The origins Of Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Remarks: On Ts 208 And Ts 209

According to Rush Rhees, Wittgenstein composed TS 209 (Philosophical Remarks) and handed it in to Russell in order to renew a grant from the Cambridge Council Cambridge in April-May 1930. Pichler (1994, 2009) and Rothhaupt (2010) challenged Rhees’ hypothesis, and claimed that Wittgenstein handed in TS 208 to Russell, and not TS 209. Against their view, I argue that Rhees’ hypothesis best explains the major motive for the composition of Philosophical Remarks, and that it best explains what Wittgenstein handed in to Russell. While I give six reasons in favor of Rhees, I also try to explain how Russell, Moore, Littlewood, Schlick, and Waismann are linked with the composition of TS 208 and TS 209.

Discourses on Hamlet's Journey in Turkey

This study seeks to scrutinize extratextual discourses which frame the Turkish translations and post-translation rewritings of Hamlet as an instrument of national self-imagining and projecting Turkey’s self-image in different socio-political and historical contexts. The study points out that various discourses see image construction as the major motive behind the different versions of Hamlet in Turkey. It also underlines that the extratextual material surrounding the retranslations and rewritings focus on various contextual dynamics that reveal how Turkey is torn between dualities that frame its image in line with the narratives of modernity and tradition, secularism and religion, easternness and westernness. In this context, the study emphasizes that theatre translation, and particularly the translations of Hamlet, formed significant part of the late Ottoman Empire’s and modern Turkey’s westernization efforts. Ultimately, the study concludes that discourses on the Hamlet renderings have foregrounded what is and what is not part of Turkey’s historically constructed self-image by bringing the West alongside the East, centering on how the retranslations and rewritings promote Turkey’s Western (secular and modern) identity against a largely negative representation of its eastern cultural identity. Key words: Hamlet, Turkey, retranslation, post-translation rewriting, image

From Social Reform to Knowledge Dissemination

The translation of non-literary texts, especially science texts, compared to that of literary texts, tends to receive less attention not only from general readers in public, but also from scholars. One phenomenon of such tendency is that non-literary texts are far less retranslated. Different from literary texts, which could have as many as dozens of retranslations, such as the English novel Jane Eyre, which has more than thirty Chinese retranslations, non-literary texts in general have much fewer retranslations, with many of them never retranslated. The reasons for retranslation of non-literary texts differ from those for literary texts. Literary texts are retranslated, as investigated by many researchers, often because of particular consideration of new target reader groups, language, style, aesthetics, commercial interest, and the like; while non-literary texts tend not to be retranslated for that many different purposes, it is commonly agreed that knowledge dissemination is the major motive behind their retranslations.

Multi Terrain Surveillance Drone

The purpose of this research paper is to design a drone which can move autonomously in a fixed predetermined route or by using radio waves through any environment. Various drones are available nowadays which differ in size, color and properties. Unmanned aerial vehicles have gained wide popularity over decades and are used extensively for several applications. The main feature of this drone is that it does not require any additional infrastructure to quickly register and monitor the object. The major motive is to get accuracy in rescue missions for accidents occurring at higher terrain as well as underwater. The main uniqueness is that it can move through air and water. An efficient algorithm is incorporated to reduce the complexity. The drone’s database is developed using artificial intelligence which helps in faster recognition of the object.

Surviving Plague

This chapter assesses the everyday life of the inhabitants who remained in the city, not having been taken off to a Lazaretto or to a quarantine centre. It provides a more nuanced picture of the identity and reactions of the poorer levels of society through a discussion of how the criminal justice system in Florence worked in practice. These records reveal that many prosecutions were of individuals and families who had adopted strategies to survive. Trials, interviews, and witness statements reflect the personal experience of how the city's population dealt with being shut up at home, leading to isolation and deprival of their normal means of support as families were split up and economic activities were banned. Court records reflect not just an extraordinary amount of social activity, despite the imposition of measures of social and sanitary control, as people escaped from locked-up houses, climbed over roofs to visit family, friends, or prostitutes, and tried to carry on their normal trades to help starving families. If economic hardship formed a major motive for people breaking out of and into houses, there were also organised gangs who exploited the crisis and conducted criminal activities, which led to the theft of valuables from locked houses and isolation and quarantine centres.

