The role of School Principals in Enhancing Participatory Relationship with the Local Community in Public School in Ajloun Directorate from Teacher Perspective: دور مديري المدارس الحكومية في محافظة عجلون في تعزيز الشراكة المجتمعية بين المدرسة والمجتمع من وجهة نظر المعلمين

This Study aimed to identify the role of school principals in enhancing participatory relationship with the local community in public school in Ajloun directorate from teacher perspective, and to determine the effect of variables (sex, and years of experience), the researcher used the Descriptive approaches, study sample consisted of (850) Female and male teacher in Ajloun directorate, to collect data Questioner used it consisted from (25) Paragraph divided to two sector, the result shown that the level of the school principals role in enhancing participatory relationship with the local community in public school in Ajloun directorate from teacher perspective was moderated with average (3.16) , The finding also showed there is statistically significant differences at (α≤0.05) refers to principal sex (male and female) in favor of female in addition there were statistically significant differences between the teacher years of experience in favor of (10 years and more). The study recommended the necessity of holding training courses for school principals concerned with community partnership and communication mechanisms between the school and the local community.

The Degree of school Principals Acquiring of educational technology competencies and its relation to teacher application of education technology from teachers point of view: درجة امتلاك مديري المدارس لكفايات تكنولوجيا التعليم وعلاقته بمستوى توظيف المعلمين لتكنولوجيا التعليم من وجهة نظر المعلمين

This study aimed to identify the degree of school principals acquiring of educational technology competencies and its relation to teacher implementation of education technology from teachers point of view, the study used the descriptive analysis correlative approach, two questionnaires were development first one consisted from (20) paragraph, to determine the school principals acquiring of educational technology competences, the second also consisted from (20) paragraph to determine the teacher implementation of education technology , the sample of study consisted from (340) female and male teacher. However, the finding of study showed that the school principals acquiring of educational technology competencies from teacher point of view was average and the teacher implementation of education technology from teacher point of view was also average, the finding also showed there was a statistically significant relationship between the school principals acquiring of educational technology and teacher implementation of them at the level of (α ≤ 0.05). In addition, the finding showed there weren’t any significant relation in the degree of school principals acquiring of educational technology competencies from teacher point of view refers to variable of teacher's sex. Furthermore, there were significant differences at (α ≤ 0.05) according to teacher qualification for higher education.

Penguatan Identitas Gender pada Siswa Laki-laki Melalui Kehadiran Guru Laki-laki di Tingkat PAUD

Gender identity typically aware at the age of two and will strengthen until about five years old. It is important for parents and teacher of early childhood education to provide knowledge and strengthen children's gender identity so that their gender identity develops according to their gender. Teachers in schools play an important role in strengthening gender identity. Unfortunately, today's society is not much aware of the importance of it and teachers of early childhood education are still considered as women's professions. This article aims to explain the importance of the presence of male teachers on the strengthen of gender identity in early childhood students. This study used a literature review method with thematic analysis techniques. The results of the research analysis showed that society still gives a stigma that early childhood teachers must be women because they have more patience and so on. It creates a sense of prestige and shame for men to become early childhood teachers. On the other hand, male teachers are very much needed at the early childhood education level because male teachers have a role that cannot be replaced by female teachers, especially in the formation and strengthening of gender identity for male students, including providing challenging games for male students, giving examples of assertive behavior, and other attributes that show male gender roles in front of male students. Keywords: Early childhood education, gender identity, male student, male teacher. Abstrak: Identitas gender mulai terbentuk pada usia dua tahun dan akan menguat sampai sekitar usia lima tahun. Penting bagi orang tua dan guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan penguatan tentang identitas gender anak agar identititas gendernya berkembang sesuai dengan jenis kelamin yang dimiliki. Guru di sekolah memberikan pengaruh penting bagi penguatan identitas gender. Namun sayangnya masyarakat saat ini belum banyak yang menyadari pentingnya hal itu dan guru PAUD masih di anggap sebagai profesi perempuan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan pentingnya keberadaan guru laki-laki terhadap pembentukan identitas gender pada siswa PAUD. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review atau studi pustaka dengan teknik analisis tematik. Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat masih memberikan stigma bahwa guru PAUD haruslah perempuan karena memiliki kesabaran lebih dan lain-lain. Hal ini memunculkan rasa gengsi dan malu bagi laki-laki untuk menjadi guru PAUD. Di sisi lain, guru laki-laki sangatlah diperlukan di tingkat pendidikan anak usia dini karena guru laki-laki memiliki peran yang tidak bisa digantikan oleh guru perempuan khususnya dalam pembentukan dan penguatan identitas gender bagi siswa laki-laki, diantaranya pemberian permainan yang menantang bagi anak laki-laki, pemberian contoh perilaku tegas, serta atribut lain yang menunjukkan peran gender laki-laki dihadapan siswa laki-laki. Kata kunci: Identitas gender, guru laki-laki, PAUD, siswa laki-laki.

