scholarly journals Modification of a bituminous binder using waste products from the polymer industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 2131 (4) ◽  
pp. 042042
Author(s):  
E A Timakov ◽  
Y T Panov ◽  
A V Vihrev ◽  
G V Provatorova ◽  
Y A Timantsev
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
High Pressure Polyethylene ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract In this paper, we have investigated the possibilities of the modification of bituminous mixtures using recycled plastic. Waste from enterprises that process plastic is a serious danger to the environment, which is why the need to develop technologies for their processing is not in doubt. The economic advantages of using such additives are that the modifier used is the total waste of industrial enterprises that manufacture products from thermoplastics. Thus, it is possible to solve several problems at once: reducing the cost of production of bitumen; improvement of their physical and chemical characteristics and recycling of non-recycled waste. Patent information on the use of thermoplastics as a bitumen modifier was analyzed. During the work, waste from the extrusion industry of high-pressure polyethylene (LDPE) used. The influence of additives on the basic physical parameters of bitumen is shown. In the course of research, it was found that the addition of 2-3% polymers to the original formulation allows us to obtain bitumen, the main physical parameters of which (penetration, ductility, softening) meet the existing requirements. With this method of bitumen modification, the cost of their production is reduced without deterioration of the properties of the finished product. We also investigated the possibility of introducing up to 25% modifiers into the formulation, for maximum utilization of polymer waste. The bitumen obtained in this way can be used in regions with a hot climate. An important fact is the unification of the method of introducing additives into the existing technology, which does not require its change. The results of the study showed that thanks to the results obtained, it is possible to significantly reduce the cost of producing asphalt and bitumen products, expand the technological properties of finished road surfaces, and solve the problem of recycling plastic waste.

scholarly journals Study of the Incorporation of Biomass Bottom Ash as a Filler for Discontinuous Grading Bituminous Mixtures with Bitumen Emulsion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3334
Author(s):  
Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽  
Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽  
Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino ◽  
Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Energy consumption, because of population development, is progressively increasing. For this reason, new sources of energy are being developed, such as that produced from the combustion of biomass. However, this type of renewable energy has one main disadvantage, the production of waste. Biomass bottom ash is a residue of this industry that currently has not much use. For this reason, this research evaluates its use as a filler in bituminous mixtures, since this sector also has a significant impact on the environment, as it requires large quantities of raw materials. With this objective, first, the physical and chemical properties of biomass bottom ashes were evaluated, verifying their characteristics for their use as filler. Subsequently, bituminous mixtures were conformed with biomass bottom ash as filler, and their physical and mechanical properties were analyzed through particle loss and Marshall tests. The results of these tests were compared with those obtained with the same type of mixture but with conventional and ophite aggregates. This study confirmed that biomass bottom ash was viable for use as a filler, creating mixtures with a higher percentage of bitumen, better mechanical behavior, and similar physical properties. In short, more sustainable material for roads was obtained with waste currently condemned to landfill.

scholarly journals The use of recycled waste products in a sustainable house design - a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 04051
Author(s):  
Agnes Iringová
Keyword(s):  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Current State ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
House Design ◽  
Family House ◽  
Recycled Waste

The current state of waste production and management in Slovakia. Legislative regulations. Analysis of applying recycled waste products in the construction of sustainable buildings as a substitution of non-renewable materials. The comparison of the physical parameters of recycled materials with non-renewable materials in terms of thermal and fire protection. The construction solution of lightweight building envelopes with a timber supporting system using the thermal insulation and facing made of recycled materials. The model solution of a wood-based family house using recycled waste materials. The comparison of the environmental burden of a standard lightweight sandwich peripheral wall with a recycled waste wall.

scholarly journals Nanostructured Bitumen with Nanocarbon

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.B. Teltayev ◽  
A.A. Kalybai ◽  
G.G. Izmailova ◽  
S.R. Rossi ◽  
E.D. Amirbayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Structure Variation ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Excess Surface ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Low Temperature Resistance

