scholarly journals How Forest Subsidies Impact Household Income: The Case from China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Feng Han ◽  
Yaru Chen
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Operating Income ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Transfer Income ◽  
Enhance Efficiency ◽  
Forestry Production ◽  
Farmer Income ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: It is of great significance to evaluate the impact of forestry subsidies on the income of forest farmers to improve policy and enhance efficiency. (2) Methods: Based on the static panel data of household tracking surveys from 2014 to 2018 in Sichuan, Liaoning, and Zhejiang provinces in China, the impacts of forestry subsidies on forest farmer income and impact paths were systematically verified via parameter estimation with the Fixed-Effect model. (3) Results: Forestry subsidies significantly increased forest farmer income. The impact paths could be summarized as follows: First, from the perspective of operating income, forestry subsidies effectively motivated forestry production and promoted the expenditure on forestry production, and thus increased forest farmer operating income. Second, from the perspective of wage income, forestry subsidy policies played a negative role in releasing the forest farmer labor force for off-farm employment. Third, from the perspective of transfer income as a kind of transferred governmental financial subsidy, forestry subsidies covered a large proportion of transfer income for forest farmers. (4) Conclusions: Forestry subsidies could directly increase the transfer income, effectively improve the forestry production capacity, and increase the income of forest farmers. However, forestry subsidies could also bind forest farmers to forestry production to a certain extent, which was not conducive to the liberation of the labor force.

scholarly journals Studi Empiris Government Effectiveness dan Trade Openness terhadap Perdagangan Internasional

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Risa S. Pertiwi, S. Herianingrum, Muhammad. U. A. Mustofa, M. Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Total Labor Force ◽  
Total Labor ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to examine the impact of macroeconomic factors such as Inflation, Exchange Rates, Total Labor Force, Technology, Worldwide Government and Trade Openness on International Trade in 10 Islamic countries as the main actors of international trade Intra-OKI from 2005 to 2018. Quantitative research This applies the Panel Data Regression method to the Fixed Effect Model. Research analysis techniques use the EViews 10. software program. Empirical results show that inflation and total labor force, government effectiveness and trade openness have a significant positive effect to Intra-OKI international trade. This means that the better the quality of worldwide government and trade openness in a country will increase the country's international trade activities. In addition, exchange rates and technology do not have a significant effect in Intra-OKI international trade.

scholarly journals Empirical Analysis on the Impact of Poverty Alleviation by Rural E-commerce on Farmers' Income

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zhen Qin ◽  
Yan Ni ◽  
Fenxiao Zhu ◽  
Junhui Han
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Operating Income ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

According to the data of 200 valid questionnaires collected in 11 poor villages of 7 townships, 5 counties in Zhumadian region, this paper use the Difference-in-differences(DID) model to calculate the change difference of the per capita net income, per capita agricultural operating net income, and per capita non-agricultural net income between the farmers who have participated or so. After that, this paper used the fixed effect model to analyze the effect of other control variables on the farmers’ income. The research results are as follows: The rural E-commerce poverty alleviation policy has a significant positive impact on per capita net income, per capita net agricultural operating income, and per capita non-agricultural net income of farmers, and the income structure of the farmers’ family can be changed in the short term through poverty alleviation.

Implications of higher retirement age for the labor market

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivanova ◽  
A. Balaev ◽  
E. Gurvich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Demographic Projections ◽  
The Impact

The paper considers the impact of the increase in retirement age on labor supply and economic growth. Combining own estimates of labor participation and demographic projections by the Rosstat, the authors predict marked fall in the labor force (by 5.6 million persons over 2016-2030). Labor demand is also going down but to a lesser degree. If vigorous measures are not implemented, the labor force shortage will reach 6% of the labor force by the period end, thus restraining economic growth. Even rapid and ambitious increase in the retirement age (by 1 year each year to 65 years for both men and women) can only partially mitigate the adverse consequences of demographic trends.

The Impact of Green Labels on U.S. Hotel Net Operating Income: Operating Statements Analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-173
Author(s):  
Spenser Robinson ◽  
A.J. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Design ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Operating Income ◽  
Energy Star ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industry Professionals

This paper shows Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified hospitality properties exhibit increased expenses and earn lower net operating income (NOI) than non-certified buildings. ENERGY STAR certified properties demonstrate lower overall expenses than non-certified buildings with statistically neutral NOI effects. Using a custom sample of all green buildings and their competitive data set as of 2013 provided by Smith Travel Research (STR), the paper documents potential reasons for this result including increased operational expenses, potential confusion with certified and registered LEED projects in the data, and qualitative input. The qualitative input comes from a small sample survey of five industry professionals. The paper provides one of the only analyses on operating efficiencies with LEED and ENERGY STAR hospitality properties.