The Relationship Between Principals' Patterns of Leadership According to Blanchard and Hersey Theory and The Level of Teacher's Job Satisfaction in the Directory of Education in Amman First Area: علاقة النمط القيادي لمديري المدارس حسب" نظرية بلا نشرد وهيرسي" بمستوى الرضا الوظيفي لمعلمي المرحلة الثانوية بمديرية التربية والتعليم للواء ماركا

This study aimed at identifying the relationship of leadership pattern with the satisfaction of their teachers in the Directorate of Education in Amman First Area' as well as finding if there are any specialty, secondary school principal pattern, and the interaction between them, The study objectives are to answer the following questions: 1. What are the leadership patterns of the secondary school principals according to Blanchard and Hersey theory? 2. What is the extent of job satisfaction among teachers? 3. Are there any significant differences for job satisfaction and the secondary school principal pattern concerning teacher specialty and the interaction between them? 4. Are there any significant differences for job satisfaction and the leadership pattern of school principal and the interaction between? 5. There were differences in satisfaction resulted of the specialty factor, while other differnces resulted of the secondary school principal's leadership pattern and there was no interaction between specialty and the leadership pattern of the principals. The study recommended that: 1. There should be concentration on the selling leadership pattern, as well as concentrating on the participation of the teacher in decision making and meet their needs and wells. 2. Training the managers on the suitable leadership patterns and develop them vocationally. 3. To find out the reasons of the satisfaction of male teacher concerning the teaching process and find the solutions. 4. Increase the level of satisfaction for teachers through the enrichment of their spiritual level and support their position in society. 5. Performing more studies concerning the leadership pattern and the job satisfaction including the factors not included in this study such as age, marital status, work place, and salary.

Teacher Candidates' Cyberloafing Behaviors in Terms of Different Variables

This is a descriptive study in the survey model conducted to examine teacher candidates' cyberloafing behaviors in terms of different variables. The study population consists of teacher candidates attending different departments of a state university in the academic year 2017-2018. To create the sample, students from all grade levels in randomly chosen fields of study from different departments of Education Faculty. Research data were collected using the “Scale of Cyberloafing Activities” and the “Personal Information Form”. The data collection tools were delivered from a total of 918 teacher candidates who participated in the study voluntarily. Descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U, and the Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied for data analysis. As a result of the study, it was detected that the teacher candidates' level of cyberloafing in the educational setting was "low," and that they usually accessed social networks and news sites. With regard to gender, it was observed that male teacher candidates, and with regard to departments that Science, Social and Turkish Education students, engaged more in cyberloafing. More than half of the participants defined their internet usage skills on an advanced and expert level, and it was detected that the level of cyberloafing increased as expertise increased. It was determined that the level of cyberloafing increased in conjunction with an increasing frequency of teacher candidates' usage of the internet on their mobile phones during the lesson and increasing grade levels.