Physical and chemical indicators of bitumen quality of grade BND 70/100 with the added carbon nanopowder 2% by weight have been studied by laboratory test methods and analysis. High reaction ability of nanopowder particles and concentration of excess surface and internal energy in them have been determined, which provide the increase of low-temperature resistance, aggregate strength, and improvement of rheological properties of nanostructured bitumen. Essential structure variation has been proved: the increase of asphaltenes and oils content for 9% and 7.2% respectively due to the decrease of resins for 16.2% by weight. Methods have been discussed for preparing a liquid nanocarbon mix, adding of the mix into bitumen and homogenization of the bitumen. Some economic indicators have been represented which influence essentially the reduction for the cost value of the nanostructure bitumen.

scholarly journals Reducing the cost of electricity transmission services of industrial enterprises connected to the electric networks of electric power producers

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-383
Author(s):  
Anatoly P. Dzyuba
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Electric Networks ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Transport Component ◽  
The Cost

Reducing the cost of electricity consumption by industrial enterprises is the most important area of increasing the operational efficiency of their activities. The article is devoted to the issue of reducing the cost of paying for the service component of the transport component of purchased electrical energy from industrial enterprises that have technological connection to the electrical networks of electricity producers. The article makes an empirical study of the features of the pricing of payment for the services of the transport component of purchased electrical energy for industrial enterprises connected to the electric grids of electricity producers with the identification of factors influencing the overestimation of the cost of paid electricity, and calculating such overestimations using the example of a typical schedule of electricity consumption of a machinebuilding enterprise for various regions Russia. On the basis of the developed author's indicators (tariff coefficient for electricity transportation by the level of GNP, index of tariff coefficient for electricity transportation, weighted average price for electricity transportation, index of weighted average price for electricity transportation, integral index of efficiency of GNP tariffs) study of the effectiveness of the application of tariffs for the transport of electricity for industrial enterprises connected to the electric networks of electricity producers. Based on the calculated indicators, the article groups the regions into three main groups, with the development of recommendations for managing the cost of purchasing electricity by the component of the cost of the transport component of purchased electricity in each group. As the most optimal option for reducing the cost of electricity transportation, the author proposes the introduction of demand management for electricity consumption, which will reduce the costs of industrial enterprises that pay for the transport component of purchased electricity at unfavorable tariff configurations.

scholarly journals Kajian kualitas air pada area budidaya kurungan jaring tancap (KJT) di Danau Tutud Desa Tombatu Tiga Kecamatan Tombatu Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Tokah ◽  
Suzanne L. Undap ◽  
Sammy N.J. Longdong
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The aim of this study was to measure and assess the physical and chemical parameters of water quality in the area of ​​fixnet cage cultureat Lake Tutud Tombatu TigaVillagewhich included temperature, pH, DO, TDS, NO3, NO2, NH3 and PO4 in a different time.This research was conducted from August to November 2016. The research activities consisted of direct measurements in the field (in situ) using a Horiba instrument and laboratory analysis (ex situ) at the Agency for Industrial Research and Development Research Institute of Standardization and Industrial Manado. Determination points were done by purposive sampling which refers to the physiographic location wherever possible in order to represent or describe these waters.Water quality measured at4 stations using a Horiba at a depth of 0.5 meters from the bottom of the lake.Station I represented Inlet water, Station II where the cultivation A, Station III where the cultivation B and Station IVwhere no cultivation. The data obtained and collected were primary data i.e., measurement of physical and chemical parameters of water quality as well as watching for signs of sick fish, dead fish, and the growth of farmed fish.The results showed the water temperature ranged between 28-29 ° C, TDS 0266-0412 mg/L and chemical parameters for dissolved oxygen 2-5 mg/L, pH 7-8 and for the results of laboratory analysis, N03(0.7 - 6.3 mg/L), NO2(0001-0002 mg/L), NH3 (0180-1920 mg/L), PO4(0020-0209 mg/L). In general, the existence of water quality of lake Tutud were still in good condition except for NH3 concentrationthat exceeded quality standard limitsof Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001. Basically lake Tutud can still be used for fish farming, but the addition of new cages were not recommended.   Keywords: Lake Tutud,water quality, physical parameters, chemical parameters, fix net cage

scholarly journals The Theoretical and Methodological Principles of Forming the Economic Security System of Industrial Enterprise

