Cluster Design and Optimization of SWIPT-Based MEC Networks with UAV Assistance

In recent years, service isolation and service miniaturization have become very popular. The large services are dismantled into multiple low-cost and simple small services to improve the scalability and disaster tolerance of the entire services. A service network composed of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and MEC servers is proposed in this paper, which aims at decoupling multiple services of the SWIPT-MEC network. In this network, UAVs take charge of energy transmission and calculation task scheduling and MEC servers are focused on task calculation. To meet the resource requirements of the ground nodes (GNs) in the network, we designed a distributed iterative algorithm to solve the resource allocation decision problem of GNs and used the modified expert bat algorithm to complete the UAV’s trajectory planning in a two-dimensional space. The results show that the algorithm can formulate a more fair resource allocation strategy, and its performance is improved by 7% compared with the traditional bat algorithm. In addition, the algorithm in this paper can also adapt to changes in task length and has a certain degree of stability.

Easy Abacus Calculation in Early Childhood to Support Executive Function: An Educational Pilot Case Study of Comparing Brain Activity in the Prefrontal Cortex

The development of executive functions is remarkable in early childhood. Therefore, research on how to support the development of executive functions is actively being conducted. It has already been indicated that executive functions are related to the prefrontal cortex. Recent evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex is involved in mental abacus (MA). Further, the study of the abacus—the base of MA—is good for not only mathematics but also nurturing the brain. However, although the abacus is easy to learn, learning opportunities have shrunk because of the widespread use of calculators. Through this educational pilot case study, I examined whether it is possible that even easy calculations during the introduction of abacus calculation in early childhood may have an effect on executive function support. I measured the activation of cerebral blood flow in the prefrontal cortex of a young child while he worked on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV; Working Memory Index tasks (forward digit-span task, backward digit-span task, and letter–number sequencing task); and the abacus calculation task using HOT-2000 (NeU, Japan), a two-channel wearable functional near-infrared spectroscopy device. The results revealed a significant difference between the abacus calculation task and the forward digit-span task; however, there was no significant difference between the abacus calculation task and other tasks. In other words, the brain in the prefrontal cortex was more activated in the abacus task than in the forward digit-span task. Difficulty levels were found to be in the order of the forward digit-span task, backward digit-span task, and letter–number sequencing task. Thus, there is a possibility that even simple abacus calculation has a positive effect on executive functions, especially working memory support, in early childhood. This study’s results provide a breakthrough in cognitive psychology, educational psychology, neuropsychology, and other fields related to child support, which are struggling to find valuable, practical practices for children in the field (i.e., schools and homes) beyond the laboratory.

Similarity detection of English text and teaching evaluation based on improved TCUSS clustering algorithm

The semantic similarity calculation task of English text has important influence on other fields of natural language processing and has high research value and application prospect. At present, research on the similarity calculation of short texts has achieved good results, but the research result on long text sets is still poor. This paper proposes a similarity calculation method that combines planar features with structured features and uses support vector regression models. Moreover, this paper uses PST and PDT to represent the syntax, semantics and other information of the text. In addition, through the two structural features suitable for text similarity calculation, this paper proposes a similarity calculation method combining structural features with Tree-LSTM model. Experiments show that this method provides a new idea for interest network extraction.

The contribution of attentional processes to calculation skills in second and third grade in a typically developing sample

Attention is an important, multifaceted cognitive domain that includes many key cognitive processes involved in learning. This study aimed to identify the predictive links between different components of attentional skills and core calculation skills development, using two standardized measures assessing calculation (AC-MT 6–11) and attention skills (CAS) in a sample of 143 typically developing children of age range from 7.6 years to 9.4 years. The results showed that in 2nd grade, selective visuo-spatial attention emerged as an important predictor in the written calculation task, while the ability to inhibit distracting information seemed to better predict accuracy in oral calculation. In 3rd grade, visuo-spatial components of attention emerged as no longer predictive, whereas planning and active visuo-spatial attention abilities emerged as predictive of accuracy in the oral calculation task. These results confirm previous findings about the contribution that attentional skills may have in calculation skills development, supporting evidence for progressive automation attentional components over time.

