their religious information.

Havoc

This chapter recounts a dramatic turning point in the Ottoman Empire’s relationship to the Tigris and Euphrates. In the late seventeenth century, a prolonged drought event and a botched canal project triggered an abrupt shift in the Euphrates’ channel southwest of Baghdad. Beset by plague outbreaks and rural uprisings, the Ottoman provincial administration could not mount an effective response to deal with the chaos unleashed by the channel shift. The Ottoman imperial center, on the other hand, was preoccupied with a prolonged war on its western front. An engineering expedition dispatched from Istanbul in late 1701 came too late to restore the Euphrates to its original bed. The Ottoman Empire had to come to terms with the new fluvial landscape.

After the Flood

This chapter documents the long-term consequences of the Euphrates’ channel shift that occurred in the late seventeenth century. The rural order established by the Ottoman administration from the sixteenth century unraveled. The herders’ associations sponsored by the state disintegrated and gave way to assertive tribal confederations that regularly clashed with Ottoman authorities. To restore order, Istanbul empowered the governor of Baghdad Hasan Pasha, who fulfilled his mandate while pursuing his own personal agenda. He established a household that transformed into a provincial dynasty called the Pashalik of Baghdad, in control of the most important positions in the Ottoman provincial government. By the end of the eighteenth century, this trend toward provincial autonomy would place the most critical stretches of the Tigris and Euphrates under the command of Baghdad, which made the most important decisions related to navigation and irrigation.

Gharial nesting in a reservoir is limited by reduced river flow and by increased bank vegetation

The gharial (Gavialis gangeticus Gmelin) is a fish-eating specialist crocodylian, endemic to south Asia, and critically endangered in its few remaining wild localities. A secondary gharial population resides in riverine-reservoir habitat adjacent to the Nepal border, within the Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary (KWS), and nests along a 10 km riverbank of the Girwa River. A natural channel shift in the mainstream Karnali River (upstream in Nepal) has reduced seasonal flow in the Girwa stretch where gharials nest, coincident with a gradual loss of nest sites, which in turn was related to an overall shift to woody vegetation at these sites. To understand how these changes in riparian vegetation on riverbanks were related to gharial nesting, we sampled vegetation at these sites from 2017 to 2019, and derived an Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from LANDSAT 8 satellite data to quantify riverside vegetation from 1988 through 2019. We found that sampled sites transitioned to woody cover, the number of nesting sites declined, and the number of nests were reduced by > 40%. At these sites, after the channel shift, woody vegetation replaced open sites that predominated prior to the channel shift. Our findings indicate that the lack of open riverbanks and the increase in woody vegetation at potential nesting sites threatens the reproductive success of the KWS gharial population. This population persists today in a regulated river ecosystem, and nests in an altered riparian habitat which appears to be increasingly unsuitable for the continued successful recruitment of breeding adults. This second-ranking, critically endangered remnant population may have incurred an "extinction debt" by living in a reservoir that will lead to its eventual extirpation.

Reregistering Media and Remediating a Register

Chapter three continues to analyze how Fassis understood moral literacy through an oral storytelling register of rhymed prose revamped for civic education via television: هدرة الميزان‎ hadra lmizān. From the late 2000s to 2016, a group of Moroccan cultural producers repurposed a rhymed prose form of darīja associated with grandmothers and street performers to convey “modern” Moroccan civic values. Most often this involved promoting equality for women. In doing so, they sought to make a linguistic register, rhymed prose, into a mediator of Moroccanness, shaping viewers’ perceptions of civic engagement through a nostalgic medium primed with equality content. Both Fassis and state media producers calibrated the channel shift as doing the same Moroccanness work: preserving or “revitalizing” a “traditional” form that connected Moroccans morally. And yet they understood it in different ways because of implicit and explicit media ideologies about how to relate to registers in specific mediums. This chapter challenges media professionals’ assumptions that the positive associations with this storytelling register, when linked with “modern” content and values, would be sufficient as a mechanism for shaping morality perspectives of Fassis. Instead, the viewing practices were more important for the register uptake, or lack thereof.