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (523) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
T. P. Tkachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Security System ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
The Cost ◽  
External Actors ◽  
Resource Elements

The article is aimed at improving the theoretical and methodological principles and formalizing the methodological provision of the processes of formation of a comprehensive system of economic security of industrial enterprises. The article analyzes the theoretical principles of interpretation and management of the economic security system of enterprises. In particular, it is defined that modern scientific define the economic security system as an aggregate of elements that provide protection along with threat assessment. The author proposes to consider the concept of «economic security system» as an aggregate of resource elements and functions for harmonization of interests, complexity, flexibility, interaction and coherence of space, which determines the economic efficiency of adaptability of units, management elements, subsystems and allows comprehensively and fully diagnosing risks and threats, potential deviations, as well as substantiating the cost of resources for the systematic provision of security of industrial enterprise. A functional-resource approach to the formation of the economic security system is substantiated. Internal incentives and motivators of the formation of the economic security system are formalized, which are disclosed through structural elements of the system and process flows in the internal environment of the enterprise. To activate the resource and functional elements, it is necessary to establish the goals of the system formation and formalize their species composition. This will allow to determine and substantiate the cost of security provision, minimization of risks and the instrumentarium of the organizational and economic security mechanism. The article describes elements of the security space, which include the resource and functional constituents, methodological means of diagnostics and regulation, as well as economic agents who are in contact with external actors. Motivators, strategic guidances and tasks of its development are defined as strategic elements of the economic security system. The formation of the economic security system of industrial enterprises should be based on the conceptual coordination of elements and functions in accordance with the subjective impact of the environment, as well as on strengthening innovation and integration processes and increasing the cost of preventive activities. The specified aspects are implemented through the instrumentarium of organizational management, which is formalized through the subjects, object, tasks and directions of ensuring economic security.

scholarly journals Testing Engine Oil Specifications and Properties and its Effects on the Engines Maintenance and Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Motor Oils ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This paper presents the results of practical mechanical tests of motor oils, their specifications and characteristics and the effect of their physical and chemical properties on the performance of the engine. The performance of the engine has a strong relation with the engine oil type and efficiency. The degree of stability of oils properties is very important because if oil or lubricants lose their properties, mechanical and chemical excessive corrosion of the motor metals may occur. Consequently, damage occurs to one or more parts of the engine, thereby the system is breaking down where the cost of downtime is too expensive. It has been found that a higher viscosity value is not the optimum as it increases temperature and energy consumption due to frictional losses. The values required for viscosity is the ideals that gives the stable results regardless temperature variations under any conditions of operation, at which the power losses are minimal and the fuel economy is optimal.

scholarly journals Features of the functioning of the Ukrainian market for design work and the development of design in a pandemic.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (47) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
L.V. Shumak
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Added Value ◽  
High Price ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Positioning Strategy ◽  
Economic Characteristic ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

The market for design work in civil and industrial construction was one of the first to react to the crisis trends during a pandemic in the economy. Back in 2013, the volume of orders declined, and the peak of the decline was in 2014. The main reason for the difficulties is the reduction in investment programs of civil and industrial enterprises, and developers. The Ukrainian market for design works is distinguished by a high level of competition. A large number of design companies are actively working in this market niche. This fact constantly pushes market participants to take active steps to adjust the competitive strategy, positioning strategy and pricing. The primary signs of a crisis in design are also recognized through price indicators, which personify both the cost of the project or design services, and the results of the project enterprise, taking into account the factors that form the price level. In recent years, the price indicators of the construction industry have been unstable and completely dependent on external market conditions. Price as an economic characteristic is a significant regulator in the project market of Ukraine and abroad. The design market is the backbone of the construction industry with a volume of over UAH 1 billion per year and high added value. The field requires highly qualified staffing and the introduction of modern technologies. Outdated systems of training, certification of specialists and technical regulation hinder the development of the project market in Ukraine. The market is prone to underestimated cost of design work. In 2018, the share of design in the total cost of construction in Ukraine averaged 1.5-2%; in France it was 8-13%, and in Great Britain the level reached 10-17%. There is practically no system of state orders for design. Today our market is characterized by technological backwardness. The work of designers is low-paid, which, accordingly, affects the quality. High-quality architecture is more expensive than low-quality one. In Ukraine, the demand for quality design is just beginning to emerge. In this regard, it is very important to create a competitive environment that will contribute to development. The project market, like the construction industry as a whole, is extremely heterogeneous. Currently, there are thousands of various design bureaus and small workshops in Ukraine, employing no more than ten people, and the number of freelance designers cannot be statistically estimated. Prices for design, as well as the approaches used to provide services, differ dramatically in these organizations. A high price for a service does not necessarily guarantee that the quality of its delivery will be the same. Therefore, first of all, one should imagine what kind of work will be performed and what their essence is. Many investors prefer to design their facilities using the services of European specialists. What are the features and secrets of the Ukrainian project market? Are there really so few good designers in their country, and by what parameters can they still be found? The article examines the features of the functioning of the Ukrainian market for design work and the development of design in a pandemic.

