Pakistan’s Nuclear Policy & Development: A Sri Lankan Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Aliff ◽  
M.A.M Fowsar
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Nuclear Deterrence ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Bargaining Position ◽  
Major Motive ◽  
External Powers

This paper aims to examine the historical background of Pakistan’s nuclear strategic doctrines in the context of nuclear deterrence policy of Pakistan. After years of research, Pakistan proudly set off an atomic bomb in 1998 and became the first Muslim nation to join the nuclear community. Primarily, the reason of nuclear deterrence of Pakistan will be propound as part of their historical conflicts with India and Indian threat was the major motive for Pakistan unveiling its nuclear card. The explosion caused tensions around the world and further strained diplomatic relations between Pakistan and its main rival India, which had detonated its own atomic device in 1974. The original Pakistani effort to build the atomic bomb began in the 1950s and reached a fever pitch during the Jimmy Carter administration when Pakistan made a deal with France for a reprocessing plant that could create fissionable plutonium. The other part would emphasize the key part of the nuclear programme of Pakistan. In such context, this paper is an attempt to touch various issues regarding development of nuclear power in Pakistan, while highlighting the role of external powers which would contribute to the transitory nature of their dynamic relations to develop nuclear power in Pakistan. The data were collected mainly from   secondary sources. The research concludes that the Pakistan may have no choice but to gain nuclear capability, to ensure its survival , and has developed its own nuclear weapons in order to strengthen its bargaining position vis-à-vis India and reduce its dependence on external sources.

First Insights on Peruvian Luxury Consumers

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 699-712
Author(s):  
Anne-Flore Maman Larraufie ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Strong Potential ◽  
Analytic Process ◽  
Emerging Country ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Peru is an emerging country showing strong potential for future luxury developments. It already holds luxury regular consumers, mainly in the Lima capital. However, it is currently approached in a standardized process by luxury firms, following what is done in other emerging markets for luxury. To be efficient, it is necessary to get more knowledge about Peruvian consumers. This is what this article aims at. After reviewing the historical background of the country along with its cultural dimensions, we present results from a two-stage analytic process based on data collected from secondary sources and interviews with consumers. We derive from that practical recommendations for luxury managers and propose some research questions and hypotheses to be further explored and tested.

scholarly journals The New Reality of Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis of New Normal Challenges and Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-146
Author(s):  
Umme Sayeda
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
International Health ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Grounded Theory Method ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

The post-COVID-19 new normal will arise as a game-changer in the policy-making of the world states. Accordingly, this article highlights the post-pandemic Bangladesh that should integrate biology affirmatively in the policy development procedures to reshape the new normal challenges as opportunities. The grounded theory method is adopted as a quantitative analysis tool relying on the secondary sources of data to portray the significance of biopolitics as political rationality in new norm Bangladesh. The researcher has used the neo-realism approach to develop the ‘Biopolitical Rationale Theory’, which uncovers how evolving neo-realist security demands the prioritization of biopolitics in every sphere of decision making for governing the post-pandemic new standard of existence. The 2020 corona outbreak proved that human life and the environment are the ultimate means of survival rather than the traditional security arrangements and extreme economic growth which are inhumane (rationality of death and militarization), unhygienic, and destructive to the environment (exploitation of nature is profitable). The article recommends some alternative new normal policies such as non-discriminative health policy, bordering in line with International Health Regulations (IHR), digitalization with better cybersecurity, virtualization of the tourist industry (application of Extended Reality), application of Career Resilience (CR), and Strategic Flexibility Analysis tools in the re-employment and career development, greening the economy, special arrangements for emergency health crisis and undertaking actions considering the environment as a remedy rather than a crisis. The review research concludes that the inclusion of biopolitics in the Bangladesh governance system can redesign the challenges of new normal as new opportunities. But the reshaping of such a new reality will itself prevail as a considerable challenge for Bangladesh.

Sustainability and Re-invention: The Pot Drum in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Iranga S Weerakkody
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Evolutionary Stage ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Cultural Texts

As indicated by archeological and literary sources, the pot drum has been a membranaphone of popular use since the Anuradhapura kingdom. It has been seen in various forms as Kumbha beraya, kala beraya, bummadiya or bimbisaka. This drum, being made out of clay in the shape of a gourd with an elongated neck or in that of a clay pot had a stretched skin of goat hide, monitor lizard hide or monkey hide. The use of these raw materials and how it brings harmony between the pottery industry and villagers in the processes of making the bummadiya is of importance. Through this research, understanding the Sri Lankan pot drum as a primary musical instrument and studying its historical and cultural aspects served as a foundation. After which, the objectives of identifying the role the pot-drum plays in sustainability were discussed. Finally, an investigation into an evolutionary stage of the pot drum in modern times, the thunpata beraya, was investigated. While this is a qualitative research, literary and archeological sources were used to collect data through discussions and field visits. The cultural texts and articles written throughout the ages on the Sri Lankan pot drum were used as secondary sources. Judgment sampling was the background behind the selection of data sources. Audio-visual methods were also used in collecting data. The human activity of using a material such as clay to express creativity in the form of music is of significance here.

