scholarly journals The origins Of Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Remarks: On Ts 208 And Ts 209

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Engelmann
Keyword(s):  
Major Motive

According to Rush Rhees, Wittgenstein composed TS 209 (Philosophical Remarks) and handed it in to Russell in order to renew a grant from the Cambridge Council Cambridge in April-May 1930. Pichler (1994, 2009) and Rothhaupt (2010) challenged Rhees’ hypothesis, and claimed that Wittgenstein handed in TS 208 to Russell, and not TS 209. Against their view, I argue that Rhees’ hypothesis best explains the major motive for the composition of Philosophical Remarks, and that it best explains what Wittgenstein handed in to Russell. While I give six reasons in favor of Rhees, I also try to explain how Russell, Moore, Littlewood, Schlick, and Waismann are linked with the composition of TS 208 and TS 209.

Scanning electron microscopy of gastrulation in a sea urchin (Anthocidaris crassispina)

Development ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Shonan Amemiya ◽  
Koji Akasaka ◽  
Hiroshi Terayama
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Animal Pole ◽  
Vegetal Pole ◽  
Mesenchyme Cell ◽  
Major Motive ◽  
Mesenchyme Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron

Gastrulation in Anthocidaris was investigated by observing the inside and the outside of embryos by scanning electron microscopy. Furrows which possibly rėflect changes in intercellular interactions were observed on the outer surface (hyaline layer side) of embryos twice in development: firstly at the time of primary mesenchyme cell formation, and secondly at the time of vegetal plate indentation. In the latter case, the cells within and surrounding the vegetal plate appeared to change their shapes differently; the former (within the plate) having broader surfaces on the blastocoel side whereas the latter (surrounding the plate) having broader surfaces on the hyaline layer side. This suggests that the first phase of indentation may be mediated by the autonomous change of cell shape and intercellular adhesiveness, accompanied by an autonomous cell movement in the vegetal pole region. Although some pseudopodial linkages were observed between secondary mesenchyme cells on the top of the invaginating archenteron and the animal pole in the mid-gastrula and later stage embryos, they were thinner and smaller in number as compared to those in the Pseudocentrotus embryos. The rate of invagination appeared rather constant throughout gastrulation in contrast to the accelerated invagination in other embryos with larger blastocoel cavities. Moreover, the number of columnar cells on the dissected surface of embryos remained unaltered. These findings suggest that the secondary mesenchyme cells may act as a linker between the archenteron tip and the animal pole, but they may not generate major motive forces for archenteron invagination at least in the Anthocidaris embryos.

Mitochondrial bioenergetics as a major motive force of speciation

BioEssays ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 642-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moran Gershoni ◽  
Alan R. Templeton ◽  
Dan Mishmar
Keyword(s):  
Motive Force ◽  
Mitochondrial Bioenergetics ◽  
Major Motive

Organizational structures on the beauty parade—imitations and shop-window dressing

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Alvesson
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Window Dressing ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Management Context ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Major Motive ◽  
General Norm ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

As we have seen, an excessive interest in change—or at least the initiation of more or less well-considered projects—is closely linked to a high degree of sensitivity for what people think others are doing. As there are frequent mass media reports about the strong need for change and organizations are often engaged in various change activities, it is vital to keep up—both with the general norm and with the signalled moves of others. The risk of deviating and, in particular, falling behind is a major motive force. A key factor here is the surface—what seems to be visible from a distance and without much deeper knowledge—in an organizational and management context. This chapter focuses on the links between these aspects, in which imitations and fashions have a particularly high impact at the shop-window level (i.e., the illusion level), and where an increasing emphasis on the shop-window factor encourages imitations and fashion-following behaviour. This chapter then takes the phenomenon of imitation seriously. But even if the desire to keep up with norms and fashions and the fear of lagging behind other organizations—in general or in one’s sector—play a role, how significant is it? It may only have a moderate impact, compared with efficiency concerns, for example. And surely responsible executives, politicians, and other policymakers are strong, independent, reasonably thoughtful, and rational actors, who generally have good reasons for their decisions and the organizational structures they are responsible for? Or is the almost caricature-like view of organizations as almost slavishly following fashions ‘true’? No precise answers are possible, but research and insightful observations by respected commentators may give important material for informed reasoning. In this chapter, I start with the phenomenon of imitation and convergence between organizations by exploring the impact of adapting new formal structures in organizations within a certain sector. There are reasons to believe that imitation of ‘leaders’ and following fashion are far from insignificant. Then this is related to the issue of the ‘depth’ of such imitation tendencies, where the window-dressing aspects are emphasized.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN SEKURITISASI ASET DALAM MENDORONG SEKTOR RIIL: ALTERNATIF PEMBIAYAAN UMKM