scholarly journals Use and disposal of disposable plastic packaging by retail chains and catering companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-363
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Panasenkova ◽  
◽  
Olga E. Gruzdeva ◽  
Maria G. Kuznetsova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Retail Chains ◽  
Polymeric Waste ◽  
Disposable Plastic

The increased use of disposable plastic consumer packaging, especially in the sanitary and epidemiological conditions of COVID-19, makes it necessary to dispose of the resulting waste. The problem is aggravated by the weak processing of waste, which is stored and not destroyed in nature. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to analyze the problems caused by the consumption and disposal of plastic disposable plastic packaging by retail chains and public catering companies. A brief comparative analysis of the composition and quantities of the plastic waste was carried out. The legal documents governing the waste management in Russia and abroad were studied. The Russian waste recycling market was compared with the foreign ones. Data on polymeric waste(composition, quantity, share in the total mass of waste, cost, and possibility of using as a secondary raw material) were studied. The lack of an effective system for collecting polymer waste and its utilization in Russia was emphasized and compared with Asian, European and American countries. In these countries, there are regulatory documents governing the collection and recycling of plastic products; the production itself is economically attractive. Recommendations aimed to encourage manufacturers to recycle waste were given; options for solving the problem of recycling plastic waste on a legislative, economic and managerial basis were offered.

Development of Leather Cutting Board from Plastic Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitsum Etefa Ahmed ◽  
Rotick K. Gideon
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Reinforcing Material ◽  
The Cost

Cutting is the process in which goods or garment material are cut and converted into pattern shapes of the goods or garment components. There are two methods of Leather cutting, which are hand cutting and machine cutting. Hand cutting is done with the use of hand knife, cutting board and cutting patterns. Machine cutting can be done using semi-automatic cutting machines or fully-automatic cutting machines. Currently, in Ethiopia, different local and foreign investors are participating in leather products manufacturing. Most of the leather product manufacturing industry and some Small and Medium enterprise’s (SME’s) in the country are using leather cutting machines in order to cut leather goods or garment parts. Most of the industry and SMEs are using imported cutting board made of plastics and rubbers. However, these cutting boards are expensive.   This research aimed at developing a cutting board made from HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) plastic waste as main material, calcium carbonate as a filler and glass fiber as a reinforcing material. Primary and secondary data gathering techniques were applied simultaneously. Primary data were collected through interview and field observation. Secondary data was gathered by reviewing different literature. The cutting board developed through collecting HDPE plastic waste, washing, shredding and melting the shredded plastic with filler and reinforcing material. The melted plastic poured in to cutting board mold and cooled. The developed cutting board was compared with HDPE cutting board available in the local market. The developed board showed relative compression and hardness properties with the HDPE cutting board available in the market. In the cost analysis, the developed cutting board is cheaper than the cutting board which available in the market. However, the cutting board in the market has better surface texture and quality than the developed cutting board. Melting HDPE plastic waste using metal or clay cooking pots and charcoal fire is a tedious task and smoke from the fire will cause human health problem and will affect environment. Consequently, manual plastic melting method is not feasible for mass production, because it is difficult to control the amount of heat (charcoal fire) during melting process. Based on this the authors recommend using machine based plastic melting and molding during HDPE and related plastic recycling.

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