Reason and Nuclear Deterrence

1986 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 129-159
Author(s):  
Alan Gewirth
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Nuclear Deterrence ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Nuclear Arms Race

The nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union has reached a stage of unparalleled destructive potential. Fueling the race are not only an immense series of mighty technological developments but also each side's unremitting quest for both security and power. Thus, each side is animated by intense competitiveness with and deep distrust of the other.My primary purpose in this essay is not to examine the historical background or the current status of this murderous competition but rather to inquire into what can and should be done to avoid its dangers. For this purpose, we must make the most intensive possible use of reason. For reason gives us the surest way to attain truth, including practical truth about what ought to be done in the various predicaments that confront human beings.

scholarly journals Consumer Justice: A Symbol of Economic Prosperity and Social Progressiveness

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Subir Kumar Roy
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The People ◽  
Bargaining Position

It is well recognized fact that consumer confidence and trust in a well functioning market for financial services promotes financial stability, growth efficiency and innovation over the long term. So protection of the interest of consumers is not merely an ethical or humanitarian issue rather it is also an issue of economy. Consumer protection demands for setting of minimum quality specification and safety standards for goods and services to curb unfair trade practices. So far the international norms are concerned it effectively contains the Bill of Rights of Consumers which help them across the globe to effectively protect their interests. Keeping in consideration about the poor bargaining position of the consumers and with an aim to ensure consumers to access non-hazardous products United Nation issued Guidelines for Consumer Protection, 1985, expanded again in 1999. The consumer justice is a facet of socio-economic justice and emanates from the basic philosophy of the Indian constitution i.e. to do justice and to strengthen the standard and status of the people of this country. It has been discussed in this article in an elaborate way about the various provisions of the Constitution and all the legislations which addresses the issues of consumers and resolve to protect their interests. But still the exploitation of Indian consumers by the dishonest traders and service providers become a routine matter and this article also scanned the reasons for the same and also provides suggestions to ameliorate the conditions of consumers. This paper is based on qualitative analysis of the information mainly obtained from secondary sources such as different books and journals as referred over here, Policy documents, existing laws, reports of United Nations, important judgments and observations of Judiciary etc.

scholarly journals SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND ITS PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES IN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Kalama John ◽  
◽  
Famous Eseduwo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Technology Research ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Global Statistics

Global statistics revealed that the development of science and technology research has aided and facilitated growth and sustainable development in most industrialized societies while the story is different for less developed countries hence, this paper examined policy issues and challenges confronting the development of science and technology research in Nigeria. The study adopted the elite theory and derived its data from secondary sources which included official government documents, textbooks, published journals articles, the international news media, newspaper publications, materials from the internet etc. The study also adopted the descriptive research method hence, the data collected were analysed using the qualitative method. Findings in the study show that lack of consistency in the development of a science and technology development policy has hindered the growth and use of indigenous technology in Nigeria. Thus, there is need to develop and implement an indigenous home grown sustainable science and technology development policy in Nigeria in order to compete favourably in the international market.

scholarly journals Sri Lanka’s Failed Peace Process and the Continuing Challenge of Ethno-Territorial Cleavages

2019 ◽  
pp. 255-274
Author(s):  
Asanga Welikala
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
Conflict Transformation ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Constitutional Politics ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Peace Negotiations ◽  
Competitive Nature

This chapter examines why the peace process in Sri Lanka failed to find a constitutional settlement for the country’s ethno-territorial cleavage, and even enthroned a government hostile to Tamil aspirations for regional autonomy. It first provides a historical background on the ethnic division between Sinhalese and Tamils before turning to the period of constitutional engagement in Sri Lanka, focusing in particular on the Norwegian-facilitated peace process between the Sri Lankan government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and highlighting its various weaknesses as a model of conflict transformation and constitutional transition. The chapter also analyzes the outcomes of the peace process and the lessons that can be drawn from it. Two features of Sri Lanka’s political culture that became evident in the failure of the peace negotiations are identified: the hyper-competitive nature of party politics and the elitism of constitutional politics.

scholarly journals Legal and Regulatory Development of Nuclear Energy in Bangladesh

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ridoan Karim ◽  
Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki ◽  
Mohammad Karim ◽  
Abu Munir ◽  
Imtiaz Sifat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Regulatory Development ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Robust Framework

The adequacy of legal and regulatory framework relating to nuclear energy in Bangladesh has sparked many questions since the government took the formal decision to establish a nuclear power plant (NPP) at Rooppur. Consequently, the government has taken some measures to make a comprehensive and robust framework to ensure safe and secure nuclear energy production in the country. Even though these initiatives are highly appreciable, there remain certain regulatory concerns which this paper has attempted to reflect. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to showcase the recent legal and regulatory development of Bangladesh in relation to nuclear energy and to recommend further developments. The study was based on secondary sources where a doctrinal research was carried out to solve particular research questions. The safety and security of the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant will frankly rely on how the government of Bangladesh plans and learns to implement, design, safeguard, exchange and further develop nuclear energy related knowledge and talent around the country.

scholarly journals Tinjauan Historitas Simbol Harmonisasi Antaretnis Tionghoa dan Melayu di Bangka Belitung

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Meta Sya ◽  
Rustono Farady Marta ◽  
Teguh Priyo Sadono
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Ethnic Chinese

This article discusses the historical background of the formation of the Bangka Belitung islands as a province full of harmonization symbols, namely ethnic Chinese and Malays (Thongin Fangin Jit Jong). Based on historical searches using primary and secondary sources, it can be concluded that the arrival of the Chinese in Bangka as miners has made a mixture of Chinese and Malay ethnic groups in Bangka. Then, the assimilation was expressed with an attitude of solidarity between the two, which began with the arrival of the white nation in Bangka, causing a resistance between ethnic Chinese and Malays through the Bangka War led by Depati Amir. This was done because of the feelings of oppression and suffering experienced by ethnic Chinese and Malays at that time. Then, the attitude of solidarity did not stop at that moment, but when Bangka Belitung struggled to break away from South Sumatra. The participation of the entire community of the Bangka Belitung Islands together struggled to be able to provide prosperity. Therefore, historical ties become very important media in the formation of the symbol of harmonization.

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