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-239
Author(s):  
Wijoyo Santoso ◽  
Shinta R.I. Soekro ◽  
Darmansyah Darmansyah ◽  
Hilde D. Sihaloho
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Asset Securitization ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Excess Liquidity ◽  
Major Motive

This paper analyzes the asset securitization as a source of financing for small and medium scale enterprise. We use field survey and focus group discussion in Jabodetabek, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Denpasar, Medan, and Banjarmasin, covering 149 samples in total. This paper found the banks generally are in excess liquidity condition, therefore face difficulty on obtaining the minimum of Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR). For this reason, those banks are not interested to sell the SME’s loan though they are quite interested on the asset securitization concept. For the banks, the major motive to invest in asset securitization program is a high yield. In addition, they expect this portfolio to increase the LDR. Prior the implementation of this program, this paper underlines the necessity to overcome some obstacles including non-bankable SME’s, liquidity and human resource of the banks, and limited information of the asset securitazion program (EBA-UMKM).  Keywords: asset securitization, SME’s, banking.JEL Classification: D24, L6, E32

scholarly journals Discourses on Hamlet's Journey in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-138
Author(s):  
Hilal ERKAZANCI DURMUŞ
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
The West ◽  
Image Construction ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Major Motive ◽  
Constructed Self ◽  
Modern Identity ◽  
Late Ottoman

This study seeks to scrutinize extratextual discourses which frame the Turkish translations and post-translation rewritings of Hamlet as an instrument of national self-imagining and projecting Turkey’s self-image in different socio-political and historical contexts. The study points out that various discourses see image construction as the major motive behind the different versions of Hamlet in Turkey. It also underlines that the extratextual material surrounding the retranslations and rewritings focus on various contextual dynamics that reveal how Turkey is torn between dualities that frame its image in line with the narratives of modernity and tradition, secularism and religion, easternness and westernness. In this context, the study emphasizes that theatre translation, and particularly the translations of Hamlet, formed significant part of the late Ottoman Empire’s and modern Turkey’s westernization efforts. Ultimately, the study concludes that discourses on the Hamlet renderings have foregrounded what is and what is not part of Turkey’s historically constructed self-image by bringing the West alongside the East, centering on how the retranslations and rewritings promote Turkey’s Western (secular and modern) identity against a largely negative representation of its eastern cultural identity.   Key words: Hamlet, Turkey, retranslation, post-translation rewriting, image

scholarly journals From Social Reform to Knowledge Dissemination

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-72
Author(s):  
Hua Tan
Keyword(s):  
Social Reform ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Knowledge Dissemination ◽  
Jane Eyre ◽  
Science Texts ◽  
English Novel ◽  
Commercial Interest ◽  
Language Style ◽  
Major Motive ◽  
To Receive

The translation of non-literary texts, especially science texts, compared to that of literary texts, tends to receive less attention not only from general readers in public, but also from scholars. One phenomenon of such tendency is that non-literary texts are far less retranslated. Different from literary texts, which could have as many as dozens of retranslations, such as the English novel Jane Eyre, which has more than thirty Chinese retranslations, non-literary texts in general have much fewer retranslations, with many of them never retranslated. The reasons for retranslation of non-literary texts differ from those for literary texts. Literary texts are retranslated, as investigated by many researchers, often because of particular consideration of new target reader groups, language, style, aesthetics, commercial interest, and the like; while non-literary texts tend not to be retranslated for that many different purposes, it is commonly agreed that knowledge dissemination is the major motive behind their retranslations.