Assessing Perceived Prevalence of Deception in Organizational Communication

Manipulations of crucial information during interaction in organization is deception with the organization too as it impacts the overall productivity and progress of the organization. The current study was an attempt to study the perceived prevalence of organizational deception using IMT. A questionnaire was constructed in two parts for direct and indirect analysis to elicit responses regarding prevalence of deception. The study concluded that faculty members use deception for different motives which may carry serious consequences in the organizations. It is further inferred that ‘self benefit’ is the major motive of deception followed by ‘others’ benefit’ while ‘harming others’ came out to be least prevalent motive of violation of messages. The study is one of the initial steps towards using IMT theory for studying prevalence of deception. Looking into the vast scope of research in this area, the researchers can further probe deception in different interpersonal situations.

Pakistan’s Nuclear Policy & Development: A Sri Lankan Perspective

This paper aims to examine the historical background of Pakistan’s nuclear strategic doctrines in the context of nuclear deterrence policy of Pakistan. After years of research, Pakistan proudly set off an atomic bomb in 1998 and became the first Muslim nation to join the nuclear community. Primarily, the reason of nuclear deterrence of Pakistan will be propound as part of their historical conflicts with India and Indian threat was the major motive for Pakistan unveiling its nuclear card. The explosion caused tensions around the world and further strained diplomatic relations between Pakistan and its main rival India, which had detonated its own atomic device in 1974. The original Pakistani effort to build the atomic bomb began in the 1950s and reached a fever pitch during the Jimmy Carter administration when Pakistan made a deal with France for a reprocessing plant that could create fissionable plutonium. The other part would emphasize the key part of the nuclear programme of Pakistan. In such context, this paper is an attempt to touch various issues regarding development of nuclear power in Pakistan, while highlighting the role of external powers which would contribute to the transitory nature of their dynamic relations to develop nuclear power in Pakistan. The data were collected mainly from secondary sources. The research concludes that the Pakistan may have no choice but to gain nuclear capability, to ensure its survival , and has developed its own nuclear weapons in order to strengthen its bargaining position vis-à-vis India and reduce its dependence on external sources.

Are Greek High School Students Environmental Citizens?

Environmental citizenship is specifically concerned with understanding the nature of global issues and taking an active role in addressing them. The aim of the present paper is the identification of the characteristics that constitute the environmental citizen among high school students in Greece. Literature review revealed the characteristics that an environmental citizen should possess. Thus, a research was conducted via a closed-type questionnaire in order to identify those characteristics in the students' responses. The results suggest that the knowledge of the students on certain environmental issues is sufficient. Also, the major motive for participation in environmental activities is the high level of awareness of the students about the global environment. Finally, a classification of high school students in five clusters, describing the relevance of their responses to the environmental citizenship characteristics, is presented.

PEMANFAATAN SEKURITISASI ASET DALAM MENDORONG SEKTOR RIIL: ALTERNATIF PEMBIAYAAN UMKM

This paper analyzes the asset securitization as a source of financing for small and medium scale enterprise. We use field survey and focus group discussion in Jabodetabek, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Denpasar, Medan, and Banjarmasin, covering 149 samples in total. This paper found the banks generally are in excess liquidity condition, therefore face difficulty on obtaining the minimum of Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR). For this reason, those banks are not interested to sell the SME’s loan though they are quite interested on the asset securitization concept. For the banks, the major motive to invest in asset securitization program is a high yield. In addition, they expect this portfolio to increase the LDR. Prior the implementation of this program, this paper underlines the necessity to overcome some obstacles including non-bankable SME’s, liquidity and human resource of the banks, and limited information of the asset securitazion program (EBA-UMKM). Keywords: asset securitization, SME’s, banking.JEL Classification: D24, L6, E32

Domestic versus International. Pakistani Football Fans Attitude towards Foreigner Teams of Different Format

Globalization brought broader opportunities for international brands. Few football clubs have already established themselves as brands and others are struggling to gain international fandom. Pakistan is sixth biggest country population wise so there is vast potential fan market waiting to be invaded by foreign clubs. The purpose of this study is to measure motives behind loyalty of Pakistani football fans for their favourite international football teams and favourite football club teams. Four measurement attachments, the Attributes scale (AS), Benefits scale (BS), Behavioral loyalty scale (BLS), and Attitudinal loyalty scale (ALS) were used to determined outcomes. The result revealed that international football tournaments are more popular than domestic football leagues. A comparison between both formats expressed that star players are major motive in both formats. Overall motives behind loyalty are same however their intensity is different in different formats.