ANALISIS TIPOLOGI ARSITEKTUR RUMAH MASYARAKAT TANI DI BANARAN KABUPATEN TUBAN

Abstract:. Archipelago architecture is one of the identities of the Indonesian state. Archipelago architecture in Indonesia can be found in rural areas, hamlets, villages, and coastal areas. The architecture that develops in the hamlets in Indonesia can be a potential for regional tourism development. The settlement of the peasants in Banaran Hamlet is a settlement that is not too dense and the community houses have a distinctive architectural typology. This study aims to analyze the typology of the Banaran farming community houses. This study uses a typological approach with tracing methods in the literature and field studies which are then described qualitatively. This study presents the results of the analysis of typology of farm community houses in Dusun Banaran, Sidotentrem Village, Bangilan District, Tuban Regency, East Java.Abstrak: Arsitektur nusantara merupakan salah satu identitas negara Indonesia. Arsitektur nusantara di Indonesia dapat di jumpai di wilayah pedesaan, dusun, kampung, pesisir. Arsitektur yang berkembang di wilayah dusun-dusun di Indonesia dapat menjadi potensi untuk pengembangan wisata daerah. Permukiman masyrakat tani di Dusun Banaran, merupakan permukiman yang tidak terlalu padat dan rumah msyarakat memiliki tipologi arsitektur yang khas. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tipologi rumah masyarakat tani Banaran. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan tipologi dengan metode penuelusuran secatra kajian literatur pustaka maupun lapangan yang kemudian dideskriptif secara kualitatif. Penelitian ini menyajikan hasil analisis tipologi arsitektur rumah masyarakat tani di Dusun Banaran, Desa sidotentrem, Kecamatan bangilan, Kabupaten Tuban, Jawa Timur.

Association of Autism Onset, Epilepsy, and Behavior in a Community of Adults with Autism and Severe Intellectual Disability

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are hard to characterize due to their clinical heterogeneity. Whether epilepsy and other highly prevalent comorbidities may be related to specific subphenotypes such as regressive ASD (i.e., the onset of symptoms after a period of apparently typical development) is controversial and yet to be determined. Such discrepancies may be related to the fact that age, level of cognitive functioning, and environmental variables are often not taken into account. We considered a sample of 20 subjects (i) between 20 and 55 years of age, (ii) with severe/profound intellectual disability, (iii) living in the same rural context of a farm community. As a primary aim, we tested for the association between epilepsy and regressive ASD. Secondly, we explored differences in behavioral and pharmacological profiles related to the presence of each of these conditions, as worse behavioral profiles have been separately associated with both epilepsy and regressive ASD in previous studies. An initial trend was observed for associations between the presence of epilepsy and regressive ASD (odds ratio: 5.33; 95% CI: 0.62–45.41, p-value: 0.086). Secondly, subjects with either regressive ASD or epilepsy showed worse behavioral profiles (despite the higher pharmacotherapy they received). These preliminary results, which need to be further confirmed, suggest the presence of specific associations of different clinical conditions in subjects with rarely investigated phenotypes.

Comparative Study of Vegetable Biodiversity in Terai and Hilly Belts of Chitwan, Nepal

The study was conducted to assess biodiversity and conservation aspects of vegetable crops in two different geographical areas of the Chitwan district. The household survey was carried out in Kailash (hill) and Nayabasti (terai) of Chitwan. Descriptive analysis, mean comparison, correlations, and biodiversity indices were used for data analysis. On the basis of biodiversity index, evenness, the adequate number of species, and Sorenson’s coefficient, open-pollinated (OP) (nonhybrid) vegetables were more diverse in hills than in terai, while hybrid vegetables are more diverse in terai than in hills. Hybrid vegetables were mostly grown in terai, where the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides was also higher. OP vegetables dominated hilly areas. Gurung ethnic community had a significant role in the conservation of indigenous vegetable biodiversity. The primary source of seed was home storage in the case of OP vegetables in hills. However, in terai, agro-concerns were used as a significant source of seeds, followed by co-operatives. Co-operatives’ involvement was high in terai as compared to hills, but the role was not significant in vegetable farming. In contrast, assistance in vegetable farming from agriculture service provider organizations was higher in hills as compared to terai. The major problem in vegetable farming was lack of irrigation in both areas, followed by market inaccessibility in hills, whereas climate change was rising as a problem in terai. Markets of produced goods were farm gate, local markets, and distant markets. A middleman mostly did the price determination of the products. Off-season vegetable farming was not practiced in the study areas. However, off-farm vegetable production was typical in hilly areas. Indigenous and OP vegetable biodiversity has been facing various challenges despite their roles in nutrition, indigenous knowledge promotion, and food security. Hence, it is suggested to strengthen government policy toward irrigation facility development, gene bank establishment, marketing facilities, and technology transfer and develop on-farm community based intense organizations for sustainable vegetable diversity conservation.

