Effect of optimal filtering parameters for autoregressive model AR(p) on motor unit action potential signal

Error is one element of the autoregressive (AR) model, which is supposed to be white noise. Correspondingly assumption that white noise error is a normal distribution in electromyography (EMG) estimation is one of the common causes for error maximization. This paper presents the effect of a suitable choice of filtering function based on the non-invasive analysis properties of motor unit action potential signal, extracted from a non-invasive method-the high spatial resolution (HSR) electromyography (EMG), recorded during low-level isometric muscle contractions. The final prediction error procedure is used to find the number of parameters in the model. The error signal parameter, the simulated deviation from the actual signals, is suitably filtered to obtain optimally appropriate estimates of the parameters of the automatic regression model. It is filtered to acquire optimally appropriate estimates of the parameters of the automatic regression model. Then appropriate estimates of spectral power shapes are obtained with a high degree of efficiency compared with the robust method under investigation. Extensive experiment results for the proposed technique have shown that it provides a robust and reliable calculation of model parameters. Moreover, estimates of power spectral profiles were evaluated efficiently.

Сегнетоэлектрические свойства гетероструктуры Sr-=SUB=-0.5-=/SUB=-Ba-=SUB=-0.5-=/SUB=-Nb-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-6-=/SUB=-/Ba-=SUB=-0.2-=/SUB=-Sr-=SUB=-0.8-=/SUB=-TiO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-/Si(001)

The properties of c-oriented thin films Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 grown on a Si(001) (p-type) substrate with a pre-deposited Ba0.2Sr0.8TiO3 layer were studied using scanning probe microscopy and dielectric spectroscopy. It is established that the films Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 are characterized by low surface roughness (less than 6 nm), average crystallite size 93 nm. It is shown that there is spontaneous polarization in the film directed from its surface to the substrate, which caused the manifestation of the field effect for the case of the Si substrate with p-type conductivity without external field effect. Differences in the magnitude of the surface potential signal for regions polarized by an external electric field of different polarities (+10 and −10 V), as well as in their relaxation to the initial state, are revealed. The reasons for the established patterns are discussed.

The Potential Emergence of “Education as Mental Health Therapy” as a Feasible Form of Teacher-Delivered Child Mental Health Care in a Low and Middle Income Country: A Mixed Methods Pragmatic Pilot Study

Objective: We assessed task-shifting children's mental health care to teachers as a potential approach to improving access to child mental health care.Methods: In Darjeeling, India, we conducted a single-arm, mixed-methods feasibility study with 19 teachers and 36 children in five rural primary schools to determine whether teachers can deliver transdiagnostic mental health care to select children-in-need with fidelity to protocol, to assess which therapeutic options teachers chose to use within the protocol, and to evaluate for a potential signal of efficacy.Results: Participation rates for intervention activities were >80%. A majority of teachers met or exceeded quality benchmarks for all intervention activities. Teachers chose to deliver teacher-centric techniques, i.e., techniques that only teachers could deliver given their role in the child's life, 80% of the time. Children improved in mental health score percentiles on the Achenbach Teacher Report Form. Key facilitators included the flexibility to adapt intervention activities to their needs, while identified barriers included limited time for care delivery.Conclusion: Findings support the feasibility of task-shifting children's mental health care to classroom teachers in resource-limited schools. Fidelity to protocol appeared feasible, though the freedom to choose and adapt therapeutic techniques may also have enhanced feasibility. Surprisingly, teachers consistently chose to deliver teacher-centric therapeutic techniques that resulted in a potential signal of efficacy. This finding supports the potential emergence of “education as mental health therapy” (Ed-MH) as a new therapy modality. Continued investigation is required to test and refine strategies for involving teachers in the delivery of transdiagnostic mental health care.

Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, Systematic Network Pharmacology, and Molecular Docking to Explore the Potential Mechanism of Fructus Aurantii for Major Depression Disorder

Background. Major Depression Disorder (MDD) is a common mental disease that has become one of the world’s major medical diseases. Currently, the Fructus Aurantii (FA) has been widely used to treat depression. However, the active substance ingredients and potential mechanisms of the shell antidepression have not yet been clarified. Method. First, we used ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight tandem mass (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) technology to identify the chemical composition of the FA. Then, it is predicted for active ingredients, pharmaceutical disease target screening by DiscoveryStudio 2016 (DS), Metascape, and other databases, PPI network diagram, and FC core pathway. Finally, the system network pharmacology results are verified by molecular contact verification. Results. Forty-six compounds in FA were identified, and twelve active ingredients were determined. Various database information, PPI network analysis of 41 intersections, and 20 core targets including DRD2, MTOR, FASP3, and PIK3P1 were integrated. Finally, the MDD treatment is indicated by molecular docking, and the most relevant potential signal pathway is the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

Real-Time Multirate Filtering of Digitized Torque Signals on Tiva Microcontroller using Fixed-Point Design with MATLAB

Correct bone screw torque is critical for positive patient outcomes after orthopaedic surgery. Models of the screwing process have been developed to allow a smart screwdriver to optimise the insertion torque. Experimental data is required to test these models, so a test-rig has been developed. Accurate torque measurement is a key part of the test-rig. An FIR filter was designed for this torque signal, implemented on the test-rig, and compared theoretically and experimentally to a mean filter and to no filtering. The FIR and mean filters both performed well, with the FIR achieving better theoretical results, and the mean filter achieving better experimental results. Better understanding of the noise structure and potential signal distortion would be required to improve the FIR filter or to conclusively compare it against the mean filter, however both perform sufficiently well for this application.

STUDY THE BIOPOTENTIAL PARAMETER FOR DETECTION OF SEISMIC AND ENVIORNMENTAL CHANGES IN INDIAN REGION

The changes in the magnetic flux generated (electric, magnetic and electromagnetic waves) on the surface of earth due to sudden changes is a matter of discussion. These emissions occur along the fault line generated due to geological and tectonic processes. When sudden changes occur in the environment due to seismic and atmospheric variations, these sensing was observed by creatures and human bodies because the animals and trees adopt the abnormal signals and change the behavior. We have analyzed the changing behavior of recorded signal by live sensors (i.e. banyan tree). So we use the deep rooted and long age’s banyan tree. Banyan tree (long ages) in which root has been working as a live sensor and record the geological and environmental changes. We record the low frequency signals which propagated through solar-terrestrial environment affect directly the root system of the banyan tree and changes has been observed by live sensors. Then, VLF signal ma(y propagate to the earth-ionosphere waveguide. We have also analyzed the different parameters of live cells which is inbuilt in latex of the tree, so we record the dielectric parameters of green stem latex and found some parameters i.e., dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss (ε’) of various trees to verify these natural hazards and found good correlation. Therefore, we can say by regularly monitoring the bio-potential signal and dielectric properties of banyan tree we can able to find the precursory signature of seismic hazards and environmental changes.

Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Feasibility Study, Evaluating the Efficacy of Homeopathic Medicines in the Prevention of COVID-19 in a Quarantined Population

Introduction Exploring preventive therapeutic measures has been among the biggest challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We explored the feasibility and methods of recruitment, retention, and potential signal of efficacy, of selected homeopathic medicines as preventive measure for developing COVID-19 in a multi-group study. Materials and Methods A six-group, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled prophylaxis study was conducted in a COVID-19 exposed population in a quarantine facility in Mumbai, India. Each group received one of the following: Arsenicum album 30c, Bryonia alba 30c, a combination (Arsenicum album 30c, Bryonia alba 30c, Gelsemium sempervirens 30c, and Influenzinum 30c), coronavirus nosode CVN01 30c, Camphora 1M, or placebo. Six pills twice a day were administered for 3 days. The primary outcome measure used was testing recruitment and retention in this quarantined setting. Secondary outcomes were numbers testing positive for COVID-19 after developing symptoms of illness, number of subjects hospitalized, and days to recovery. Results Good rates of recruitment and retention were achieved. Of 4,497 quarantined individuals, 2,343 sought enrollment, with 2,294 enrolled and 2,233 completing the trial (49.7% recruitment, 97.3% retention). Subjects who were randomized to either Bryonia alba or to the CVN01 nosode signaled (p <0.10) a lower incidence of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and a shorter period of illness, with evidence of fewer hospitalizations, than those taking placebo. The three other groups did not show signals of efficacy. Conclusion This pilot study supports the feasibility of a larger randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Bryonia alba 30c and CVN01 30c should both be explored in disease prevention or shortening the course of disease symptomatology in a COVID-19-exposed population.