The Function of the Hippocampus in Bridging Functional and Temporal Discontiguity

Theoretical assessment of the function of the hippocampus has suggested that given certain physiological constraints at both the neuronal and cortical level, the hippocampus is best suited to associate discontiguous items that occur in different temporal or spatial positions. Conceptually, “discontiguous” refers to events that are to be associated with one another but do not temporally or spatially overlap. However, given that humans can actively maintain information “online” by rehearsing it, even when the information is no longer being presented to the sensory system, the right way to experimentally define “discontiguity” is still a question. Does it refer to a “gap” in the presentation of information (temporal discontiguity) or to an “interruption” of the active maintenance of working memory (WM) information (functional discontiguity)? To assess this, participants were imaged by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) when making judgments on whether two words were semantically related or not. In contrast with recognition memory that can be carried out through perceptual familiarity heuristics, judgments on semantic relatedness can only be accomplished through associative processing. To assess this experimentally, two words are either (1) presented at the same time (Event AB) or (2) one after the other with an unfilled, cross-viewing delay (Event A_B) (the uninterrupted discontiguity) or (3) presented one after the other, between which participants are required to perform a calculation task (Event A#B) (the interrupted discontiguity). Results of event-related fMRI analysis revealed that relative to Event AB, Event A_B was not associated with more hippocampal activity, whereas Event A#B was. The direct contrast of Event A#B relative to Event A_B also revealed significant hippocampal and parahippocampal activity. This result implied that functional discontiguity (the interruption of online maintenance of the inputted information) could be more apt at engaging the function of the hippocampus.

Automatic Predicting Torsional Vibrations on Main Propulsion Plants, Installed Two-Stroke Diesel Engines: Algorithms and Software

The main propulsion plant (MPP) on marine sea-going ships consisting of a diesel engine as the main engine and driving the ship propeller is with the torsional vibrations to be calculated in accordance with the Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships. The Rules are given by one of maritime registers in the world that are the members of IACS, such as Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RMR), DNV, ABS, at el. The TV calculation (TVC) on the MPP usually is certainly a monumental calculation task and is conducted with special software for TVC. Nowadays, in accordance with the Rules, almost modern software products for TVC have the abilities to calculate the TVs at normal working regimes and at misfire regimes (called by Normal or Misfire regimes relatively) with only one of cylinders of marine diesel engine (MDE) while engine speed range covers from the minimum to maximum values of the operation speeds. The paper presents improved algorithms and software for automatic calculating the TVs (SATVC) at the Normal and the Misfire regimes, in which the misfiring processes appear not only in one cylinder, but also in two of the MDE cylinders together. The SATVC was based on the made mathematical models, algorithms and coded in LabView by authors. The SATVC consists of modules for automatic calculation of freedom TVs (FTVs), excited torsional moments (ETM), excited TVs (ETVs), permitted torsional pressures (PTP), and common management (CTVC). TVC at every working regime of MDE was automatically conducted in the following procedure: Configuration of the MPP for TVC; Calculation of FTVs; Calculation of ETM; Calculation of ETVs); Calculation of ETVs, and solution of the TVC in considered working regime. The working regime of MDE was modeled by a vector of firing coefficients (VFC) of every MDE cylinder.