Syntagmatic relations as a means of representation of the semantic scope of agentives male teacher / female teacher in the prose of F. A. Vigdorova of the 1950s –1960s

The subject of this research is the units of predicate lexis with regards to the terms male teacher / female teacher in the texts of F. A. Vigdorova of the 1950s – 1960s. The goal is to determine the role of syntagmatic relations of agentives male teacher / female teacher in the prose of F. A. Vigdorova of the indicated period. The article explores the lexicographic data, semantics of adjectives, participles and verbs for the terms male teacher / female teacher, adjectives, participles, verbs as a means of characterization in the prose of F. A. Vigdorova of the 1950s – 1960s. The article employs the methods of linguistic observation, description, statistical calculation, and the elements of component analysis. It is established that the important role in literary space, the writer assigns to adjectives (less often to participles) and verbs, which express the author's intention manifested in the pragmatic potential of the terms male teacher / female teacher. The adjectives and participles as a means of predication compile a generalized “portrait” of the teacher, implicitly translating the message of F. A. Vigdorova on professionalism, duty, and responsibility of the teacher before children, nation, and the country. The verbs represent the multifaceted activity of the teacher, engagement in all spheres of life, aspiration to create. Adjectives, participles, and verbs as a means of characterization of agentives male teacher / female teacher reveal the author’s perspective upon the problems of education and upbringing, indicating the special role of the teacher in life of an individual and personal growth. The relevance of the article lies in the analysis of syntagmatic relations of agentives male teacher / female teacher in the prose of F. A. Vigdorova of the 1950s – 1960ws. The acquired results can be used in preparation of lectures, practical classes on linguistic semantics, linguoculturology, as well as literary language in the higher education institutions.

Investigation of the Preschool Teacher Candidates’ Philosophical Views on the Nature of Mathematics

Teachers’ views on the nature of maths have a crucial effect on their interactions with children, their choice of method and technique to be used while preparing the curriculum, their decision on the type and frequency of activities to be applied, their behaviors in the classroom, children’s attitudes towards maths and their achievement. With this research, it is aimed to examine teacher candidates’ philosophical views on the nature of maths. The research is in relational scanning model. “The Scale of Philosophical Thoughts on the Nature of Mathematics” was implemented to 141 pre-school teacher candidates studying in 2019-2020, which constitute the sample of the study. As a result of the analysis, it has been found that 52.5% of teacher candidates have an absolutist view, the views of female and male teacher candidates support each other and there is a significant difference between the grade level in they study.

Gender Bias in Assessments of Teacher Performance

To measure whether principals exhibit gender bias when assessing teacher effectiveness, we compare principals' subjective evaluations against teachers' self-evaluations and objective effectiveness in Ghanaian primary schools. Female and male teachers rate themselves equivalently. Principals are 11 percentage points less likely to rate a female teacher as "more effective," but female teachers are objectively more effective based on student learning. Principals assess the least effective male teacher as more effective than the objectively most effective female teacher. We corroborate results with a survey experiment showing similar gender bias. This bias against female teachers has implications for promotion and student learning.

Why Don’t Japanese Early Childhood Educators Intervene in Children’s Physical Fights? Some Characteristics of the Mimamoru Approach

This study aims to examine pedagogical meanings of the Mimamoru approach frequently used by Japanese early childhood educators in children’s physical fights. Mimamoru is a strategy in which educators intentionally withhold an intervention, while carefully observing children, to foster children’s voluntary participation in their own learning, socially and cognitively. In this report, we examine why Japanese educators tend not to intervene, and how they determine whether their intervention is necessary. Using methods from Tobin’s video cued multi-vocal ethnography, we conducted focus groups at 9 early childhood education and care facilities (7 in Japan and 2 in the U.S.) with a total of 34 Japanese and 12 U.S. educators. They watched a short video clip in which a mid-career male teacher, one of the Japanese participants, used the Mimamoru approach with two children involved in a physical fight. Educators, then, discussed their interpretations of the teacher’s responses to children. The analyses of the participants’ discussion suggest that educators’ non-intervention, an important feature of the Mimamoru approach, provides children with opportunities to autonomously learn interpersonal skills, for example, through the experiences of feeling guilty and solving problems by themselves. Yet educators do intervene when they determine that the risk of physical harm caused by fighting is greater than the benefit for children to learn. Implications of the Mimamoru approach, including in other cultural contexts, are discussed.