scholarly journals Estimating the Impact of Decoupled Payments on Farm Production in Northern Ireland: An Instrumental Variable Fixed Effect Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3222
Author(s):  
Kehinde Oluseyi Olagunju ◽  
Myles Patton ◽  
Siyi Feng
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Agricultural Subsidies ◽  
Decoupled Payments ◽  
Current Production ◽  
The Impact

The production stimulating impact of agricultural subsidies has been a well-debated topic in agricultural policy analysis for some decades. In light of the EU reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in year 2005 in which agricultural subsidies were decoupled from current production decisions and the modification to this payment in 2015, this study investigates the impact of decoupled payments under these two reforms on livestock production in Northern Ireland. The study uses a farm-level panel dataset covering 2008–2016 period and employs an instrumental variable fixed effect model to control for relevant sources of endogeneity bias. According to the empirical results, the production impacts of decoupled payments were positive and significant but with differential impacts across livestock production sectors, suggesting that decoupled payments still maintain a significant effect on agricultural production and provide an indication of the supply response to changes in decoupled payments.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Romanian Labor Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Carmen Valentina Radulescu ◽  
Georgiana-Raluca Ladaru ◽  
Sorin Burlacu ◽  
Florentina Constantin ◽  
Corina Ioanăș ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Impact

The present research aims to establish the impact that the current crisis situation the planet is facing, namely the COVID-19 pandemic, has had so far on the Romanian labor force market. In this context, given the lack of information and information regarding this pandemic and its effects, the administration of a questionnaire among the population was considered to identify the research results. The method of semantic differential and the method of ordering the ranks were used for the interpretation of the results. With the help of this questionnaire, it will be possible to answer the question of the research in this study: What are the main effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Romanian labor market? The main results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic affected the Romanian workforce; the respondents of the applied questionnaire claimed that they obtained better results and maintained a similar income, but the health crisis also influenced the mentality of employees, with respondents stating that in the event of changing jobs, they would consider it very important for the new employer to ensure the conditions for preventing and combating COVID-19, as well as complex health insurance. However, analyzing at the macroeconomic level, it was found that the COVID-19 pandemic induced an increase in the number of unemployed people in the Romanian labor market.

scholarly journals Canonical Correlation Analysis and a New Composite Index on Digitalization and Labor Force in the Context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6812
Author(s):  
Ane-Mari Androniceanu ◽  
Irina Georgescu ◽  
Manuela Tvaronavičienė ◽  
Armenia Androniceanu
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Canonical Correlation Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Impact

The current phenomenon of the economy-accelerated digitalization, known as the “Industry 4.0”, will generate both an increased productivity, connectivity and several transformations on the labor force skills. Our research objectives are to determine the influence that digitalization has had on the workforce in several developed countries and to propose a new composite indicator that reflects these dynamics over time. We have used the Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) in order to identify and analyze the correlations between two sets of variables, an independent one and a dependent one. Data were collected from the World Bank and World Economic Forum for the years 2018–2019. Based on the results of our research we have determined and made a consistent analysis of the new composite index of digitalization and labor force in 19 countries. The results of our research are relevant and show not only the impact of digitalization on the labor force in different countries, but also the structural changes required by the new economic and social models. Our research can help decision-makers get in advance the necessary measures in the field of labor force in order to ensure a proper integration of these measures into the new economic model based on digitalization.

The Impact of Structural Reforms and Regulations on the Demand Side in the Railway Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Fumitoshi Mizutani
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Structural Reform ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Public Ownership ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Passenger Demand ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The main purpose of this study is to evaluate factors affecting passenger rail demand, with special attention to the effects of structural reform/regulation and competition. In order to do this, we use data obtained from 30 OECD countries for the 24 years from 1990 to 2013. As structural reform/regulation and competition variables, we take the OECD’s five kinds of regulatory indices: (i) overall, (ii) entry, (iii) public ownership, (iv) vertical integration, and (v) market structure; and for competition variables, we take (vi) rail passenger-freight ratio, (vii) rail share, and (viii) high-speed train ratio. As estimation methods, both the fixed effect model and the Hausman-Taylor estimation model are used. The major findings are as follows. First, competition as competitiveness (i.e. the share of rail, passenger over freight ratio) increases passenger demand. And the existence of high-speed trains increases passenger demand. Second, overall, entry regulation, and market structure have no significant effect on demand. Third, public ownership affects passenger demand positively. Last, vertical integration reduces passenger demand.

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