The quandary of diagnosing mathematical difficulties in a generally low performing population

Brazilian students’ mathematical achievement was repeatedly observed to fall below average levels ofmathematical attainment in international comparison studies such as PISA. In this article, we argue thatthis general low level of mathematical attainment interferes with the diagnosis of developmentaldyscalculia when the psychometric criterion is used: establishing of an arbitrary cut-off (e.g., performance< percentile 10) may lead to misleading diagnoses. Therefore, the present study set off to evaluate theperformance of Brazilian school children on basic arithmetic operations. Seven hundred and six childrenfrom 3rd to 5th grades completed a calculation task assessing arithmetic fluency in addition, subtraction,and multiplication. In line with PISA results, children presented difficulties in all arithmetic operationsinvestigated. Children performed better in addition than subtraction and multiplication, and 3rd and 4thgraders were outperformed by 5th graders in all three operations. However, even after five years offormal schooling, less than half of 5th graders performed perfectly on simple addition, subtraction, andmultiplication problems. Therefore, these data substantiate the argument that the sole use of apsychometric criterion might not be sensible to diagnose dyscalculia in the context of a generally lowperforming population, such as Brazilian primary school children. When the majority of children failthe task, it is hard to distinguish atypical from typical numerical development. As such, other diagnosticapproaches, such as Response to Intervention, might be more suitable in such a context.

Mandibular prognathism attenuates brain blood flow induced by chewing

Mastication is closely related to brain function. Animal experiments have revealed that tooth loss has a negative influence on brain function. Clinical studies also suggest that normal occlusion is an essential factor for favorable brain function. Mandibular prognathism (MP) usually results in occlusal dysfunction. However, the relationship between MP and brain function remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the relationship between MP and brain function by measuring brain blood flow (BBF). Seventeen subjects with normal occlusion (NORM) and 25 patients with MP participated in this study. The number of occlusal contacts were counted. Electromyography of the masseter muscles during clenching was also recorded. BBF was measured with non-invasive functional near-infrared spectroscopy during calculation task and chewing task. The number of the occlusal contacts and masseter muscle activity were lower in MP compared with NORM. The calculation task increased BBF in both groups. The chewing task also increased BBF in the inferior frontal gyrus in both groups, although the increase in MP was smaller than in NORM. We discovered that patients with MP exhibited a smaller increase in BBF at the inferior frontal gyrus during chewing as compared with NORM. As such, MP would negatively affect brain function.

Critical Assessment of Phases of Partitioning and Offloading Tasks in Edge Computing

Edge computing defeats high correspondence defer weakness of customary distributed computing and furnishes figuring administrations with high unwavering quality and high transfer speed for cell phones. At present, edge processing has turned into the front line and hotspot of versatile edge distributed computing (MEC) look into. In any case, with the expanding prerequisites and administrations of versatile clients, offloading procedure of straightforward edge registering is never again relevant to MEC design. This paper advances another astute calculation offloading based MEC design in blend with man-made brainpower (AI) innovation. As indicated by the information size in calculation undertaking of portable clients and the exhibition highlights of edge figuring hubs, a calculation offloading and task relocation calculation dependent on errand expectation is proposed. The calculation task expectation dependent on LSTM calculation, calculation offloading procedure for cell phone dependent on errand forecast, and undertaking relocation for edge cloud planning plan are utilized to help with upgrading the edge processing offloading model.

Arithmetic Skill May Refine the Performance of Individuals with High Math Anxiety, Especially in the Calculation Task: An ERP Study

As a global phenomenon, the theme of math anxiety has received increasing attention. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between math anxiety and performance and determine the role of arithmetic skill in two different tasks. Fifty-seven college freshmen were recruited to perform a comparison task and a calculation task. Only main effect of arithmetic skill was found on the behavioral level. In the comparison task, participants with high math anxiety (HMA) showed faster latencies and greater amplitudes of N1 and longer P3b latency relative to their counterparts with low math anxiety (LMA). Number, as a negative stimulus, occupied attentional resources and delayed the speed of cognitive processing for individuals with HMA. Furthermore, among those with HMA, individuals with high arithmetic skill showed larger amplitudes and shorter latencies of P2 compared with those with low airthmetic skill in the calculation task. Thus, arithmetic skill could refine the performance efficiency of individuals with HMA, especially in the calculation task. These results suggest that educational interventions emphasizing control of negative emotional responses to math stimuli will be more effective when considering different populations of mathematically competent individuals.