Pakistan’s Nuclear Policy & Development: A Sri Lankan Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Aliff ◽  
M.A.M Fowsar
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Nuclear Deterrence ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Bargaining Position ◽  
Major Motive ◽  
External Powers

This paper aims to examine the historical background of Pakistan’s nuclear strategic doctrines in the context of nuclear deterrence policy of Pakistan. After years of research, Pakistan proudly set off an atomic bomb in 1998 and became the first Muslim nation to join the nuclear community. Primarily, the reason of nuclear deterrence of Pakistan will be propound as part of their historical conflicts with India and Indian threat was the major motive for Pakistan unveiling its nuclear card. The explosion caused tensions around the world and further strained diplomatic relations between Pakistan and its main rival India, which had detonated its own atomic device in 1974. The original Pakistani effort to build the atomic bomb began in the 1950s and reached a fever pitch during the Jimmy Carter administration when Pakistan made a deal with France for a reprocessing plant that could create fissionable plutonium. The other part would emphasize the key part of the nuclear programme of Pakistan. In such context, this paper is an attempt to touch various issues regarding development of nuclear power in Pakistan, while highlighting the role of external powers which would contribute to the transitory nature of their dynamic relations to develop nuclear power in Pakistan. The data were collected mainly from   secondary sources. The research concludes that the Pakistan may have no choice but to gain nuclear capability, to ensure its survival , and has developed its own nuclear weapons in order to strengthen its bargaining position vis-à-vis India and reduce its dependence on external sources.

European Reactions to the Homestead Act

1962 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folke Dovring
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Economic Opportunity ◽  
The Real ◽  
Major Motive

Contemporary reaction to the Homestead Act was complex in the United States, and the judgment of posterity has included much negative criticism. Whatever the real merits and defects of the Act, its impact on public opinion in Europe was not necessarily in keeping with the facts as they unfolded in America. European reactions to the famous Act are much less known than is the case with American public and expert opinion on the same subject. Standard literature on emigration and on the American image in Europe invariably stresses political freedom and economic opportunity as main motives for emigration. The Homestead Act is in most cases mentioned only in passing, as one among several factors in the motivation of prospective emigrants. In some cases it is claimed to have been a major motive but without evidence to bear out how important it was.

Surviving Plague

2019 ◽  
pp. 229-276
Author(s):  
John Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Normal Means ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Witness Statements ◽  
Major Motive ◽  
The City

This chapter assesses the everyday life of the inhabitants who remained in the city, not having been taken off to a Lazaretto or to a quarantine centre. It provides a more nuanced picture of the identity and reactions of the poorer levels of society through a discussion of how the criminal justice system in Florence worked in practice. These records reveal that many prosecutions were of individuals and families who had adopted strategies to survive. Trials, interviews, and witness statements reflect the personal experience of how the city's population dealt with being shut up at home, leading to isolation and deprival of their normal means of support as families were split up and economic activities were banned. Court records reflect not just an extraordinary amount of social activity, despite the imposition of measures of social and sanitary control, as people escaped from locked-up houses, climbed over roofs to visit family, friends, or prostitutes, and tried to carry on their normal trades to help starving families. If economic hardship formed a major motive for people breaking out of and into houses, there were also organised gangs who exploited the crisis and conducted criminal activities, which led to the theft of valuables from locked houses and isolation and quarantine centres.

scholarly journals Multi Terrain Surveillance Drone

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4s) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Efficient Algorithm ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Major Motive

The purpose of this research paper is to design a drone which can move autonomously in a fixed predetermined route or by using radio waves through any environment. Various drones are available nowadays which differ in size, color and properties. Unmanned aerial vehicles have gained wide popularity over decades and are used extensively for several applications. The main feature of this drone is that it does not require any additional infrastructure to quickly register and monitor the object. The major motive is to get accuracy in rescue missions for accidents occurring at higher terrain as well as underwater. The main uniqueness is that it can move through air and water. An efficient algorithm is incorporated to reduce the complexity. The drone’s database is developed using artificial intelligence which helps in faster recognition of the object.

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