Calibration of the Gerda experiment

The GERmanium Detector Array (Gerda) collaboration searched for neutrinoless double-$$\beta $$ β decay in $$^{76}$$ 76 Ge with an array of about 40 high-purity isotopically-enriched germanium detectors. The experimental signature of the decay is a monoenergetic signal at $$Q_{\beta \beta }$$ Q β β $$=2039.061(7)$$ = 2039.061 ( 7 ) keV in the measured summed energy spectrum of the two emitted electrons. Both the energy reconstruction and resolution of the germanium detectors are crucial to separate a potential signal from various backgrounds, such as neutrino-accompanied double-$$\beta $$ β decays allowed by the Standard Model. The energy resolution and stability were determined and monitored as a function of time using data from regular $$^{228}$$ 228 Th calibrations. In this work, we describe the calibration process and associated data analysis of the full Gerda dataset, tailored to preserve the excellent resolution of the individual germanium detectors when combining data over several years.

Study the bio-potential parameter for the detection of seismic and environmental changes in Indian region

The changes the magnetic flux generated (electric, magnetic and electromagnetic waves) on the surface of earth due to sudden changes is a matter of discussion. These emissions occur along the fault line generated due to geological and tectonic processes. When sudden changes occur in the environment due to seismic and atmospheric variations, these sensing was observed by creatures and human bodies because the animals and trees adopt the abnormal signals and change the behavior. We have analyzed the changing behavior of recorded signal by live sensors (i.e., banyan tree). So we use the deep-rooted and long-aged banyan tree. The root of banyan tree (long-aged) has been working as a live sensor to record the geological and environmental changes. We record the low frequency signals propagated through solar-terrestrial environment which directly affect the root system of the banyan tree and changes that have been observed by live sensors. Then, very low frequency (VLF) signal may propagate to the earth-ionosphere waveguide. We have also analyzed the different parameters of live cells which is inbuilt in latex of the tree, so we record the dielectric parameters of green stem latex and found some parameters i.e., dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss (ε’) of various trees to verify these natural hazards and found good correlation. Therefore, we can say by regularly monitoring the bio-potential signal and dielectric properties of banyan tree and we are able to find the precursory signature of seismic hazards and environmental changes.

Effect of acute alcohol intoxication on scale-free neural activity in the lateral septum in rats

Electrophysiological recordings of brain activity show both oscillatory dynamics that typically are analyzed in the time-frequency domain to describe brain oscillatory phenomena and scale-free arrhythmic activity defined as neural noise. Recent studies consider this arrhythmic fractal dynamics of neural noise as a sensitive biomarker of a number of cognitive processes, activity of neurotransmitter systems, changes that accompany neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders including alcohol use disorder. We tested the changes in neural noise induced by acute alcohol intoxication in the lateral septum for the entire spectrum (1–200 Hz) of local field potential signal and for frequency specific ranges (delta, theta, beta, gamma and epsilon bands). Five male Wistar rats were implanted with intracranial electrodes and local field potential signal was measured for baseline activity and activity induced by acute ethanol intoxication (2 g/kg). Change in neural noise dynamics was assessed as a change in the slope of linear regression fit of power spectral density curves in double logarithmic scale. In our study alcohol resulted in lower incline of scale-free activity in the lateral septum for high frequency range and for the whole spectrum, which is interpreted generally as increase in neural noise and change in neuronal processing in a more stochastic way initiated by the acute alcohol intoxication. At the same time, we observed decrease in neural noise for low frequency range. The observed changes may be related to the shift of the excitatory-inhibitory balance towards inhibition and changes in neurotransmission mostly in the GABAergic system. Scale-free activity was sensitive in the conditions of acute alcohol intoxication, therefore to understand its role in alcohol use disorder we need more data and studies on the underlying processes. Future studies should include simultaneous recordings and analysis of arrhythmic dynamics with the oscillatory and multiunit spiking activity in the lateral septum. It can reveal the contribution of different-scale processes in changes driven by acute alcohol intoxication and clarify the specific electrophysiological mechanisms.