Local Knowledge “Makiriwo” in The Sustainable Livelihood Perspective (Case of Apulea Coconut Farm Community in North Halmahera Regency, Indonesia)

This study aims to describe a portrait of Apulea community in North Halmahera District which is located in the border region between Indonesia-Philippines and North Halmahera-West Halmahera District. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach that specifically describes a survival strategy for the sustainability of the livelihoods of coconut farmers in the village of Apulea in North Halmahera Regency, Indonesia. Retrieval of research data using in-depth interview techniques, document observation and study. The informants involved in this study were selected selectively based on livelihoods and experience using social capital and cultural capital as a strategy to achieve livelihood sustainability. The results of this study indicate that local knowlidge makiriwo is embodied in natural resource capital and social capital that is used to sustain life amid barriers to acces to financial capital, physical capital and human capital.

Mental Model Analysis of Biogas Energy Perceptions and Policy Reveals Potential Constraints in a Japanese Farm Community

Biogas systems are complex and involve many local stakeholders who produce and utilize energy and digestate. If the systems are managed properly, they offer environmental and socioeconomic benefits to the community. However, further expansion may be challenging when differences in values and perspectives exist among stakeholders. This study analyzed perceptions among local biogas stakeholders by using a mental model approach. A local community in a northern Japanese island was chosen as a case study, and 22 stakeholders were asked to develop individual mental models of the biogas system. We found that many stakeholders shared the cognitive benefits of biogas, while there were perception differences regarding digestate use. Arable farmers mentioned technical and non-technical constraints for accepting digestate, while dairy and non-farmers were ambivalent about these demand-side constraints. This perception difference may lead to potential obstacles for future expansion of biogas systems in the region. Therefore, biogas policy should incorporate actions for better usage of digestate. These include the mandatory planning of digestate use when designing a new biogas plant, as well as actions to improve the attractiveness of digestate for arable farmers. These findings are useful for other livestock-intensive areas where the number of biogas plants is rapidly increasing but digestate management is yet organized.

Family and Faith, 1790–1828

Amy Kirby Post’s life as a social activist was rooted in the Quaker farm community in which she was raised. Born in 1802 in Jericho, New York, Amy Kirby was surrounded by grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins, all of them birthright members of the Society of Friends. Friends embraced a diverse range of views, but the local Jericho and Westbury Friends Meetings were noted for their peace and antislavery testimonies. Elias Hicks led antislavery efforts in the area and insisted that individuals act according to their “inner light” rather than the Quaker Discipline or even the Bible. Friends’ separate women’s meetings and acknowledgement of women ministers provided Amy with a strong sense of female independence. Yet she also learned about the fragility of family ties and of life itself. Her closest sister Hannah married Isaac Post and moved to central New York in 1823; Amy’s fiancé died in 1825; and two years later Hannah died far from home. Hannah’s death occurred just as the Society of Friends split into Hicksite and Orthodox branches. While twenty-five-year-old Amy was certain about her spiritual commitment to the Hicksites, in most other ways, her future felt deeply unsettled.

Anabaptist Agriculture: Understanding the Success of Mennonite Farmers in Northern Ontario

Over the past fifteen years, a significant movement of Anabaptist farmers, particularly Amish and Old Order Mennonites, to northern Ontario has occurred. These farmers have increased access to local food, broadened the productive spectrum of crops and improved food security for many communities. Their economic and social impacts on northern communities has been significant, as has their impact on the broader farm community. Utilizing traditional agrarian practices with limited modern technology, Anabaptist farmers have significantly broadened the agricultural landscape and challenged prevailing stereotypes of agricultural viability in the north. The success of Anabaptist farmers can be directly linked to the strong sense of community within Mennonite groups, diversified farming activities undertaken within each household and high level of acceptance from northern residents. This presentation will focus on the motivations of Anabaptist farmers who moved to northern Ontario and the diversification strategies they utilize to ensure success of their farming endeavours.